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Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound
by John L. Butler Charles H. ShermanThis improved and updated second edition covers the theory, development, and design of electro-acoustic transducers for underwater applications. This highly regarded text discusses the basics of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are currently being used as well as promising new designs. It presents the basic acoustics as well as the specific acoustics data needed in transducer design and evaluation. A broad range of designs of projectors and hydrophones are described in detail along with methods of modeling, evaluation, and measurement. Analysis of projector and hydrophone transducer arrays, including the effects of mutual radiation impedance and numerical models for elements and arrays, are also covered. The book includes new advances in transducer design and transducer materials and has been completely reorganized to be suitable for use as a textbook, as well as a reference or handbook. The new edition contains corrections to the first edition, end-of-chapter exercises, and solutions to selected exercises. Each chapter includes a short introduction, end-of-chapter summary, and an extensive reference list offering the reader more detailed information and historical context. A glossary of key terms is also included at the end.
Transducers in Mechanical and Electronic Design
by Harry I. TrietleyThis book presents to the design engineer the transducers and measurement techniques available, and evaluates their features and drawbacks. It is written for the instrument and systems designer, not the theoretician.
Transfer Of Pollution Prevention Technologies
by Committee to Evaluate Transfer of Pollution Prevention Technology for the U.S. ArmyThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
Transfer and Stockpiling Operations in the Crude Oil Refining Industry
by Marcio Wagner da SilvaTransfer and Stockpiling Operations in the Crude Oil Refining Industry provides an overview of crude oil refining processes highlighting stockpiling operations, which unfortunately tend to be underestimated in comparison with processing units operations like FCC and hydrotreating. The book presents a deep analysis of the current context and challenges imposed on players in the downstream industry and how the stockpiling operations can help the refiners achieve flexibility and better competitive positioning. How stockpiling managers can use their knowledge to call attention to stockpiling assets and manage process safety and performance adequately is described. This book:• Offers a simplified approach to crude oil refining processes.• Discusses economic information related to the downstream business and the role of stockpiling operations in the refining business.• Introduces newer trends in the industry, such as synergy between FCC and hydrocracking technologies as a strategy to maximize profitability and modern naphtha alkylation technologies as a safety route to achieve high quality and low sulfur gasoline.• Presents challenges related to adequate process safety and asset management in stockpiling operations.• Describes the main interfaces between the stockpiling operations of a crude oil refinery and relevant areas like midstream companies and how to manage this relation.Offering a contemporary view of current challenges and opportunities in the downstream oil and gas business, this practical book is aimed at readers working in the fields of petroleum and chemical engineering, calling attention to the relevance of stockpiling operations to the global results of the refineries.
Transfer of Substance in Vortex and Wave Flows in One-Component and Multi-component Environment (Earth and Environmental Sciences Library)
by Tatiana ChaplinaThe study of vortex and wave flows is one of the traditional problems of fluid mechanics, the practical importance of which has grown significantly in recent years. Consideration of the processes of substance transfer in such complex systems as natural water bodies is fraught with many difficulties of a methodological and fundamental nature: the extreme complexity of conducting a full-scale experiment, the complexity and variability of hydrophysical fields of the ocean and hydrometeorological conditions during research, and also, in some cases, the complexity and the variability of the properties of the transferred substance. In this connection, it is of particular interest to study the transfer of markers in stationary vortex and wave flows, which can form in laboratory facilities with constant external conditions. In this case, it is possible to avoid problems associated with the spatial and temporal variability of natural sources of vortex formations and directly trace the dependence of the characteristic flow parameters or the characteristics of the movement of solid or other objects placed during. This book presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the dynamics and structure of multiphase vortex flows and the nature of the transfer of three types of markers: solid-state (ice, plastic), immiscible with water (oil, oil, diesel) and soluble (aniline dyes, uranyl). The results will be important, first of all, for a better understanding of the behavior of various impurities in the circulation flows and more accurate prediction of their distribution in natural conditions (in a stratified hydrosphere and atmosphere).
