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Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 4
by Kash L. MittalThis book chronicles the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium held on this topic in Toronto. A total of 26 papers covering many ramifications of silanes and other coupling agents are included in this book. The topics covered include: various ways to deposit silanes; silane adsorption; investigation of interfacial interactions between si
Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 5
by Kash L. MittalThe topic of silanes and other coupling agents/adhesion promoters is of tremendous contemporary interest because of their application in many and varied technologically important areas ranging from coatings to reinforced composites to dentistry to biomedical (e.g., for bonding nucleotides to the so-called a gene chipsa ). In addition to their tra
Silencing the Bomb: One Scientist's Quest to Halt Nuclear Testing
by Lynn R. SykesIn December 2016, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists moved their iconic “Doomsday Clock” thirty seconds forward to two and a half minutes to midnight, the latest it has been set since 1952, the year of the first United States hydrogen bomb test. But a group of scientists—geologists, engineers, and physicists—has been fighting to turn back the clock. Since the dawn of the Cold War, they have advocated a halt to nuclear testing, their work culminating in the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which still awaits ratification from China, Iran, North Korea—and the United States. The backbone of the treaty is every nation’s ability to independently monitor the nuclear activity of the others. The noted seismologist Lynn R. Sykes, one of the central figures in the development of the science and technology used in monitoring, has dedicated his career to halting nuclear testing. In Silencing the Bomb, he tells the inside story behind scientists’ quest for disarmament.Called upon time and again to testify before Congress and to inform the public, Sykes and his colleagues were, for much of the Cold War, among the only people on earth able to say with certainty when and where a bomb was tested and how large it was. Methods of measuring earthquakes, researchers realized, could also detect underground nuclear explosions. When politicians on both sides of the Iron Curtain attempted to sidestep disarmament or test ban treaties, Sykes was able to deploy the nascent science of plate tectonics to reveal the truth. Seismologists’ discoveries helped bring about treaties limiting nuclear testing, but it was their activism that played a key role in the effort for peace. Full of intrigue, international politics, and hard science used for the global good, Silencing the Bomb is a timely and necessary chronicle of one scientist’s efforts to keep the clock from striking midnight.
Silent Spring
by Rachel Carson"In 1962, when Silent Spring was first published, 'environment' was not even an entry in the vocabulary of public policy. In a few cities, especially Los Angeles, smog had become a cause of concern, albeit more because of its appearance than because of its threat to public health. Conservation--the precursor of environmentalism--had been mentioned during the 1960 Democratic and Republican conventions, but only in passing and almost entirely in the context of national parks and natural resources. And except for a few scattered entries in largely inaccessible scientific journals, there was virtually no public dialogue about the growing, invisible dangers of DDT and other pesticides and chemicals. Silent Spring came as a cry in the wilderness, a deeply felt, thoroughly researched, and brilliantly written argument that changed the course of history. Without this book, the environmental movement might have been long delayed or never have developed at all."--Introduction, p. xv.
Silent to Sound: British Cinema in Transition
by Geoff BrownSilent cinema was never silent. But from the mid-1920s onwards, the 'sound' part of the cinema experience was transformed by the arrival of films, long and short, with clearly audible talk, music, and sound effects built in. It marked the most fundamental shift in cinema technology since cinema's birth. The first book devoted to Britain's conversion to talkies, and the result of eight years' research, Silent to Sound: British Cinema in Transition takes a lively and comprehensive look at the production side of the British sound revolution, stretching from experimental efforts in the late 19th century, through the sound shorts of the 1920s, to the key year of 1929, the year of Hitchcock's Blackmail (Britain's first home-grown talkie feature), and the industry turmoil that followed. The narrative concludes in 1934, when John Grierson's GPO Film Unit finally acquired sound equipment, prompting a late burst of experimentation just when commercial feature soundtracks had settled down. Films familiar, neglected, and unknown are examined: overripe melodramas (the lost Black Waters), local versions of Hollywood musicals (Harmony Heaven), visually elaborate science-fiction (High Treason), plus newsreels, documentaries, amateur films, and the last phase of British silent production. The impact of sound on studio technique is examined, along with the industry's complex relations with Britain's strong theatre traditions, with Europe, and above all, cinema's superpower, America. It's also never forgotten that the sound transition was shaped not just by technology but by the talents, foibles, and follies of individual people. Film history with a human face.
