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What You Need to Know About AI: A beginner’s guide to what the future holds
by Brian David JohnsonThe only book you need on AI - for all curious, fact-gobbling kids.What actually is AI? Will it take over the world? And one day, will it tidy your bedroom . . .? In this beginner's guide, learn everything you need to know about AI, from how it helps us discover epic stuff up in space or under the sea to whether it might help you build your own dinosaur.With AI expert and futurist Brian David Johnson, discover what AI is, where it came from, the incredible ways it's being used today and how it might shape and reimagine your future. Learn that AI is just software and that it won't replace human creativity or imagination, but it could help us do some really cool things. And uncover amazing facts, myth busters and insight from experts around the world!This book offers a balanced, expert and fascinating view on the biggest topic of our time. Designed with fun illustrations throughout.
What Your Food Ate: How to Heal Our Land and Reclaim Our Health
by David R. Montgomery Anne BikléAre you really what you eat? David R. Montgomery and Anne Biklé take us far beyond the well-worn adage to deliver a new truth: the roots of good health start on farms. What Your Food Ate marshals evidence from recent and forgotten science to illustrate how the health of the soil ripples through to that of crops, livestock, and ultimately us. The long-running partnerships through which crops and soil life nourish one another suffuse plant and animal foods in the human diet with an array of compounds and nutrients our bodies need to protect us from pathogens and chronic ailments. Unfortunately, conventional agricultural practices unravel these vital partnerships and thereby undercut our well-being. Can farmers and ranchers produce enough nutrient-dense food to feed us all? Can we have quality and quantity? With their trademark thoroughness and knack for integrating information across numerous scientific fields, Montgomery and Biklé chart the way forward. Navigating discoveries and epiphanies about the world beneath our feet, they reveal why regenerative farming practices hold the key to healing sick soil and untapped potential for improving human health. Humanity’s hallmark endeavors of agriculture and medicine emerged from our understanding of the natural world—and still depend on it. Montgomery and Biklé eloquently update this fundamental reality and show us why what’s good for the land is good for us, too. What Your Food Ate is a must-read for farmers, eaters, chefs, doctors, and anyone concerned with reversing the modern epidemic of chronic diseases and mitigating climate change.
What's an Eclipse
by Chris Jones Amy TaoHow can the moon or sun seem to disappear right before our eyes? When the moon, the Earth, and the sun align just right in their orbits, they can cause a solar or lunar eclipse! Find out how light and shadow work together to trigger these cool events.
What's It Like in Space?: Stories from Astronauts Who've Been There
by Ariel WaldmanEveryone wonders what it's really like in space, but very few of us have ever had the chance to experience it firsthand. This captivating illustrated collection brings together stories from dozens of international astronauts—men and women who've actually been there—who have returned with accounts of the sometimes weird, often funny, and awe-inspiring sensations and realities of being in space. <p><p>With playful artwork accompanying each, here are the real stories behind backwards dreams, "moon face," the tricks of sleeping in zero gravity and aiming your sneeze during a spacewalk, the importance of packing hot sauce, and dozens of other cosmic quirks and amazements that come with travel in and beyond low Earth orbit.
What's Killing My Chickens?: The Poultry Predator Detective Manual
by Gail DamerowFor backyard chicken keepers and large-scale farmers alike, the single greatest challenge is protecting poultry from predators. What&’s Killing My Chickens? is the essential guide to identifying the culprit and ensuring safety for the flock. Often, by the time an attack is discovered, the predator has already left the scene. Best-selling author and chicken expert Gail Damerow uses the style of a detective manual to teach readers how to follow clues such as tracks, trails, scat, and other signs to identify the attacker. Predator profiles describe key habits of each one and best techniques for blocking their access to the coop and yard, including removing attractants, using poultry guardians and lighting, and installing the most effective type of fencing. This empowering book offers essential knowledge, and peace of mind, for every chicken keeper. This publication conforms to the EPUB Accessibility specification at WCAG 2.0 Level AA.
