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Wind Resource Assessment
by Michael BrowerA practical, authoritative guide to the assessment of wind resources for utility-scale wind projects-authored by a team of experts from a leading renewable energy consultancyThe successful development of wind energy projects depends on an accurate assessment of where, how often, and how strongly the wind blows. A mistake in this stage of evaluation can cause severe financial losses and missed opportunities for developers, lenders, and investors.Wind Resource Assessment: A Practical Guide to Developing a Wind Project shows readers how to achieve a high standard of resource assessment, reduce the uncertainty associated with long-term energy performance, and maximize the value of their project assets. Beginning with the siting, installation, and operation of a high-quality wind monitoring program, this book continues with methods of data quality control and validation, extrapolating measurements from anemometer height to turbine height, adjusting short-term observations for historical climate conditions, and wind flow modeling to account for terrain and surface conditions.In addition, Wind Resource Assessment addresses special topics such as: Worker safety Data security Remote sensing technology (sodar and lidar) Offshore resource assessment Impacts of climate change Uncertainty estimation Plant design and energy production estimatioFilled with important information ranging from basic fundamentals of wind to cutting-edge research topics, and accompanied by helpful references and discussion questions, this comprehensive text-designed for an international audience-is a vital reference that promotes consistent standards for wind assessment across the industry.
Wind Resource Assessment and Micro-siting: Science and Engineering
by Matthew Huaiquan ZhangCovers all the key areas of wind resource assessment technologies from an engineer’s perspective Focuses on wind analysis for wind plant siting, design and analysis Addresses all aspects from atmospheric boundary layer characteristics, to wind resource measurement systems, uncertainties in measurements, computations and analyses, to plant performance Covers the basics of atmospheric science through to turbine siting, turbine responses, and to environmental impacts Contents can be used for research purposes as well as a go-to reference guide, written from the perspective of a hands-on engineer Topic is of ongoing major international interest for its economic and environmental benefits
Wind Science and Engineering: Origins, Developments, Fundamentals and Advancements (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)
by Giovanni SolariThis book provides an essential overview of wind science and engineering, taking readers on a journey through the origins, developments, fundamentals, recent advancements and latest trends in this broad field. Along the way, it addresses a diverse range of topics, including: atmospheric physics; meteorology; micrometeorology; climatology; the aerodynamics of buildings, aircraft, sailing boats, road vehicles and trains; wind energy; atmospheric pollution; soil erosion; snow drift, windbreaks and crops; bioclimatic city-planning and architecture; wind actions and effects on structures; and wind hazards, vulnerability and risk. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of wind and its manifold effects, the book combines scientific, descriptive and narrative chapters. The book is chiefly intended for students and lecturers, for those who want to learn about the genesis and evolution of this topic, and for the multitude of scholars whose work involves the wind.
Wind Towers
by Mehdi N. Bahadori Alireza Dehghani-Sanij Ali SayighThis unique volume provides the only holistic treatment of wind towers, a core aspect of sustainable architecture in hot, arid climates. The authors explain how traditional incarnations of these structures provide significant decreases in energy consumption through their use of renewable wind resources to cool buildings and water storage facilities. Beginning with the underlying scientific principles, the design and operation of wind towers is explained in depth and suggestions for optimization are provided, supported by the authors' findings from recent analytical studies.
Wind Tunnel Balances (Experimental Fluid Mechanics)
by Klaus HufnagelThis Handbook helps to design and build any kind of force measurement equipment for the use in a wind tunnel. It is of interest to those who want to build multi-component force measurement sensors for other applications as well. The book describes the basic relations for the design and presents handbook formulas that can be used to perform a primary determination of main dimensions of a specified multi-component force sensor. This Handbook describes material and manufacturing particularities, instrumentation techniques and methods for the compensation of environmental influences. It also discusses calibration problems of multi-component force sensors and methods for the evaluation of the data.