Silica Aerogel Composites
by Mahesh Sachithanadam Sunil Chandrakant JoshiThis book explores the improvement in thermal insulation properties of protein-based silica aerogel composites fabricated by a novel, inexpensive and feasiblemethod. The resulting material exhibits polymeric foam behavior including high compressibility, super-hydrophobic qualities and excellent strain recovery in addition to low thermal conductivity. The fabrication methodologies are explained in great detail and represented in flowcharts for easy reference and understanding. This monograph gives readers a new perspective on composite fabrication using methods other than the traditional ones and explores the endless ways of altering the composition to modify the properties of the silica aerogel composites. Applications for this novel composite are diverse and range from those in the pharmaceutical and aerospace industries to the oil and gas industries.
Silica Fume in Geopolymers: A Comprehensive Review of Its Effects on Properties (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Alaa M. RashadThis book provides a comprehensive review of past studies that have investigated the effects of Silica Fume (SF) on the properties of geopolymers in its three different forms: as an additive to the precursor, as part of an activator, or as a foaming agent. By analyzing previous studies, this book aims to provide a clear understanding of the positive and negative effects of recycling SF into various geopolymer types. It is a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and professionals working in the field of geopolymer technology and cementitious materials.
Silica-Based Nanotechnology for Bone Disease Treatment (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Mariela AgotegarayThis book addresses conventional treatments of bone diseases. It proposes nanotechnological tools based on the use of silica as a bioactive material for bone. The book links the physiological and anatomical aspects of the bone with the ancestral importance of the bone system. It describes associated pathologies and conventional treatments, emphasizing their shortcomings. The book gives future perspectives and applicable tools to the development of new nanomaterials.
Silicene
by Michelle J.S. Spencer Tetsuya MorishitaThis book reviews the current state-of-the art of single layer silicene up to thicker silicon nanosheets, and their structure, properties and potential applications. Silicene is a newly discovered material that is one atomic layer think. It is a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial that is classified as a nanosheet, which has large lateral dimensions up to micrometres, but thicknesses of only nanometres or less. Silicon nanosheets are currently a very 'hot' area of research. The unique properties and morphology of such materials make them ideal for a variety of applications, including electronic devices, batteries and sensors. 2D nanosheets of silicon can be considered as analogues of graphene. As silicon is already the major component of electronic devices, the significance of nanosheets composed of silicon is that they can be more easily integrated into existing electronic devices. Furthermore, if 2D nanostructured Si can be implemented into such devices, then their size could be reduced into the nano-regime, providing unique properties different from bulk Si that is currently employed. The book is written for researchers and graduate students.
Silicene: Prediction, Synthesis, Application (NanoScience and Technology #930)
by Guy Le Lay Patrick VogtThis book discusses the processing and properties of silicene, including the historical and theoretical background of silicene, theoretical predictions, the synthesis and experimental properties of silicene and the potential applications and further developments. It also presents other similar monolayer materials, like germanene and phosphorene. Silicene, a new silicon allotrope with a graphene-like, honeycomb structure, has recently attracted considerable interest, because its topology affords it the same remarkable electronic properties as those of graphene. Additionally, silicene may have the potential advantage of being easily integrated in current Si-based nano/micro-electronics, offering novel technological applications.Silicene was theoretically conjectured a few years ago as a stand-alone material. However, it does not exist in nature and had to be synthesized on a substrate. It has since been successfully synthesized and multi-layer silicene structures are already being discussed. Within just a few years, silicene is now on the brink of technological applications in electronic devices.