What's Making Our Children Sick?: How Industrial Food Is Causing an Epidemic of Chronic Illness, and What Parents (and Doctors) Can Do About It
by Dr Michelle Perro Vincanne AdamsExploring the links between GM foods, glyphosate, and gut health With chronic disorders among American children reaching epidemic levels, hundreds of thousands of parents are desperately seeking solutions to their children’s declining health, often with little medical guidance from the experts. What’s Making Our Children Sick? convincingly explains how agrochemical industrial production and genetic modification of foods is a culprit in this epidemic. Is it the only culprit? No. Most chronic health disorders have multiple causes and require careful disentanglement and complex treatments. But what if toxicants in our foods are a major culprit, one that, if corrected, could lead to tangible results and increased health? Using patient accounts of their clinical experiences and new medical insights about pathogenesis of chronic pediatric disorders—taking us into gut dysfunction and the microbiome, as well as the politics of food science—this book connects the dots to explain our kids’ ailing health. What’s Making Our Children Sick? explores the frightening links between our efforts to create higher-yield, cost-efficient foods and an explosion of childhood morbidity, but it also offers hope and a path to effecting change. The predicament we now face is simple. Agroindustrial “innovation” in a previous era hoped to prevent the ecosystem disaster of DDT predicted in Rachel Carson’s seminal book in 1962, Silent Spring. However, this industrial agriculture movement has created a worse disaster: a toxic environment and, consequently, a toxic food supply. Pesticide use is at an all-time high, despite the fact that biotechnologies aimed to reduce the need for them in the first place. Today these chemicals find their way into our livestock and food crop industries and ultimately onto our plates. Many of these pesticides are the modern day equivalent of DDT. However, scant research exists on the chemical soup of poisons that our children consume on a daily basis. As our food supply environment reels under the pressures of industrialization via agrochemicals, our kids have become the walking evidence of this failed experiment. What’s Making Our Children Sick? exposes our current predicament and offers insight on the medical responses that are available, both to heal our kids and to reverse the compromised health of our food supply.
What's That in Your Backpack?
by Mona PeaseAre you carrying a forest on your back? Of course not! But if you dig through your backpack, you will probably find many things that come from the forest.
What's That Sound? (Science Solves It!)
by Mary LawrenceSolve kid-sized dilemmas and mysteries with the Science Solves It! series. These fun books for kids ages 5–8 blend clever stories with real-life science. Why did the dog turn green? Can you control a hiccup? Is that a UFO? Find the answers to these questions and more as kid characters dive into physical, life, and earth sciences. Two weeks in the country—it&’s the perfect summer getaway for Amy and Tim&’s family. But the house looks haunted, and they hear spooky sounds everywhere. Creaks and squeaks, rattles and rumbles. Could Amy and Tim be sharing their summer spot with a ghost? Books in this perfect STEM series will help kids think like scientists and get ahead in the classroom. Activities and experiments are included in every book! (Level One; Science topic: Sound)
What's the Matter?: A Physical Science Unit for High-Ability Learners in Grades 2-3
by Clg Of William And Mary/Ctr Gift EdWhat's the Matter? is a field-tested physical science unit for high-ability learners in grades 2-3. In this unit, students work on solving real-world scenarios by using their newly discovered knowledge of matter, the measurement of matter, and change in physical properties. At the end of this 15-lesson unit, students present their data in a classroom “science conference.”What's the Matter?, a Project Clarion Primary Science Unit, utilizes a hands-on, constructivist approach that allows children to build their knowledge base and skills while they explore science topics through play and planned investigations. The overarching concept of change is used to deepen understanding of the scientific concepts in the unit.Winner of the 2010 NAGC Curriculum Studies Award, What's the Matter? was developed by the Center for Gifted Education at The College of William and Mary, to offer advanced curriculum supported by years of research. The Center's materials have received national recognition from the United States Department of Education and the National Association for Gifted Children, and they are widely used both nationally and internationally.Each of the books in this series offers curriculum that focuses on advanced content and higher level processes. The science units contain simulations of real-world problems, and students experience the work of real science by using data-handling skills, analyzing information, and evaluating results. The mathematics units provide sophisticated ideas and concepts, challenging extensions, higher order thinking skills, and opportunities for student exploration based on interest. These materials are a must for any teacher seeking to challenge and engage learners and increase achievement.Grades 2-3
What's the Use?: How Mathematics Shapes Everyday Life
by Ian StewartSee the world in a completely new way as an esteemed mathematician shows how math powers the world—from technology to health care and beyond. Almost all of us have sat in a math class, wondering when we'd ever need to know how to find the roots of a polynomial or graph imaginary numbers. And in one sense, we were right: if we needed to, we'd use a computer. But as Ian Stewart argues in What's the Use?, math isn't just about boring computations. Rather, it offers us new and profound insights into our world, allowing us to accomplish feats as significant as space exploration and organ donation. From the trigonometry that keeps a satellite in orbit to the prime numbers used by the world's most advanced security systems to the imaginary numbers that enable augmented reality, math isn't just relevant to our lives. It is the very fabric of our existence.