Wind Tunnel Testing of High-Rise Buildings: An Output Of The Ctbuh Wind Engineering Working Group
by David Scott Peter Irwin Roy DenoonSince the 1960s, wind tunnel testing has become a commonly used tool in the design of tall buildings. It was pioneered, in large part, during the design of the World Trade Center Towers in New York. Since those early days of wind engineering, wind tunnel testing techniques have developed in sophistication, but these techniques are not widely understood by the designers using the results. As a direct result, the CTBUH Wind Engineering Working Group was formed to develop a concise guide for the non-specialist. The primary goal of this guide is to provide an overview of the wind tunnel testing process for design professionals. This knowledge allows readers to ask the correct questions of their wind engineering consultants throughout the design process. This is not an in-depth guide to the technical intricacies of wind tunnel testing, it focusses instead on the information the design community needs, including: a unique methodology for the presentation of wind tunnel results to allow straightforward comparison of results from different wind tunnel laboratories. advice on when a tall building is likely to be sufficiently sensitive to wind effects to benefit from a wind tunnel test background for assessing whether design codes and standards are applicable details of the types of tests that are commonly conducted descriptions of the fundamentals of wind climate and the interaction of wind and tall buildings This unique book is an essential guide for all designers of tall buildings, and anyone else interested in the process of wind tunnel testing for tall buildings.
Wind Turbine Aerodynamic Performance Calculation
by Tongguang Wang Wei Zhong Yaoru Qian Chengyong ZhuThis book deals with horizontal-axis wind turbine aerodynamic performance prediction methods. It focuses on the traditional and newly-developed methods for the wind turbine aerodynamic performance calculation. The fundamental theories of fluid mechanics essential for understanding the other parts of this book are firstly introduced in Part I, followed by the blade element momentum theory in Part II, with special attentions to a systematic review of various correction models. Part III is mainly about the prescribed and free vortex wake methods, while the state-of-art computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are detailed in Part IV.Part III thoroughly describes the prescribed and free vortex wake methods which are still of great importance towards realistic investigation of wind turbine performance. Despite the highly computational cost, the CFD methods in Part IV have received increasing interest from the academic community since they provide more detailed information about the flow field around the wind turbine. This has shed a light in combination with the correction models introduced in Part II on more advanced research for wind turbine.This book is intended for researchers and students interested in aerodynamics of wind turbine and is particularly suitable for practicing engineers in wind energy. Readers can gain a comprehensive understanding in both classical and up-to-date methods for the study of wind turbine aerodynamics. The authors hope that this book can promote the research and development of wind turbines.
Wind Turbine Control and Monitoring
by Ningsu Luo Yolanda Vidal Leonardo AchoMaximizing reader insights into the latest technical developments and trends involving wind turbine control and monitoring, fault diagnosis, and wind power systems, 'Wind Turbine Control and Monitoring' presents an accessible and straightforward introduction to wind turbines, but also includes an in-depth analysis incorporating illustrations, tables and examples on how to use wind turbine modeling and simulation software. Featuring analysis from leading experts and researchers in the field, the book provides new understanding, methodologies and algorithms of control and monitoring, computer tools for modeling and simulation, and advances the current state-of-the-art on wind turbine monitoring and fault diagnosis; power converter systems; and cooperative & fault-tolerant control systems for maximizing the wind power generation and reducing the maintenance cost. This book is primarily intended for researchers in the field of wind turbines, control, mechatronics and energy; postgraduates in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering; and graduate and senior undergraduate students in engineering wishing to expand their knowledge of wind energy systems. The book will also interest practicing engineers dealing with wind technology who will benefit from the comprehensive coverage of the theoretic control topics, the simplicity of the models and the use of commonly available control algorithms and monitoring techniques.
Wind Turbines in Cold Climates
by Lorenzo BattistiThis book addresses the key concerns regarding the operation of wind turbines in cold climates and focuses in particular on the analysis of icing and methods for its mitigation. Topics covered include the implications of cold climates for wind turbine design and operation, the relevance of icing for wind turbines, the icing process itself, ice prevention systems and thermal anti-icing system design. In each chapter, care is taken to build systematically on the basic knowledge, providing the reader with the level of detail required for a thorough understanding. An important feature is the inclusion of several original analytical and numerical models for ready computation of icing impacts and design assessment. The breadth of the coverage and the in-depth scientific analysis, with calculations and worked examples relating to both fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, ensure that the book will serve not only as a textbook but also as a practical manual for general design tasks.