Silicon Advances for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health: Increased Nutrition and Disease Prevention (Sustainable Plant Nutrition in a Changing World)
by Anoop Kumar Srivastava Hassan Etesami Renato de Mello PradoThis book addresses the most innovative topics on silicon to ensure sustainability in agriculture, including advances in nanotechnology and the impact on human health. It provides innovative information on the mineral nutrition of plants with a focus on the beneficial element silicon that has attracted the attention and interest of researchers. This is happening because silicon is the only element in plant nutrition that is capable of mitigating the greatest number of stressful events during plant cultivation. Faced with climate change associated with disease pressure due to the use of transgenic cultivars that decreases genetic variability and increases the occurrence of stress in crops. Associated with this, there is a need to reduce the use of chemical pesticides in crops to favor agro-environmental sustainability and thus increases the need for the use of silicon in agriculture. This is important because the main goal of plant mineral nutrition is to meet the demand of the plant and consequently of man and his nutritional requirements, but there is a lack of work to integrate the benefits of Si in plants and consequently its reflections on human health. The information in this work will drive further research to expand knowledge and the benefits of Si in sustainable agriculture and human health, and therefore, the target audience would be researchers, professors, students from universities and research institutes, as well as company technicians.
Silicon Analog Components
by Badih El-Kareh Lou N. HutterThis book covers modern analog components, their characteristics, and interactions with process parameters. It serves as a comprehensive guide, addressing both the theoretical and practical aspects of modern silicon devices and the relationship between their electrical properties and processing conditions. Based on the authors' extensive experience in the development of analog devices, this book is intended for engineers and scientists in semiconductor research, development and manufacturing. The problems at the end of each chapter and the numerous charts, figures and tables also make it appropriate for use as a text in graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in electrical engineering and materials science.
Silicon Analog Components: Device Design, Process Integration, Characterization, and Reliability
by Badih El-Kareh Lou N. HutterThis book covers modern analog components, their characteristics, and interactions with process parameters. It serves as a comprehensive guide, addressing both the theoretical and practical aspects of modern silicon devices and the relationship between their electrical properties and processing conditions. Based on the authors’ extensive experience in the development of analog devices, this book is intended for engineers and scientists in semiconductor research, development and manufacturing. The problems at the end of each chapter and the numerous charts, figures and tables also make it appropriate for use as a text in graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in electrical engineering and materials science.Enables engineers to understand analog device physics, and discusses important relations between process integration, device design, component characteristics, and reliability;Describes in step-by-step fashion the components that are used in analog designs, the particular characteristics of analog components, while comparing them to digital applications;Explains the second-order effects in analog devices, and trade-offs between these effects when designing components and developing an integrated process for their manufacturing.
Silicon Based Unified Memory Devices and Technology
by Arup BhattacharyyaThe primary focus of this book is on basic device concepts, memory cell design, and process technology integration. The first part provides in-depth coverage of conventional nonvolatile memory devices, stack structures from device physics, historical perspectives, and identifies limitations of conventional devices. The second part reviews advances made in reducing and/or eliminating existing limitations of NVM device parameters from the standpoint of device scalability, application extendibility, and reliability. The final part proposes multiple options of silicon based unified (nonvolatile) memory cell concepts and stack designs (SUMs). The book provides Industrial R&D personnel with the knowledge to drive the future memory technology with the established silicon FET-based establishments of their own. It explores application potentials of memory in areas such as robotics, avionics, health-industry, space vehicles, space sciences, bio-imaging, genetics etc.