What's Your Digital Business Model?: Six Questions to Help You Build the Next-Generation Enterprise
by Peter Weill Stephanie Woerner<p>What is your digital business model? While many leaders of companies recognize the threat from digital--and the potential opportunity--they lack a common language or a compelling framework to help them assess it and, more importantly, to direct them. They don't know how to think about their digital business model. In this probing and practical book, Peter Weill and Stephanie Woerner provide much-needed tools, self-assessments, motivating examples, and key financial analyses of where the profits will likely be made. <p>Based on five years of study at the MIT Center for Information Systems Research, the book provides a powerful yet simple framework that has been field-tested globally with more than a dozen senior management teams. The authors found that digitization is moving companies' business models on two dimensions: from value chains to digital ecosystems, and from a fuzzy understanding of the needs of end customers to a sharper one. Looking at these dimensions in combination results in four distinct business models, each with different capabilities: (1) Supplier, (2) Omni-channel, (3) Modular Producer, and (4) Ecosystem Driver. The framework helps companies clarify where they are currently in an increasingly digital business landscape and highlights what's needed to move toward another, higher-value digital business model. <p>In meeting the growing challenge to "go digital," this smart book will help you grapple with the threats, respond to the opportunities, and create winning digital strategies.</p>
Wheat: Chemistry and Utilization
by Hugh Cornell Albert W. Hoveling"This book meets the need for a comprehensive, up-to-date review of wheat chemistry, processing and uses. It provides the reader with extensive new information on wheat components that will be useful in better commercial utilization of wheat and the formulation of new and upgraded wheat-based food products. The book serves as a one-volume information resource for all those involved in the research, development, formulation, and evaluation of wheat-based food products. From the Authors' PrefaceWheat continues to be one of the world's most important grains, especially as a food, where the unique properties of its products can be utilized to advantage. It provides an excellent example of a natural product from which a wide range of useful by-products can be made. This book discusses the components of the wheat kernel, which provide interesting examples of study of carbohydrate and protein chemistry, as well as lipids, minerals and vitamins. This book should serve as a useful reference for the cereal chemist, as well as chemists and food technologists in those industries in which by-products of flour are used, e.g., the confectionery industry in which modified starches and starch syrups are used. In addition, nutritionists, dieticians, and many kinds of researchers will find chapters of interest. Particular attention is given to particle-size determinations, an important area in food processing, and to the role of wheat proteins in gluten intolerance and wheat allergy. . . . Both the milling of wheat and flour quality are discussed in order to give the reader an idea of the distribution of the major components and the importance of proper size reduction. The book also has a chapter on wet milling of wheat flour . . . and chapters on the properties and uses of wheat starch, starch syrups, and chemically modified wheat starch.
Wheat: Environment, Food and Health
by Mike J. Gooding Peter R. ShewryWheat is produced on a greater area, grown over a wider geographic range, and traded internationally as a commodity more than any other arable crop. Wheat alone provides 20% of the calories and protein in the global human diet. Understanding the interactions between wheat production, the environment, and human nutrition is essential for meeting the demands of food security as we approach the middle of the 21st century. Wheat: Environment, Food and Health is written by two leading authorities in the field and offers insights into critical issues such as the sustainability of wheat production, the challenges of both mitigating and adapting to environmental change, and the effects of wheat consumption on human health. Covering a broad range of topics, the authors: Introduce the historical development and utilization of the wheat crop. Describe the factors affecting the quality and acceptability of wheat for different uses. Discuss the soil characteristics that are required for, and changed by, wheat production. Examine the water, temperature, and light requirements of wheat systems. Explore the methods and sustainability of plant breeding and farmer approaches to improving crop yields. Describe the development, structure, and composition of wheat grain. Discuss the contribution and impacts, both positive and negative, of wheat consumption on human health. • Discuss how modern technologies and new approaches are addressing the challenges of maintaining wheat production. Wheat: Environment, Food and Health is an essential resource for researchers and academics in disciplines including agriculture, plant biology, applied biology, botany, food science and nutrition, crop improvement, food security, environmental sustainability, and human health.
