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Two-Phase Flow: Theory and Applications
by Cl KleinstreuerThis graduate text provides a unified treatment of the fundamental principles of two-phase flow and shows how to apply the principles to a variety of homogeneous mixture as well as separated liquid-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-solid, and gas-liquid flow problems, which may be steady or transient, laminar or turbulent.Each chapter contains several sample problems, which illustrate the outlined theory and provide approaches to find simplified analytic descriptions of complex two-phase flow phenomena.This well-balanced introductory text will be suitable for advanced seniors and graduate students in mechanical, chemical, biomedical, nuclear, environmental and aerospace engineering, as well as in applied mathematics and the physical sciences. It will be a valuable reference for practicing engineers and scientists. A solutions manual is available to qualified instructors.
Two-Phase Flow for Automotive and Power Generation Sectors (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Kaushik Saha Avinash Kumar Agarwal Koushik Ghosh Sibendu SomThis book focuses on the two-phase flow problems relevant in the automotive and power generation sectors. It includes fundamental studies on liquid–gas two-phase interactions, nucleate and film boiling, condensation, cavitation, suspension flows as well as the latest developments in the field of two-phase problems pertaining to power generation systems. It also discusses the latest analytical, numerical and experimental techniques for investigating the role of two-phase flows in performance analysis of devices like combustion engines, gas turbines, nuclear reactors and fuel cells. The wide scope of applications of this topic makes this book of interest to researchers and professionals alike.
Two-Phase Flow in Refrigeration Systems
by Zhongxue Gan Shujun Wang Junjie GuTwo-Phase Flow in Refrigeration Systems presents recent developments from the authors' extensive research programs on two-phase flow in refrigeration systems. This book covers advanced mass and heat transfer and vapor compression refrigeration systems and shows how the performance of an automotive air-conditioning system is affected through results obtained experimentally and theoretically, specifically with consideration of two-phase flow and oil concentration. The book is ideal for university postgraduate students as a textbook, researchers and professors as an academic reference book, and by engineers and designers as handbook.
Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in Pipes with Different Orientations (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Afshin J. GhajarThis book provides design engineers using gas-liquid two-phase flow in different industrial applications the necessary fundamental understanding of the two-phase flow variables. Two-phase flow literature reports a plethora of correlations for determination of flow patterns, void fraction, two- phase pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer correlations. However, the validity of a majority of these correlations is restricted over a narrow range of two -phase flow conditions. Consequently, it is quite a challenging task for the end user to select an appropriate correlation/model for the type of two-phase flow under consideration. Selection of a correct correlation also requires some fundamental understanding of the two-phase flow physics and the underlying principles/assumptions/limitations associated with these correlations. Thus, it is of significant interest for a design engineer to have knowledge of the flow patterns and their transitions and their influence on two-phase flow variables. To address some of these issues and facilitate selection of appropriate two-phase flow models, this volume presents a succinct review of the flow patterns, void fraction, pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer phenomenon and recommend some of the well scrutinized modeling techniques.
Two-Phase Heat Transfer Enhancement (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Sujoy Kumar Saha Hrishiraj Ranjan Madhu Sruthi Emani Anand Kumar BhartiThis Brief concerns heat transfer and pressure drop in heat transfer enhancement for boiling and condensation. The authors divide their topic into six areas: abrasive treatment and coatings, combined structured and porous surfaces, basic principles of boiling mechanism, vapor space condensation, convective vaporization, and forced condensation inside tubes. Within this framework, the book examines range of specific phenomena including abrasive treatment, open grooves, 3D cavities, etched surfaces, electroplating, pierced 3D cover sheets, attached wire and screen promoters, non-wetting coatings, oxide and ceramic coatings, porous surfaces, structured surfaces (integral roughness), combined structured and porous surfaces, composite surfaces, single-tube pool boiling tests, theoretical fundamentals like liquid superheat, effect of cavity shape and contact angle on superheat, entrapment of vapor in cavities, nucleation at a surface cavity, effect of dissolved gases, bubble departure diameter, bubble dynamics, boiling hysteresis and orientation effects, basic principles of boiling mechanism, visualization and mechanism of boiling in subsurface tunnels, and Chien and Webb parametric boiling studies.