Transferable Groundwater Rights: Integrating Hydrogeology, Law and Economics (Earthscan Studies in Water Resource Management)
by Andreas N. CharalambousThe principle of transferable groundwater rights is that by making water rights capable of being traded in the market, water resources can be used more sustainably and efficiently. Groundwater would achieve its economic value, by switching from the high volume-low value irrigation, which is prevalent with many farmers, particularly in South Asia, to low volume-high value urban supply or the growing of intensive horticultural or cash crops. This book discusses transferable groundwater rights in their broader context. It starts with a detailed description of the physical aspects of groundwater, which non-technical readers should find useful, followed by a discussion of legal and economic aspects. Water transfers and the international experiences in transferable groundwater rights are dealt with in detail in two subsequent chapters. A model is presented to guide those involved in water resources management and planning in their decision process to introduce transferable groundwater rights and water rights trading. The author concludes that transferable groundwater rights potentially offer a better alternative to land-based water rights systems. However, he casts serious doubt on whether groundwater rights trading on its own can achieve water resources sustainability, environmental protection and social equity. Government intervention seems to be almost always needed to assist the water rights market and take responsibility for any of its adverse consequences.
Transferring Human Impedance Regulation Skills to Robots
by Arash AjoudaniThis book introduces novel thinking and techniques to the control of robotic manipulation. In particular, the concept of teleimpedance control as an alternative method to bilateral force-reflecting teleoperation control for robotic manipulation is introduced. In teleimpedance control, a compound reference command is sent to the slave robot including both the desired motion trajectory and impedance profile, which are then realized by the remote controller. This concept forms a basis for the development of the controllers for a robotic arm, a dual-arm setup, a synergy-driven robotic hand, and a compliant exoskeleton for improved interaction performance.
Transformation Electromagnetics and Metamaterials: Fundamental Principles and Applications
by Douglas H. Werner Do-Hoon KwonTransformation electromagnetics is a systematic design technique for optical and electromagnetic devices that enables novel wave-material interaction properties. The associated metamaterials technology for designing and realizing optical and electromagnetic devices can control the behavior of light and electromagnetic waves in ways that have not been conventionally possible. The technique is credited with numerous novel device designs, most notably the invisibility cloaks, perfect lenses and a host of other remarkable devices. Transformation Electromagnetics and Metamaterials: Fundamental Principles and Applications presents a comprehensive treatment of the rapidly growing area of transformation electromagnetics and related metamaterial technology with contributions on the subject provided by a collection of leading experts from around the world. On the theoretical side, the following questions will be addressed: "Where does transformation electromagnetics come from?," "What are the general material properties for different classes of coordinate transformations?," "What are the limitations and challenges of device realizations?," and "What theoretical tools are available to make the coordinate transformation-based designs more amenable to fabrication using currently available techniques?" The comprehensive theoretical treatment will be complemented by device designs and/or realizations in various frequency regimes and applications including acoustic, radio frequency, terahertz, infrared, and the visible spectrum. The applications encompass invisibility cloaks, gradient-index lenses in the microwave and optical regimes, negative-index superlenses for sub-wavelength resolution focusing, flat lenses that produce highly collimated beams from an embedded antenna or optical source, beam concentrators, polarization rotators and splitters, perfect electromagnetic absorbers, and many others. This book will serve as the authoritative reference for students and researchers alike to the fast-evolving and exciting research area of transformation electromagnetics/optics, its application to the design of revolutionary new devices, and their associated metamaterial realizations.
Transformation Processes of Metals in Urban Road Dust: Implications for Stormwater Reuse (SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology)
by Ashantha Goonetilleke Prasanna Egodawatta Buddhi Wijesiri Ayomi Jayarathne Godwin A AyokoThis book discusses the physicochemical changes (transformations) that metals deposited on urban road surfaces undergo during dry weather periods, in order to provide insights into their potential impacts on stormwater quality. Based on extensive field experiments, and laboratory and data analyses, it examines transformation characteristics of metals with respect to the particle size of road dust, antecedent dry days and land uses. Further, it proposes a new risk-assessment methodology, improving the original human health-risk indices based on the transformation characteristics and potential bioavailability of metals in order to evaluate the risks posed by metals in stormwater. This book is of interest to researchers and decision-makers developing appropriate pollution mitigation measures to enhance the quality of stormwater, targeting the effective reuse of stormwater in urban areas.