Wheat Diseases and Their Management
by Yeshwant Ramchandra MehtaWheat Diseases and Their Management addresses biotic and abiotic constrains to wheat production. Besides detailed illustrations and descriptions of the most important diseases of wheat in the world, it offers an updated view on the reemergence of some old diseases and the occurrence of new races of the pathogen. It deals with the sustainability of wheat production through precision agriculture and focuses on the importance of conservation tillage. The book also deals with pillars of integrated disease management which would be eco-friendly and reduce severity of diseases and yield losses, with acquired Latin-American experiences of more than 40 years.
Wheat Evolution and Domestication
by Moshe Feldman Avraham A. LevyThis open access book covers a century of research on wheat genetics and evolution, starting with the discovery in 1918 of the accurate number of chromosomes in wheat. We re-evaluate classical studies that are pillars of the current knowledge considering recent genomic data in the wheat group comprising 31 species from the genera Amblyopyrum, Aegilops, Triticum, and other more distant relatives. For these species, we describe morphology, ecogeographical distribution, phylogeny as well as cytogenetic and genomic features. For crops, we also address evolution under human selection, namely pre-domestication cultivation and domestication. We re-examine the genetic and archeological evidence of where, when, and how domestication occurred. We discuss unique aspects of genome evolution and maintenance under polyploidization, in natural and synthetic allopolyploids of the wheat group. Finally, we propose some thoughts on the future prospects of wheat improvement. As such, it can be of great interest to wheat researchers and breeders as well as to plant scientists and students interested in plant genetics, evolution, domestication, and polyploidy.
The Wheat Genome (Compendium of Plant Genomes)
by Rudi Appels Kellye Eversole Catherine Feuillet Dusti GallagherThis open access book provides the first comprehensive coverage of the wheat genome sequence since the publication of the draft and reference sequences for bread wheat and durum wheat. It presents an overview and all aspects of the gold standard sequence of the bread wheat genome, IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 and its subsequent improvements through 2022 (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1), as well as the sequencing of multiple elite wheat varieties, durum wheat, and ancient wheat. The book provides a broad and extensive review of the resources, tools, and methodologies available for exploiting the wheat genome sequence for crop improvement and studying fundamental questions related to the structure, function, and evolution of the wheat genome. Wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop in the world, contributing approximately 20 percent of total calories and more protein in human diets than any other single source. This book is useful to students, teachers, and scientists in academia and industry interested in gaining an understanding of the wheat genome and its application as well as plant scientists generally interested in polyploid plant species.
Wheat Improvement: Food Security in a Changing Climate
by Matthew P. Reynolds Hans-Joachim BraunThis open-access textbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date guide for students and practitioners wishing to access in a single volume the key disciplines and principles of wheat breeding. Wheat is a cornerstone of food security: it is the most widely grown of any crop and provides 20% of all human calories and protein. The authorship of this book includes world class researchers and breeders whose expertise spans cutting-edge academic science all the way to impacts in farmers’ fields. The book’s themes and authors were selected to provide a didactic work that considers the background to wheat improvement, current mainstream breeding approaches, and translational research and avant garde technologies that enable new breakthroughs in science to impact productivity. While the volume provides an overview for professionals interested in wheat, many of the ideas and methods presented are equally relevant to small grain cereals and crop improvement in general. The book is affordable, and because it is open access, can be readily shared and translated -- in whole or in part -- to university classes, members of breeding teams (from directors to technicians), conference participants, extension agents and farmers. Given the challenges currently faced by academia, industry and national wheat programs to produce higher crop yields --- often with less inputs and under increasingly harsher climates -- this volume is a timely addition to their toolkit.