Wind Wizard
by Siobhan RobertsWith Wind Wizard, Siobhan Roberts brings us the story of Alan Davenport (1932-2009), the father of modern wind engineering, who investigated how wind navigates the obstacle course of the earth's natural and built environments--and how, when not properly heeded, wind causes buildings and bridges to teeter unduly, sway with abandon, and even collapse. In 1964, Davenport received a confidential telephone call from two engineers requesting tests on a pair of towers that promised to be the tallest in the world. His resulting wind studies on New York's World Trade Center advanced the art and science of wind engineering with one pioneering innovation after another. Establishing the first dedicated "boundary layer" wind tunnel laboratory for civil engineering structures, Davenport enabled the study of the atmospheric region from the earth's surface to three thousand feet, where the air churns with turbulent eddies, the average wind speed increasing with height. The boundary layer wind tunnel mimics these windy marbled striations in order to test models of buildings and bridges that inevitably face the wind when built. Over the years, Davenport's revolutionary lab investigated and improved the wind-worthiness of the world's greatest structures, including the Sears Tower, the John Hancock Tower, Shanghai's World Financial Center, the CN Tower, the iconic Golden Gate Bridge, the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, the Sunshine Skyway, and the proposed crossing for the Strait of Messina, linking Sicily with mainland Italy. Chronicling Davenport's innovations by analyzing select projects, this popular-science book gives an illuminating behind-the-scenes view into the practice of wind engineering, and insight into Davenport's steadfast belief that there is neither a structure too tall nor too long, as long as it is supported by sound wind science.
Windfall: How the New Energy Abundance Upends Global Politics and Strengthens America's Power
by Meghan L. O'SullivanWindfall is the boldest profile of the world’s energy resources since Daniel Yergin’s The Quest. Harvard professor and former Washington policymaker Meghan L. O’Sullivan reveals how fears of energy scarcity have given way to the reality of energy abundance. This abundance is transforming the geo-political order and boosting American power.As a new administration focuses on raising American energy production, O’Sullivan’s Windfall describes how new energy realities have profoundly affected the world of international relations and security. New technologies led to oversupplied oil markets and an emerging natural gas glut. This did more than drive down prices. It changed the structure of markets and altered the way many countries wield power and influence. America’s new energy prowess has global implications. It transforms politics in Russia, Europe, China, and the Middle East. O’Sullivan explains the consequences for each region’s domestic stability as energy abundance upends traditional partnerships, creates opportunities for cooperation. The advantages of this new abundance are greater than its downside for the US: it strengthens American hard and soft power. This powerful book describes how new energy realities creates a strategic environment to America’s advantage.
The Winding Stair: Francis Bacon, His Rise and Fall
by Daphne Du Maurier"Unlike many authors of popular historical biographies, du Maurier resembled Antonia Fraser in being an indefatigable researcher." --Francis King Many accounts of the life of Francis Bacon have been written for scholars. But du Maurier's aim in this biography was to illuminate the many facets of Bacon's remarkable personality for the common reader. To her book she brought the same gifts of imagination and perception that made her earlier biography, Golden Lads, so immensely readable, skillfully threading into her narrative extracts from contemporary documents and from Bacon's own writings, and setting her account of his life within a vivid contemporary framework.
Windkraftanlagen: Systemauslegung, Netzintegration und Regelung
by Siegfried HeierDie Windenergie hat bei der Elektrizitätserzeugung bereits in drei Bundesländern einen Beitrag von etwa 40 % erreicht und die Wasserkraft weit übertroffen. Mit dieser großtechnischen Anwendung erlangt die Verträglichkeit der Windkraftanlagen mit der Natur und Umwelt sowie mit dem Elektrizitätsnetz zunehmend an Bedeutung. Das Buch beantwortet die Frage, wie Windkraftanlagen durch Regelung und Führung den Eigenschaften konventioneller Kraftwerke näher gebracht werden können. Dabei werden die Turbine, der Generator, die Regelung sowie die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Komponenten maßgeblich betrachtet. Dazu kommt die Integration der Anlagen in die Elektrizitätsnetze sowie zahlreiche Betriebsergebnisse und Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtungen. Die 5. Auflage ist um das Thema "Offshore" erweitert.