Two Phase Separation in the T-Junction
by Faheem Ejaz William Pao Hafiz Muhammad AliThis book provides a comprehensive yet concise knowledge and understanding in the field of Two-phase separation in the T-Junction. and this book can not only contribute to the academics, but it can also provide valuable insight for the industrial use of the T-junction.This book discusses in detail, the effect of different parameters on phase separation. These independent variables include diameter ratio, velocity ratio, individual phase velocities, side arm inclination, main arm inclination, mass split ratio, density of the working fluid, types of T-junctions used and modification in the T-Junction. The objectives and goals of this books are concerned with the research involved with the heat transfer applications, fluid mechanics and flow transmission in the petroleum field. Currently the data from the literature indicates that there is no specific source of consistent conclusion about the multiphase phenomenon. This book can provide a database of knowledge keeping in view of all the previous studies of the recent decades.So, engineers performing their duties in their respective sector, graduate and Ph.D students in the field of engineering can get valuable information about Two Phase Separation in the T-Junction.
The Two-Second Advantage: How We Succeed by Anticipating the Future--Just Enough
by Kevin Maney Vivek RanadiveWhat made Wayne Gretzky the greatest hockey player of all time wasn't his speed on the ice or the uncanny accuracy of his shots, but rather his ability to predict where the puck was going to be an instant before it arrived. In other words, it was Gretzky's brain that made him exceptional. Over the past fifteen years, scientists have found that what distinguishes the greatest musicians, athletes, and performers from the rest of us isn't just their motor skills or athletic abilities--it is the ability to anticipate events before they happen. A great musician knows how notes will sound before they're played, a great CEO can predict how a business decision will turn out before it's made, a great chef knows what a recipe will taste like before it's prepared.In a powerful narrative that takes us from the research in the labs to the implementation of predictive technology inside companies, Vivek Ranadivé and Kevin Maney reveal how our understanding of human mastery is being applied to the way computers "think." In the near future, the authors argue, the most advanced computer systems and the most successful businesses will anticipate the future much like Wayne Gretzky's brain does. As a result, companies will be able to use a new generation of technology to anticipate customer needs before customers even know what they want, and see production snafus before they occur, traffic jams before they materialize, and operational problems before they arise. Forward-thinking companies will be able to predict the future just a fraction ahead of everyone else with a little bit of the right information at the right time--what the authors call the two-second advantage--and it will transform the way businesses are run and offer companies an enormous competitive edge in the marketplace.In the bestselling tradition of Blink, Sway, and How We Decide, The Two-Second Advantage will change our understanding of what makes a company successful.From the Hardcover edition.
Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race
by David Scott Alexei LeonovWith a foreword by Neil Armstrong and an introduction by Tom HanksIn this unique dual autobiography, astronaut David Scott and cosmonaut Alexei Leonov recount their exceptional lives and careers spent on the cutting edge of science and space exploration. This book reveals, in a very personal way, the drama of one of the most ambitious contests ever embarked on by man, set against the conflict that once held the world in suspense: the clash between communism and Western democracy. Through the men’s memoirs, their courage emerges from their perseverance in times of extraordinary difficulty and danger.
Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race
by David Scott Alexei LeonovGrowing up on either side of the Iron Curtain, David Scott and Alexei Leonov experienced very different childhoods but shared the same dream to fly. Excelling in every area of mental and physical agility, Scott and Leonov became elite fighter pilots and were chosen by their countries' burgeoning space programs to take part in the greatest technological race ever-to land a man on the moon. In this unique dual autobiography, astronaut Scott and cosmonaut Leonov recount their exceptional lives and careers spent on the cutting edge of science and space exploration. With each mission fraught with perilous risks, and each space program touched by tragedy, these parallel tales of adventure and heroism read like a modern-day thriller. Cutting fast between their differing recollections, this book reveals, in a very personal way, the drama of one of the most ambitious contests ever embarked on by man, set against the conflict that once held the world in suspense: the clash between Russian communism and Western democracy.Before training to be the USSR's first man on the moon, Leonov became the first man to walk in space. It was a feat that won him a place in history but almost cost him his life. A year later, in 1966, Gemini 8, with David Scott and Neil Armstrong aboard, tumbled out of control across space. Surviving against dramatic odds-a split-second decision by pilot Armstrong saved their lives-they both went on to fly their own lunar missions: Armstrong to command Apollo 11 and become the first man to walk on the moon, and Scott to perform an EVA during the Apollo 9 mission and command the most complex expedition in the history of exploration, Apollo 15. Spending three days on the moon, Scott became the seventh man to walk on its breathtaking surface. Marking a new age of USA/USSR cooperation, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project brought Scott and Leonov together, finally ending the Cold War silence and building a friendship that would last for decades. Their courage, passion for exploration, and determination to push themselves to the limit emerge in these memoirs not only through their triumphs but also through their perseverance in times of extraordinary difficulty and danger.