Wheat Landraces
by Nusret Zencirci Faheem S. Baloch Ephrem Habyarimana Gyuhwa ChungLandraces possess a very large genetic base in population structure and are dynamic populations of cultivated plants with historical origin, distinct identity, and without any formal crop improvement. They are often genetically diverse, locally adapted, and associated with traditional farming systems. Resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stress factors, which are especially diversified in landraces, are of great interest to plant breeders, faced with global climate challenge. In addition, gene pools made of different landraces grown in different ecological conditions can be used for wheat breeding to enhance quality; yield and other desirable agricultural parameters. An estimated 75% of the genetic diversity of crop plants was lost in the last century due to the replacement of high yielding modern varieties. There is, thus, an urgent need to preserve existing species, not only for posterity but also as a means to secure food supply for a rising world population. In this book, we provide an overview of wheat landraces with special attention to genetic diversities, conservation, and utilization.
Wheat Montana Cookbook: Recipes From Our Bakery and Our Customers Using Wheat Montana Products
by Wheat MontanaFrom the book's back cover: You've enjoyed their famous wheat products for years. Now the folks at Wheat Montana share some of their favorite recipes from the Wheat Montana Bakery and Deli in Three Forks, Montana, their home kitchens, and their loyal customers. Learn how to make pillowy loaves of bread, cinnamon-sweetened rolls, robust chili, flavor-packed muffins and cakes, and much more using the hearty, healthy wheat and wheat products grown and developed on Wheat Montana Farms. This book presents the endless epicurean possibilities of wheat- the staff of life. Wheat Montana's Natural White® flour, Bronze Chief and Prairie Gold whole wheat flours, wheat berries, and 7-grain mix all flavor the recipes collected here-from soups to salads, biscotti to biscuits. [You won't want to miss Adah Horne's Quick Oatmeal Bread or Heidi Lutgen's Strudel. Yumm!]
Wheat Production in Changing Environments: Responses, Adaptation and Tolerance
by Mirza Hasanuzzaman Kamrun Nahar Md. Amzad HossainThis book presents recent advances in global wheat crop research, including the effects of abiotic stresses like high and low temperatures, drought, hypoxia, salinity, heavy metals, nutrient deficiency, and toxicity on wheat production. It also highlights various approaches to alleviate the damaging effects of abiotic stress on wheat as well as advanced approaches to develop abiotic-stress-tolerant wheat crops. Wheat is probably one of the world’s most important cereals; it is a staple food in more than 40 countries, and because of its adaptability is cultivated in almost every region. Global wheat production has more than doubled in the last 50 years due to higher yields. However, despite their high yield potential, modern wheat cultivars are often subject to crop loss due to the abiotic stresses. As such, plant breeders have long aimed to improve tolerance in order to maintain yield. Written by 85 experts, and offering the latest insights into wheat responses and tolerance to various abiotic stresses, it is a valuable tool for agronomists, plant breeders, plant physiologists and students in the field of plant science and agriculture. It is the first book to comprehensively cover past and current abiotic stress problems and tolerance mechanisms.
Wheat Quality For Improving Processing And Human Health
by Gilberto Igrejas Tatsuya M. Ikeda Carlos GuzmánWheat Quality for Improving Processing and Human Health brings together an international group of leading wheat scientists to outline highly relevant and diverse aspects and the latest advances in understanding of the world’s most consumed cereal. Topics covered include LMW glutenins, starch-related proteins, and the impact of processing on composition and consumer health. Individual chapters focus on important factors such as FODMAPs, protein structure, dough viscoelasticity and fumonisins. The environmental effects on allergen content are comprehensively covered, as are phenolic compounds and molecular markers. The major quality screening tools and genetic resources are reviewed in depth. Gluten is a major focus of this work with chapters dedicated to health effects, analytical methods and standards, proteomics and mutant proteins. Starting in 2015, wheat quality scientists from across the globe have united to develop the Expert Working Group for Improving Wheat Quality for Processing and Health under the umbrella of the Wheat Initiative. This joint effort provides a framework to establish strategic research and organisation priorities for wheat research at the international level in both developed and developing countries. This Expert Working Group aims to maintain and improve wheat quality for processing and health under varying environmental conditions. The Group focuses on a broad range of wheat quality issues including seed proteins, carbohydrates, nutrition quality and micronutrient content, grain processing and food safety. Bioactive compounds are also considered, both those with negative effects such as allergens and mycotoxins, and those with positive effects such as antioxidants and fibre. The Group also works in the development of germplasm sets and other tools that promote wheat quality research. Wheat quality specialists working on the wheat value chain, and nutritionists will find this book a useful resource to increase and update their knowledge of wheat quality, nutrition and health issues.