Windmills and Wind Motors: How to Build and Run Them
by F. E. PowellFree, clean, and sustainable energy: wind power is an essential resource everyone can harness. This comprehensive and compact historical work provides everything you need to learn about the theory and construction of everyday windmills, from small ones intended solely as models to those large enough to generate electricity. Powell provides all the necessities to get you on your way, including detailed, step-by-step instructions, illustrations, and designs for every part of the project.Types of windmill projects include:A model windmill with sails two feet acrossA working windmill with sails six feet across, suitable for pumping waterA practical windmill with sails ten feet across, capable of producing up to one-half horse power and able to run light machineryFor those interested in developing alternate, off-the-grid sources of energy, or even those who like to build for fun, Windmills and Wind Motors is a classic, useful guide to harnessing wind power.
Window Functions and Their Applications in Signal Processing
by K. M. PrabhuWindow functions—otherwise known as weighting functions, tapering functions, or apodization functions—are mathematical functions that are zero-valued outside the chosen interval. They are well established as a vital part of digital signal processing. Window Functions and their Applications in Signal Processing presents an exhaustive and detailed account of window functions and their applications in signal processing, focusing on the areas of digital spectral analysis, design of FIR filters, pulse compression radar, and speech signal processing. Comprehensively reviewing previous research and recent developments, this book: Provides suggestions on how to choose a window function for particular applications Discusses Fourier analysis techniques and pitfalls in the computation of the DFT Introduces window functions in the continuous-time and discrete-time domains Considers two implementation strategies of window functions in the time- and frequency domain Explores well-known applications of window functions in the fields of radar, sonar, biomedical signal analysis, audio processing, and synthetic aperture radar
Windows 10: Learn Tips And Tricks On Using Windows 10 Operating System
by Blerton AbaziWindows 10 Learn tips and trick on using Windows 10 operating system
Windows 10 for the Internet of Things: Controlling Internet-Connected Devices from Raspberry Pi
by Charles BellManage and control Internet-connected devices from Windows and Raspberry Pi. Master the Windows 10 IoT Core application programming interface and feature set to develop Internet of Things applications on the Raspberry Pi using your Windows and .NET programming skills. New in this edition is coverage of enterprise-level tools and features in the Windows 10 IoT Enterprise server operating system, allowing you to manage IoT solutions having large numbers of devices and to deploy applications to enterprise-grade hardware. Windows 10 for the Internet of Things presents a set of example projects covering a wide range of techniques designed specifically to jump start your own Internet of Things creativity. You'll learn everything you need to know about Windows IoT Core to develop Windows and IoT applications that run on single board computers such as the Raspberry Pi. You’ll learn to develop for the Raspberry PI using native Windows and all the related programming skills that you have built up from developing desktop and mobile applications. This book provides just the help you need to get started in putting your Windows skills to use in a burgeoning new world of development for small devices that are ubiquitously connected to the Internet.What You Will LearnKnow Windows 10 on the Raspberry PiRead sensor data and control actuatorsConnect to and transmit data into the cloudRemotely control your devices from any Windows deviceDevelop IOT applications under Windows using C#, C++, and Visual BasicStore your IOT data in a database for later analysisWho This Book Is ForDevelopers and enthusiasts wanting to take their skills in Windows development and connect everyday devices to the Internet by developing for Windows 10 IoT Core. Readers learn to develop in C#, C++, and Visual Basic using Visual Studio, for deployment on devices such as the Raspberry Pi.
Windows 10 in Depth (Second Edition)
by Brian Knittel Paul McFedriesExperienced with Windows? Don’t let Windows 10 make you feel like a beginner again! This book is packed with intensely useful knowledge, tips, and shortcuts you just won’t find anywhere else. It’s the fastest, best way to master Windows 10’s full power, revamped interface, and new tools—from the reconfigured Start menu to the Cortana personal assistant. This friendly, expert guide will make Windows 10 way more productive, painless, and fun, whether you’re running it on a computer or a tablet…at home, at work, on the road, anywhere!
Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art, and the Myth of Transparency
by Jay David Bolter Diane GromalaThe relationship of digital art to innovation in the practice of design is the subject of Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art, and the Myth of Transparency by Jay David Bolter and Diane Gromala. Centered on a conception of art practice that emphasizes the function of experimental forms, Gromala and Bolter postulate that digital art can directly inform the trajectory of interaction design. By shaping a discourse around issues of artistic practice, Windows and Mirrors is an analysis of the material engagement and desire to define the computer as media.