A Two-Step Perturbation Method in Nonlinear Analysis of Beams, Plates and Shells
by Hui-Shen ShenThe capability to predict the nonlinear response of beams, plates and shells when subjected to thermal and mechanical loads is of prime interest to structural analysis. In fact, many structures are subjected to high load levels that may result in nonlinear load-deflection relationships due to large deformations. One of the important problems deserving special attention is the study of their nonlinear response to large deflection, postbuckling and nonlinear vibration. A two-step perturbation method is firstly proposed by Shen and Zhang (1988) for postbuckling analysis of isotropic plates. This approach gives parametrical analytical expressions of the variables in the postbuckling range and has been generalized to other plate postbuckling situations. This approach is then successfully used in solving many nonlinear bending, postbuckling, and nonlinear vibration problems of composite laminated plates and shells, in particular for some difficult tasks, for example, shear deformable plates with four free edges resting on elastic foundations, contact postbuckling of laminated plates and shells, nonlinear vibration of anisotropic cylindrical shells. This approach may be found its more extensive applications in nonlinear analysis of nano-scale structures. Concentrates on three types of nonlinear analyses: vibration, bending and postbuckling Presents not only the theoretical aspect of the techniques, but also engineering applications of the method A Two-Step Perturbation Method in Nonlinear Analysis of Beams, Plates and Shells is an original and unique technique devoted entirely to solve geometrically nonlinear problems of beams, plates and shells. It is ideal for academics, researchers and postgraduates in mechanical engineering, civil engineering and aeronautical engineering.
Two-Stroke Cycle Engine: Its Development, Operation and Design (Combustion)
by JohnB. HeywoodThis book addresses the two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, used in compact, lightweight form in everything from motorcycles to chainsaws to outboard motors, and in large sizes for marine propulsion and power generation. It first provides an overview of the principles, characteristics, applications, and history of the two-stroke cycle engine, followed by descriptions and evaluations of various types of models that have been developed to predict aspects of two-stroke engine operation.
Two-Way Radios and Scanners For Dummies
by H. Ward SilverDiscover a fun new hobby with helpful possibilities Get directions, talk to folks overseas, or find out whether the fish are biting Want to check out the morning news in London, help out in emergencies, or tune in to the big race? Two-way radios open up a world of possibilities - literally. This handy guide tells you about the equipment you need, fills you in on radio etiquette, shows you how to stay legal, and gives you lots of cool ideas for family-friendly radio activities. Discover how to * Use the right radio lingo * Choose and operate different types of radios * Get a license if you need one * Communicate in emergencies * Program a scanner * Tune in to sporting events
Tycho and Kepler: The Unlikely Partnership that Forever Changed our Understanding of the Heavens
by Kitty FergusonThe extraordinary, unlikely tale of Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler and their enormous contribution to astronomy and understanding of the cosmos is one of the strangest stories in the history of science.Kepler was a poor, devoutly religious teacher with a genius for mathematics. Brahe was an arrogant, extravagant aristocrat who possessed the finest astronomical instruments and observations of the time, before the telescope. Both espoused theories that seem off-the-wall to modern minds, but their fateful meeting in Prague in 1600 was to change the future of science.Set in one of the most turbulent and colourful eras in European history, when medieval was giving way to modern, Tycho and Kepler is a double biography of these two remarkable men.
Type-2 Fuzzy Logic in Control of Nonsmooth Systems: Theoretical Concepts And Applications (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #373)
by Oscar Castillo Luis T. AguilarThis book presents the synthesis and analysis of fuzzy controllers and its application to a class of mechanical systems. It mainly focuses on the use of type-2 fuzzy controllers to account for disturbances known as hard or nonsmooth nonlinearities. The book, which summarizes the authors’ research on type-2 fuzzy logic and control of mechanical systems, presents models, simulation and experiments towards the control of servomotors with dead-zone and Coulomb friction, and the control of both wheeled mobile robots and a biped robot. Closed-loop systems are analyzed in the framework of smooth and nonsmooth Lyapunov functions.