Transformation Thermotics and Extended Theories: Inside and Outside Metamaterials
by Ji-Ping Huang Liu-Jun XuThis open access book describes the theory of transformation thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic thermal phenomena of natural systems. This monograph consists of two parts, i.e., inside and outside metamaterials, and covers the basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to understand the thermal problems extensively investigated in physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical techniques accompanied by computer simulations and laboratory experiments. This monograph can not only be a bridge linking three first-class disciplines, i.e., physics, thermophysics, and materials science, but also contribute to interdisciplinary development.
Transformation Toughening Of Ceramics
by David J. GreenThe aim of this book is to provide a coherent and up-to-date discussion of the scientific work concerning the transformation toughening of ceramics. We hope the book is useful to scientists, engineers and students who are new to these materials. It is intended both as a source of learning and information to those who are new to these materials. It is intended both as a source of learning behaviour and microstructural relationships in transformation-toughened ceramics. While it has been our aim to present a book that is current as possible at the time of publication, the subject is still expanding in many areas; so our hope is that the reader will also gain an insight into the direction of future advances.
Transformation Towards Circular Food Systems: Sustainable, Smart and Resilient Citrus Supply Chains in Mediterranean Areas (Greening of Industry Networks Studies #13)
by Ani Melkonyan-Gottschalk Denis DausThis book opens up horizons for designing innovative supply chains of citrus by-products, taking into consideration the current socio-economic situation of the actors, citrus production and distribution infrastructure, consumer preferences, and digitization progress at farmer and production levels. Moreover, the book aims to facilitate an interdisciplinary and systemic understanding of the challenges and opportunities within citrus supply chains, promoting collaborative efforts towards a more sustainable future. While sustainability in food supply chains is a global concern, the book specifically concentrates on the unique challenges and opportunities faced in the Mediterranean region. The diverse climatic conditions, cultural nuances, and market dynamics in this region require context-specific solutions, making this focus a valuable aspect of the book, while keeping the link to the global view on food supply chains. The book emphasizes evidence-based practices and encourages readers to implement data-driven approaches to enhance the sustainability, resilience, and circularity of food supply chains. To facilitate the implementation of data-driven solutions, the authors use advanced data analytics methodologies to forecast crop yields accurately (considering local agrometeorological, soil, typology conditions), optimize supply chain processes (traceability of the citrus by-products, enhancement of production processes through technology overhauling), and minimize crop wastage, while opening new markets for citrus by-products. These data-driven solutions empower stakeholders with valuable insights to make informed decisions and achieve operational excellence, meanwhile offering healthy and sustainable nutrition to the consumers. Beyond theoretical discussions, the book offers practical insights and real-world case studies that highlight successful sustainable practices implemented by various stakeholders in the citrus supply chain. These examples serve as inspirations for readers to initiate positive changes within their own organizations, countries, and cities through implementation of interdisciplinary and systemic transformation pathways within food systems.
Transformation and Upgrading of Chinese Enterprises
by Yunshi MaoThis book discusses the experience of enterprise transformation and upgrading and the role of government in promoting this dramatic change in Asian emerging economies. The author specifically explores the direction, influencing factors, paths and modes of enterprise transformation and upgrading by conducting intensive case studies on a number of enterprises having accomplished upgrading in mainland China and Taiwan, and draws experience and lessons from them. These theoretical and practical insights have great significance for Chinese enterprises in improving their ability to respond to drastic external changes and provide useful reference for the formulation of government policies.
Transformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide
by Bhalchandra M. Bhanage Masahiko AraiTransformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide shows the various organic, polymeric and inorganic compounds which result from the transformation of carbon dioxide through chemical, photocatalytic, electrochemical, inorganic and biological processes. The book consists of twelve chapters demonstrating interesting examples of these reactions, depending on the types of reaction and catalyst. It also includes two chapters dealing with the utilization of carbon dioxide as a reaction promoter and presents a wide range of examples of chemistry and chemical engineering with carbon dioxide. Transformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide is a collective work of reviews illustrative of recent advances in the transformation and utilization of carbon dioxide. This book is interesting and useful to a wide readership in the various fields of chemical science and engineering. Bhalchandra Bhanage is a professor of industrial and engineering chemistry at Institute of Chemical Technology, India. Masahiko Arai is a professor of chemical engineering at Hokkaido University, Japan.
Transformation der hydrostatischen Antriebstechnik zur E-Mobilität
by Wolfgang WiestDieses Lehr- und Fachbuch dient als Leitfaden für die Transformation zur Projektierung von E-Mobilitätssystemen als Substitution von hydrostatischen Antriebssystemen im Kontext der E-Mobilität. Es zeigt auf, welche Rahmenbedingungen bei der Transformation vorhanden sein und beachtet werden müssen und welche zusätzlichen technischen Potentiale im Vergleich zu den bisherigen hydraulischen Antriebsstrukturen nutzbar sind. Da zukünftig beide Systeme erforderlich sind, kommt einer Plattformstruktur besondere Bedeutung zu. In diesem Buch werden entsprechende Optionen dargestellt und erläutert. Zielgruppe sind Studierende an den Technischen Hochschulen und Universitäten aber auch Mitarbeitende in Konstruktions- und Entwicklungsabteilungen der Fahrzeugindustrie.
Transformation of Agri-Food Systems
by Himanshu Pathak K. C. Bansal W. S. LakraThis edited volume covers all major topics related to agri-food transformation towards sustainability in this era of climate change. The topics cover field crops, horticultural crops, livestock sector, nutritional aspects, application of latest field-based technologies, and agriculture related policies and institutions.Some of the key topics are: Innovations for Reconfiguring Food Systems; Transforming High-value Food Commodities; Demand-Supply of Agri-food Commodities; Balancing Human Demand and Ecological Sustainability; International Partnership for Transformation of Agri-Food Systems; Transforming Animal Health and Aquatic Food Systems for Food Security; Climate Resilient Agriculture; Addressing Nutritional Security through Natural Resource Management; Water Harvesting and Improving Water Productivity; Combating Micronutrient Deficiencies; Plant Genetic Resources for Food Security and Nutrition; Genome Editing for Crop Improvement; and Biosafety and Socioeconomic Considerations.Written by experts, this book serves in exchanging and sharing the latest research findings, ideas and experiences on all aspects of agri-food systems to enable the formulation of the ways forward to transform our agri-food system to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations by 2030. The target audience include academicians, researchers, students, farmers, entrepreneurs, policy makers, and others.
Transformation of Transportation (EcoProduction)
by Marjana Petrović Luka NovačkoThis book features original scientific manuscripts submitted for publication at the International Conference – The Science and Development of Transport (ZIRP 2020), organized by University of Zagreb, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, Zagreb, and held in Šibenik, Croatia, from 29th to 30th September 2020. The conference brought together scientists and practitioners to share innovative solutions available to everyone. Presenting the latest scientific research, case studies and best practices in the fields of transport and logistics, the book covers topics such as sustainable urban mobility and logistics, safety and policy, data science, process automation, and inventory forecasting, improving competitiveness in the transport and logistics services market and increasing customer satisfaction. The book is of interest to experienced researchers and professionals as well as Ph.D. students in the fields of transport and logistics.