The Windows Screen Reader Primer: All the Basics and More
by David KingsburyFor those with visual impairments, screen reader software is crucial for living in today’s world. Keeping up to date with changes when applications are updated is critical to being an independent computer user. Authored by an Assistive Technology Instructor at the Carroll Center for the Blind in Massachusetts, the book is meant to help JAWS, NVDA, and Windows Narrator users work more effectively with the most important Windows-based applications—the Microsoft Office suite, popular web browsers, cloud sharing apps, Zoom for meetings, and more. The book is intended for both beginners and intermediate users. While all the basics are covered, those already possessing a fair amount of experience using screen reader programs in the Windows environment will find useful tools and techniques to further enhance their skills.
Windpower Ownership in Sweden: Business models and motives
by Tore WizeliusWindpower is a modular technology, and compared to most other power plants also rather small scale. Wind turbines are installed to the distribution grid, which is called distributed generation. Ownership and revenues can be distributed as well, using the right ownership models. Several different ownership models, used in different countries, like windpower cooperatives, local limited companies, net-accounting models etc. are described. These models can be used to make windpower become community power, and/or consumer owned power, and produce power for these owners at cost price. To wait for the international community to agree on international treaties to create a renewable energy system, takes too long. The climate disaster will inevitably happen. To speed up the transition to a renewable energy system, development has to come from below, from local communities, which can initiate and invest in windpower and other renewables. At the same time to get off from the oligopolistic electric power market and produce power at cost price is a good business.
Windup in Control Owing to Sensor Saturation (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Peter HippeThis brief presents methods for anti-windup control in the presence of saturating sensors, arbitrary external reference inputs, and constant or step-like disturbance inputs. It also offers techniques to assure windup prevention when both the input and the output signals are limited and this for systems with one input (SISO) and multiple inputs (MIMO). The emphasis in both is on real-world practicality rather than rigorously proven stability.Two novel solutions for anti-windup control are explored. The first approach, for SISO systems only, follows the classic design paradigm of anti-windup control: design an arbitrary linear compensator and add appropriate measures for their prevention if saturation causes stability problems. This uses a saturation indicator detecting the presence, but not the extent of saturation. The second methodology uses a compensator design that assures the desired rejection of persistent disturbances without jeopardizing closed-loop stability, and can be applied to SISO and MIMO systems alike. Containing worked examples that can be reproduced by the reader, illustrative simulations, and open problems for future research, Windup in Control Owing to Sensor Saturation will be of interest to both academics and engineers in the fields of control and process industries.
Wine: Flavour Chemistry
by Jokie Bakker Ronald J. ClarkeWine Flavour Chemistry brings together a vast wealth of information describing components of wine, their underlying chemistry and their possible role in the taste, smell and overall perception. It includes both table wines and fortified wines, such as Sherry, Port and the newly added Madeira, as well as other special wines. This fully revised and updated edition includes new information also on retsina wines, rosés, organic and reduced alcohol wines, and has been expanded with coverage of the latest research. Both EU and non-EU countries are referred to, making this book a truly global reference for academics and enologists worldwide. Wine Flavour Chemistry is essential reading for all those involved in commercial wine making, whether in production, trade or research. The book is of great use and interest to all enologists, and to food and beverage scientists and technologists working in commerce and academia. Upper level students and teachers on enology courses will need to read this book: wherever food and beverage science, technology and chemistry are taught, libraries should have multiple copies of this important book.
Wine: A Scientific Exploration
by Merton Sandler Roger PinderInterest in wine science has grown enormously over the last two decades as the health benefits of moderate wine consumption have become firmly established in preventing heart disease, stroke, cancer and dementia. The growth of molecular biology has allowed proper investigation of grapevine identity and lineage and led to improvements in the winemak
Wine (Idiot's Guides)
by Stacy SlinkardThere's a lot to know about wine, but Idiot's Guides: Wine makes learning easy! This beautiful full-color book opens with an introduction to wine — including how it's made and the various types of grapes and wines available. Additional easy-to-understand content clearly shows you how to read a wine label and how to taste wine. The author explains how to buy wine, serve wine at home, order it at restaurants, and perfectly pair it with different types of food. From there, you are taken on a tour of the world's wines, region by region, from Europe, to the southern hemisphere, to North and South America.