Type-3 Fuzzy Logic and Fractal Theory for Medical Diagnosis (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Patricia Melin Oscar CastilloThis book is intended to be a reference for scientists and engineers interested in applying type-3 fuzzy logic and fractal theory techniques in medical diagnosis. In this book, a new model based on type-3 fuzzy logic and fractal theory for applications in medical diagnosis is presented. The main idea is that a higher type and order of fuzzy logic can help in solving various diagnosis problems and find better results. In addition, fractal theory is also employed for enhancing medical diagnosis. In this regard, several hybrid intelligent methods are offered. In this book, the authors test the proposed methods using several medical diagnosis problems, like diagnosis of problems in the brain, hearth, lungs, and others. The authors can notice that when type-3 fuzzy systems are implemented to model the behavior of systems, the results in diagnosis are enhanced, because the management of uncertainty is better. For this reason, the authors consider in this book the proposed methods using type-3 fuzzy systems and fractal theory to improve the diagnosis in complex medical problems.
Type-3 Fuzzy Logic in Intelligent Control (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Oscar Castillo Patricia MelinThis book focuses on the field of type-3 fuzzy logic, also considering metaheuristics for applications in the control area. The main idea is that these areas together can solve various control problems and find better results. In this book, we test the proposed method using several benchmark problems, such as the problem for filling a water tank and the problem for controlling the trajectory in an autonomous mobile robot. We notice that when interval type-3 fuzzy systems are implemented to model the behavior of the systems, the results in control show a better stabilization, because the management of uncertainty is better. For this reason, we consider in this book the proposed method using type-3 fuzzy systems, fuzzy controllers, and metaheuristic algorithms to improve the control behavior of complex nonlinear plants. This book is intended to be a reference for scientists and engineers interested in applying type-3 fuzzy logic techniques for solving problems in intelligent control. We consider that this book can also be used to get novel ideas for new lines of research, or to continue the lines of research proposed by the authors of the book
Type-3 Fuzzy Logic in Time Series Prediction (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Oscar Castillo Patricia MelinThis book focuses on the field of type-3 fuzzy logic for applications in time series prediction. The main idea is that a higher type and order of fuzzy logic can help in solving various prediction problems and find better results. In addition, neural networks and fractal theory are employed in enhancing prediction results. In this regard, several hybrid intelligent methods are offered. In this book we test the proposed methods using several prediction problems, like predicting COVID-19 and the stock market. We can notice that when Type-3 fuzzy systems are implemented to model the behavior of systems, the results in prediction are enhanced, because the management of uncertainty is better. For this reason, we consider in this book the proposed methods using type-3 fuzzy systems, neural networks and fractal theory to improve the prediction behavior of the complex nonlinear systems. This book is intended to be a reference for scientists and engineers interested in applying type-3 fuzzy logic techniques for solving complex prediction problems. This book can also be used as a reference for graduate courses like the following: soft computing, fuzzy logic, neural networks, bio-inspired algorithms, intelligent prediction, and similar ones. We consider that this book can also be used to get novel ideas for new lines of research, or to continue the lines of research proposed by the authors of the book.
Typewriters: Iconic Machines from the Golden Age of Mechanical Writing
by Anthony Casillo“Typewriter expert and collector Anthony Casillo presents a visual homage to the device that revolutionized correspondence” (The Florida Times-Union).From the creation of the QWERTY keyboard to the world’s first portable typing machine, this handsome collection is a visual homage to the golden age of the typewriter. From the world’s first commercially successful typewriter—the Sholes & Glidden Type Writer of 1874—to the iconic electric models of the 1960s, eighty vintage devices are profiled in elegant photographs and fascinating text that highlights the design modifications, intricate details, and peculiar quirks that make each typewriter unique. From functional advances like noiseless machines to luxurious details such as mahogany covers and inlaid mother-of-pearl, a century of design innovation and experimentation is charted in these pages. Packed with visuals and rich with history, Typewriters is the essential story of a writing invention that changed the world.Includes a foreword by Tom HanksPraise for Typewriters“A Love Letter to Vintage Typewriters.” —Wall Street Journal“This is sure to delight typewriter lovers and those interested in machine or design history.” —Library Journal
Typing Indian Languages Using Physical Keyboard - Tutorial
by Bookshare IndiaTyping in Android using touch screen keyboard is always difficult, especially for a person with visual impairment. This is a tutorial for typing using physical keyboard. It provides a solution for both kinds of typing, that is, phonetic as well as traditional [Native].