Transformation radioaktiver Abfälle: Von der Zwischenlagerung über die Endlagerung bis zur Transmutation (Energie in Naturwissenschaft, Technik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft)
by Wolfgang Osterhage Hartmut FreyDieses Buch gibt einen Überblick über den Umgang mit radioaktiven Reststoffen. Es zeigt auf, welche Quellen für radioaktive Abfälle es gibt, wie die Optionen Zwischenlagerung und Endlagerung gestalte sind, sowie, welche Problem sich aus dem Transport radioaktiver Stoffe ergeben. Schließlich beschreibt es noch die Möglichkeit der Transmutation - also die Elementumwandlung durch gezielte Kernreaktionen - und eine dazugehörige Anwendung.
Transformation radioaktiver Abfälle: Von der Zwischenlagerung über die Endlagerung bis zur Transmutation (Energie in Naturwissenschaft, Technik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft)
by Wolfgang Osterhage Hartmut FreyDieses Buch gibt einen Überblick über den Umgang mit radioaktiven Reststoffen. Es zeigt auf, welche Quellen für radioaktive Abfälle es gibt, wie die Optionen Zwischenlagerung und Endlagerung gestalte sind, sowie, welche Problem sich aus dem Transport radioaktiver Stoffe ergeben. Schließlich beschreibt es noch die Möglichkeit der Transmutation - also die Elementumwandlung durch gezielte Kernreaktionen - und eine dazugehörige Anwendung.
Transformation zur Circular Economy: Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen im Wandel begleiten (Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) – Umsetzung in Praxis, Lehre und Entscheidungsprozessen)
by Sabine Büttner Uwe Handmann Wolfgang IrrekIn den Beiträgen dieses Buches werden Herangehensweisen, Werkzeuge und Erfolgsfaktoren für die Sensibilisierung und den Wissenstransfer ebenso wie technische Verfahren und Good-Practice-Beispiele vorgestellt, wie sie im Projekt „Prosperkolleg – Transformationsforschung zur zirkulären Wertschöpfung“ entwickelt und exemplarisch in der Region Emscher-Lippe und darüber hinaus in NRW erprobt werden konnten. Flankiert werden diese umsetzungsbezogenen Darstellungen durch Hintergründe zum Konzept der Circular Economy und ihrer Potentiale sowie Trends der wissenschaftlichen Forschung und die Reflexion weiterer Transformationsperspektiven.
Transformational Sales: Making a Difference with Strategic Customers
by Philip Kotler Waldemar Pfoertsch Marian DingenaInspired by a new, transformative era in human and business relations, this book provides a unique perspective on the business transformation that results from the collaboration between suppliers and their strategic customers. It is all about guiding organizational change and business transformation, starting with sales itself. Companies choosing this approach can make a significant and meaningful difference with strategic customers, moving beyond the competition. By challenging existing business assumptions and creating new perspectives on the marketplace, organizations can increase value across traditional company borders, making the (business) world a better place in the process. Both thought-provoking and practical, this management book integrates academic insights, real life examples and best practices of business transformation. It is a must-read for business leaders aiming to make a difference."Integrating with your strategic customers beyond a transactional sales relationship is key for shaping new markets, developing your brand, and leveraging your strategic relationships. If sales and profitability with strategic accounts are to grow beyond the average, a change in mindset from seeing sales as an “outside” to an “inside” job is required to truly create a win-win relationship. Kotler/Dingena/Pfoertsch’s “Transformational Sales” provides hands-on insights and tools needed for companies who truly want to achieve this transformation." Marc Hantscher, CEO and President Asia-Pacific, BSH Home Appliances Pte. Ltd. Singapore"The more profoundly and systematically B2B companies familiarize themselves with and accommodate their customers’ functional, emotional and strategic needs, the more powerful they are on the market. Top brands are professionally and passionately tuned in to their customers. Sales, Project Management, Marketing, R&D, Production and Purchasing work in concert to drive customer success, always with an eye to the future. This book presents illustrative cases, highlighting how champions have scaled up their business." Achim Kuehn, CMO Herrenknecht AG, Schwanau, Germany
Transformations Through Blockchain Technology: The New Digital Revolution
by Sheikh Mohammad Idrees Mariusz NowostawskiThe book serves as a connecting medium between various domains and Blockchain technology, discussing and embracing how Blockchain technology is transforming all the major sectors of the society. The book facilitates sharing of information, case studies, theoretical and practical knowledge required for Blockchain transformations in various sectors. The book covers different areas that provide the foundational knowledge and comprehensive information about the transformations by Blockchain technology in the fields of business, healthcare, finance, education, supply-chain, sustainability and governance. The book pertains to students, academics, researchers, professionals, and policy makers working in the area of Blockchain technology and related fields.