Silicon Carbide Nanostructures
by Jiyang Fan Paul K. ChuThis book brings together the most up-to-date information on the fabrication techniques, properties, and potential applications of low dimensional silicon carbide (SiC) nanostructures such as nanocrystallites, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanostructured films. It also summarizes the tremendous achievements acquired during the past three decades involving structural, electronic, and optical properties of bulk silicon carbide crystals. SiC nanostructures exhibit a range of fascinating and industrially important properties, such as diverse polytypes, stability of interband and defect-related green to blue luminescence, inertness to chemical surroundings, and good biocompatibility. These properties have generated an increasing interest in the materials, which have great potential in a variety of applications across the fields of nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, electron field emission, sensing, quantum information, energy conversion and storage, biomedical engineering, and medicine. SiC is also a most promising substitute for silicon in high power, high temperature, and high frequency microelectronic devices. Recent breakthrough pertaining to the synthesis of ultra-high quality SiC single-crystals will bring the materials closer to real applications. Silicon Carbide Nanostructures: Fabrication, Structure, and Properties provides a unique reference book for researchers and graduate students in this emerging field. It is intended for materials scientists, physicists, chemists, and engineers in microelectronics, optoelectronics, and biomedical engineering.
Silicon Carbide One-dimensional Nanostructures
by Laurence Latu-Romain Maelig OllivierDedicated to SiC-based 1D nanostructures, this book explains the properties and different growth methods of these nanostructures. It details carburization of silicon nanowires, a growth process for obtaining original Si-SiC core-shell nanowires and SiC nanotubes of high crystalline quality, thanks to the control of the siliconout-diffusion. The potential applications of these particular nano-objects is also discussed, with regards to their eventual integration in biology, energy and electronics.eventual integration in biology, energy and electronics.
Silicon Containing Copolymers
by Sahar Amiri Mohammad Ali Semsarzadeh Sanam AmiriSilicones have unique properties including thermal oxidative stability, low temperature flow, high compressibility, low surface tension, hydrophobicity and electric properties. These special properties have encouraged the exploration of alternative synthetic routes of well defined controlled microstructures of silicone copolymers, the subject of this Springer Brief. The authors explore the synthesis and characterization of notable block copolymers. Recent advances in controlled radical polymerization techniques leading to the facile synthesis of well-defined silicon based thermo reversible block copolymers are described along with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), a technique utilized to develop well-defined functional thermo reversible block copolymers. The brief also focuses on Polyrotaxanes and their great potential as stimulus-responsive materials which produce poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) based thermo reversible block copolymers.
Silicon Containing Hybrid Copolymers: Synthesis, Properties, And Applications
by Chaobin He Zibiao LiCombines chemistry and material science in order to provide a complete overview of the design, synthesis, and applications of organo-silica This book offers comprehensive and systematic coverage of the latest developments in functional hybrid silicon copolymers, their applications, and how they were developed in relation to previous works in the preparation of various functional groups terminated silicone materials. Silicon Containing Hybrid Copolymers begins with a chapter that introduces readers to organo-silicon materials. It then presents a chapter on reactive functionally terminated polyorganosiloxanes, and contains a section on the methods and advances of functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and copolymers. Nanostructured self-assemblies from silicon containing hybrid copolymers are discussed?as are superhydrophobic materials derived from hybrid silicon. Other chapters examine silicone copolymers for healthcare and personal care applications; construction of organic optoelectronic materials by using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS); and 3D printing silicone materials and devices. The book also includes an overview of material toughening and fire retardancy in regards to hybrid POSS nanocomposites. This title: -Focuses on design and synthesis strategies, providing a valuable resource for researchers in academia and industry -Presents recent applications, with emphasis on the underlying strategies and the influence from previous designs, in fields such as healthcare and consumer care -Combines synthetic pathways with design specific considerations to provide the reader with greater control over the design process Silicon Containing Hybrid Copolymers is an ideal book for materials scientists, polymer chemists, and bioinorganic chemists.
Silicon Earth
by John D. CresslerWe are in the swirling center of the most life-changing technological revolution the Earth has ever known. In only 60 years, an eye-blink of human history, a single technological invention has launched the proverbial thousand ships, producing the most sweeping and pervasive set of changes ever to wash over humankind; changes that are reshaping the very core of human existence, on a global scale, at a relentlessly accelerating pace. And we are just at the very beginning. Silicon Earth introduces readers with little or no background to the many marvels of microelectronics and nanotechnology, using easy, non-intimidating language, with an intuitive approach using minimal math. The general scientific and engineering underpinnings of microelectronics and nanotechnology are addressed, as well as how this new technological revolution is transforming a broad array of interdisciplinary fields, and civilization as a whole. Special "widget deconstruction" chapters address the inner workings of ubiquitous micro/nano-enabled pieces of technology such as cell phones, flash drives, GPS, DVDs, and digital cameras.