Wheat Rust Diseases
by Sambasivam PeriyannanThis volume presents a collection of tools currently used for the characterization of rust, the host plant wheat, and their interactions. This book is divided into five parts: Parts I and II discuss advanced techniques for characterizing rust pathogens in rust surveillance, genotyping, and molecular pathogenicity; Part III describes protocols for genetic analysis of rust resistance; Part IV covers methods on rust resistance gene cloning; and Part V talks about the isolation and screening of bacterial endophytes as biocontrol agents for rust disease management. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Wheat Rust Disease: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both established and novel wheat rust researchers and also the plant science and microbial research community.
Wheat Science: Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties, Processing, Storage, Bioactivity, and Product Development (Cereals)
by Om Prakash Gupta Sunil Kumar Anamika Pandey Mohd. Kamran Khan Sanjay Kumar Singh Gyanendra Pratap SinghGlobally, significant work has been done to enhance our current understanding of the nutritional and anti-nutritional properties, processing, storage, bioactivity, and product development of wheat, opening new frontiers for further improvement. Wheat Science: Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties, Processing, Storage, Bioactivity, and Product Development addresses the topics associated with the advances in understanding the wheat biochemical, nutritional, and rheological quality. Improving crop varieties by either conventional breeding or transgenic methods to obtain nutritionally enhanced crops has the advantage of making a one-time investment in research and development to have sustainable products. Features: Includes topics associated with the nutritional composition and anti-nutritional properties Addresses the effects of different processing technologies on flour yield and end products Reviews the effects of storage on nutritional, baking and rheological quality, organoleptic quality, etc. Processing and storage technologies have impacted the nutritional quality and the bioavailability of nutrients in wheat. Due to its peculiar grain protein composition, especially gluten protein, wheat has extensive usage in making numerous end products, eaten round the clock. Researchers have demonstrated a significant effect of alteration of flour-processing technologies on the rheological quality of end products. This book provides a holistic understanding and covers recent developments of wheat science under one umbrella. Emphasis is placed on current trends and advances in nutritional and anti-nutritional properties, processing, storage, bioactivity, and product development. Additionally, efforts have been made to compile the available information on the application of different ingredients of wheat in the industry and pharma sectors.
The Wheel: Inventions and Reinventions (Columbia Studies in International and Global History)
by Richard BullietIn this book, Richard W. Bulliet focuses on three major phases in the evolution of the wheel and their relationship to the needs and ambitions of human society. He begins in 4000 B.C.E. with the first wheels affixed to axles. He then follows with the innovation of wheels turning independently on their axles and concludes five thousand years later with the caster, a single rotating and pivoting wheel.Bulliet's most interesting finding is that a simple desire to move things from place to place did not drive the wheel's development. If that were the case, the wheel could have been invented at any time almost anywhere in the world. By dividing the history of this technology into three conceptual phases and focusing on the specific men, women, and societies that brought it about, Bulliet expands the social, economic, and political significance of a tool we only partially understand. He underscores the role of gender, combat, and competition in the design and manufacture of wheels, adding vivid imagery to illustrate each stage of their development.
The Wheel
by Richard W. BullietIn this book, Richard W. Bulliet focuses on three major phases in the evolution of the wheel and their relationship to the needs and ambitions of human society. He begins in 4000 B.C.E. with the first wheels affixed to axles. He then follows with the innovation of wheels turning independently on their axles and concludes five thousand years later with the caster, a single rotating and pivoting wheel. Bulliet's most interesting finding is that a simple desire to move things from place to place did not drive the wheel's development. If that were the case, the wheel could have been invented at any time almost anywhere in the world. By dividing the history of this technology into three conceptual phases and focusing on the specific men, women, and societies that brought it about, Bulliet expands the social, economic, and political significance of a tool we only partially understand. He underscores the role of gender, combat, and competition in the design and manufacture of wheels, adding vivid imagery to illustrate each stage of their development.