Transformations of Allyl-Substituted and Aryl-Allyl Esters and Their Corresponding Amines
by Gennady Zaikov LevashovaThe book generally shows the interrelation between allyl unit structure of the initial ester and composition and structure of its products. The first part studies the pathways of chemical regrouping in chlorallylaryl and bisarylallyl esters using quantum-chemical calculations. Energy parameters, structural features and electron structure of interme
Transformations of Global Food Systems for Climate Change Resilience: Addressing Food Security, Nutrition, and Health
by Solomon H. Katz Preety Gadhoke Barrett P. BrentonTransformations of Global Food Systems for Climate Change Resilience: Addressing Food Security, Nutrition, and Health provides poignant case studies of climate change resilience frameworks for nutrition-focused transformations of agriculture and food systems, food security, food sovereignty, and population health of underserved and marginalized communities from across the globe. Each chapter is drawn from diverse cultural contexts and geographic areas, addressing local challenges of ongoing food and health system transformations and illustrating forms of resistance, resilience, and adaptations of food systems to climate change. Fourteen chapters present global case studies, which directly address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the Food and Agriculture Organization’s global call to action for transforming agriculture, addressing food security and nutrition, and the health of populations impacted by climate change and public health issues.They also integrate reflections, insights, and experiences resulting from the COVID-19 Pandemic. This edited volume includes research on (1) enhancing food sovereignty and food security for underserved populations with a particular focus on indigenous peoples; (2) improving locally contextualized definitions and measurements of climate change resilience, food security, hunger, nutrition, and health; (3) informing public health programs and policies for population health and nutrition; and (4) facilitating public and policy discourse on sustainable futures for community health and nutrition in the face of climate change and natural disasters, including ongoing and future pandemics or emergencies. Within this book, readers discover an array of approaches by the authors that exemplify the mutually engaged and reciprocal partnerships that are community-driven and support the positive transformation of the people with whom they work. By doing so, this book informs and drives a global sustainable future of scholarship and policy that is tied to the intersectionality and synergisms of climate change resilience, food security, food sovereignty, nutrition, and community health.
Transformations of Social-Ecological Systems: Studies in Co-creating Integrated Knowledge Toward Sustainable Futures (Ecological Research Monographs)
by Tetsu Sato Ilan Chabay Jennifer HelgesonThrough this book, readers will gain a comprehensive overview of transdisciplinary knowledge co-production in local contexts as an issue-driven and solution-oriented process, and will come to understand its relationship to societal transformation processes toward sustainability. In a single volume, the theory, approaches and academic implications of this novel type of knowledge production are addressed, together with its societal impacts.In the midst of global anthropogenic impacts that affect various environments, over the past few decades we have observed autonomous initiatives in local communities around the world to tackle these environmental challenges. It is vital that such local actions be scaled up to achieve sustainable societies, which requires societal transformation on larger scales. Thanks to numerous collaborative actions in local communities, transdisciplinary knowledge co-production among diverse stakeholders has successfully been mobilized, resulting in the development of Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge (ILEK); knowledge that can inform and support decisions and actions promoting the sustainable transformation of society. This book uses comparative case studies in communities around the world to illuminate and clarify processes and factors promoting the co-production and utilization of ILEK to facilitate decision-making. In addition, readers will gain deeper insights into the science-society interactions that can contribute to finding collaborative solutions to a wide range of critical environmental problems. Though the book is ideally suited for researchers and students, it also offers a valuable resource for practitioners, government agencies, and stakeholder agencies.