Silicon Earth: Introduction to Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Second Edition
by John D. CresslerWe are in the center of the most life-changing technological revolution the Earth has ever known. In little more than 65 years, an eye-blink in human history, a single technological invention has launched the proverbial thousand ships, producing the most sweeping and pervasive set of changes ever to wash over humankind; changes that are reshaping the very core of human existence, on a global scale, at a relentlessly accelerating pace. And we are just at the very beginning. Silicon Earth: Introduction to Microelectronics and Nanotechnology introduces readers with little or no technical background to the marvels of microelectronics and nanotechnology, using straightforward language, an intuitive approach, minimal math, and lots of pictures. The general scientific and engineering underpinnings of microelectronics and nanotechnology are described, as well as how this new technological revolution is transforming a broad array of interdisciplinary fields, and civilization as a whole. Special "widget deconstruction" chapters address the inner workings of ubiquitous micro/nano-enabled pieces of technology, such as smartphones, flash drives, and digital cameras. Completely updated and upgraded to full color, the Second Edition: Includes new material on the design of electronic systems, the future of electronics, and the societal impact of micro/nanotechnology Provides new widget deconstructions of cutting-edge tech gadgets like the GPS-enabled smartwatch Adds end-of-chapter study questions and hundreds of new color photos Silicon Earth: Introduction to Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Second Edition is a pick-up-and-read-cover-to-cover book for those curious about the micro/nanoworld, as well as a classroom-tested, student-and-professor-approved text ideal for an undergraduate-level university course. Lecture slides, homework examples, a deconstruction project, and discussion threads are available via an author-maintained website.
Silicon Economy: Wie digitale Plattformen industrielle Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke global verändern
by Michael Ten Hompel Boris Otto Michael HenkeDie Silicon Economy ist das Synonym für eine digitale Infrastruktur, die auf der automatisierten Verhandlung, Disposition und Kontrolle von Warenströmen beruht und neue, digitale Geschäftsmodelle (nicht nur) für die Logistik ermöglicht. Diese Infrastruktur erfordert und ermöglicht das Handeln von Daten, ohne die Souveränität über die Daten zu verlieren. Sie ist die digitale Infrastruktur und Umgebung für die KI-Algorithmen entlang von Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken. Als Gegenentwurf zu oligopolistischen Entwicklungen des B2C-Bereichs ist die Silicon Economy ein föderales und dezentrales Plattformökosystem, deren Basiskomponenten als Open Source zur freien Nutzung bereitgestellt werden.Zielsetzung der Silicon Economy-Initiative ist es, Grundlagen und Standards im Soft- und Hardwarebereich zu schaffen und damit das Ecosystem Silicon Economy zu ermöglichen. Gezeigt wird hier das Big Picture der Silicon Economy und wichtiger Zusammenhänge aus wirtschaftlicher, gesellschaftlicher und wissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Technische und ökonomische Konzepte sowie konkrete Entwicklungen der Silicon Economy werden vorgestellt.Dieses Buch richtet sich an Menschen und Unternehmen, die eine offenes und föderales Ecosystem für die Logistik und für das Supply Chain Management benötigen, Produkte entwickeln, Lösungen in Soft- und Hardware einbringen oder die Silicon Economy bereits nutzen und sich an der Open Logistics Foundation beteiligen wollen.
Silicon Heterostructure Devices
by John D. CresslerSiGe HBTs are the most mature of the Si heterostructure devices and not surprisingly the most completely researched and discussed in the technical literature. However, new effects and nuances of device operation are uncovered year-after-year as transistor scaling advances and application targets march steadily upward in frequency and sophistication. Providing a comprehensive treatment of SiGe HBTs, Silicon Heterostructure Devices covers an amazingly diverse set of topics, ranging from basic transistor physics to noise, radiation effects, reliability, and TCAD simulation.Drawn from the comprehensive and well-reviewed Silicon Heterostructure Handbook, this text explores SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), heterostructure FETs, various other heterostructure devices, as well as optoelectronic components. The book provides an overview, characteristics, and derivative applications for each device covered. It discusses device physics, broadband noise, performance limits, reliability, engineered substrates, and self-assembling nanostructures. Coverage of optoelectronic devices includes Si/SiGe LEDs, near-infrared detectors, photonic transistors for integrated optoelectronics, and quantum cascade emitters. In addition to this substantial collection of material, the book concludes with a look at the ultimate limits of SiGe HBTs scaling. It contains easy-to-reference appendices on topics including the properties of silicon and germanium, the generalized Moll-Ross relations, and the integral charge-control model, and sample SiGe HBT compact model parameters.
Silicon Heterostructure Handbook: Materials, Fabrication, Devices, Circuits and Applications of SiGe and Si Strained-Layer Epitaxy
by John D. CresslerAn extraordinary combination of material science, manufacturing processes, and innovative thinking spurred the development of SiGe heterojunction devices that offer a wide array of functions, unprecedented levels of performance, and low manufacturing costs. While there are many books on specific aspects of Si heterostructures, the Silicon Heterostructure Handbook: Materials, Fabrication, Devices, Circuits, and Applications of SiGe and Si Strained-Layer Epitaxy is the first book to bring all aspects together in a single source.Featuring broad, comprehensive, and in-depth discussion, this handbook distills the current state of the field in areas ranging from materials to fabrication, devices, CAD, circuits, and applications. The editor includes "snapshots" of the industrial state-of-the-art for devices and circuits, presenting a novel perspective for comparing the present status with future directions in the field. With each chapter contributed by expert authors from leading industrial and research institutions worldwide, the book is unequalled not only in breadth of scope, but also in depth of coverage, timeliness of results, and authority of references. It also includes a foreword by Dr. Bernard S. Meyerson, a pioneer in SiGe technology.Containing nearly 1000 figures along with valuable appendices, the Silicon Heterostructure Handbook authoritatively surveys materials, fabrication, device physics, transistor optimization, optoelectronics components, measurement, compact modeling, circuit design, and device simulation.
Silicon Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Volume II (Electrochemical Society. Proceedings Ser. #Vol. 85-7)
by E. KasperThis subject is divided into two volumes. Volume I is on homoepitaxy with the necessary systems, techniques, and models for growth and dopant incorporation. Three chapters on homoepitaxy are followed by two chapters describing the different ways in which MBE may be applied to create insulator/Si stackings which may be used for three-dimensional circuits. The two remaining chapters in Volume I are devoted to device applications. The first three chapters of Volume II treat all aspects of heteroepitaxy with the exception of the epitaxial insulator/Si structures already treated in volume I.
Silicon Nano-biotechnology
by Yao He Yuanyuan SuThis book reviews the latest advances in the development of silicon nano-biotechnology for biological and biomedical applications, which include biosensing, bioimaging, and cancer therapy. In this book, newly developed silicon nano-biotechnology and its biomedical applications are systematically introduced. For instance, fluorescent silicon nanoparticles, serving as novel high-performance biological nanoprobes, are superbly suited to real-time and long-term bioimaging. Silicon nanowire-based sensing platform is especially capable of sensitive, specific, and multiplexed detection of various biological species. Silicon-based nanocarriers with ultra-high drug-loading capacity are highly efficacious for in vitro and in vivo cancer therapies. This book is intended for readers who are interested in the design of functional silicon nanostructures and their biological and biomedical applications. It uses silicon nanoparticles and silicon nanowires as models and discusses topics ranging from their synthesis to their biological applications, the goal being to highlight these exciting achievements as starting points in the field of silicon nano-biotechnology. Yao He is a Professor at Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, China. Yuanyuan Su is an Associate Professor at Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, China.