Typology of Industrialization Processes in the Nineteenth Century
by A. Joseph PollardThe industrial revolution in Great Britain was the first example of the transition to a modern industrial economy. Certain features of this transition were later copied and modified by other coutries undergoing the same process. This book considers the main similarities and differences in the process of industrialization, grouping the main countries
U.S. Army Guerrilla Warfare Handbook
by ArmyThey can be swift, silent, and deadly. That's why armed guerrillas are feared by even the largest, best-equipped fighting forces. No tank, rocket-propelled grenade, or infantry battalion can match the guerrilla team's ability to exact brutality with precision, instill fear in enemy hearts, and viciously deflate morale. From the snows of Korea to the jungles of Southeast Asia to the mountains of Afghanistan, the U.S. Army has employed guerrilla tactics to deadly effect. Those tactics and techniques, being used today by U.S. soldiers, are laid out in the U.S. Army Guerrilla Warfare Handbook. Employing small, heavily-armed, and well-oiled fire teams, guerrilla warfare has played an invaluable role in the success of nearly every U.S. campaign for decades. Here, its methods are detailed: raids and ambushes, demolition, counterintelligence, mining and sniping, psychological warfare, communications, and much more. This is an inside look at the guerrilla strategies and weapons that have come to be feared by enemies and respected by allies. Not another outside perspective or commentary on unconventional warfare, this is the original--of use to soldiers in the field and to anyone with an interest in military tactics.
U.S. Army Guide to Military Mountaineering (US Army Survival)
by ArmyMountains exist in almost every country in the world and almost every war has included some type of mountain operations. This pattern will not change, and soldiers will continue to fight in mountainous terrain in future conflicts. Although mountain operations have not changed, several advancements in equipment and transportation have increased the soldiers' capabilities. The helicopter now allows access to terrain that was once unreachable or could be reached only by slow methodical climbing. Inclement weather, however, may place various restrictions on the capabilities of air assets available to a commander. The unit must then possess the necessary mountaineering skills to overcome adverse terrain to reach an objective.The U.S. Army Guide to Military Mountaineering details techniques soldiers and leaders must know to cope with mountainous terrain. These techniques are the foundation upon which the mountaineer must build. They must be applied to the various situations encountered to include river crossings, glaciers, snow-covered mountains, ice climbing, rock climbing, and urban vertical environments. The degree to which this training is applied must be varied to conform to known enemy doctrine, tactics, and actions. This guide also discusses basic and advanced techniques to include acclimatization, illness and injury, equipment, anchors, evacuation, movement on glaciers, and training.
U.S. Army Improvised Munitions Handbook: Explosives & Propellants, Mines & Grenades, Mortars & Rockets, Small Arms Weapons & Ammunition Fuses, Detonators, & Delay Mechanisms (US Army Survival)
by ArmyYou don’t need to be a trained soldier to fully appreciate this edition of the U.S. Army Improvised Munitions Handbook (TM 31-210). Originally created for soldiers in guerilla warfare situations, this handbook demonstrates the techniques for constructing weapons that are highly effective in the most harrowing of circumstances. Straightforward and incredibly user-friendly, it provides insightful information and step-by-step instructions on how to assemble weapons and explosives from common and readily available materials. Over 600 illustrations complement elaborate explanations of how to improvise any number of munitions from easily accessible resources. Whether you’re a highly trained solider or simply a civilian looking to be prepared, the U.S. Army Improvised Munitions Handbook is an invaluable addition to your library.
U.S. Army Intelligence and Interrogation Handbook: The Official Guide On Prisoner Interrogation (US Army Survival)
by ArmyThe U.S. Army Intelligence and Interrogation Handbook provides doctrinal guidance, techniques, and procedures governing the use of interrogators as human intelligence collection agents in support of a commander's intelligence needs. It outlines the interrogator's role within the greater intelligence effort as well as the unit's day-to-day operations, and includes details on how interrogators accomplish their assigned missions. This handbook is intended for use by interrogators as well as commanders, staff officers, and military intelligence personnel charged with conducting interrogations, and applies to operations at all levels of conflict intensity, including conditions involving the use of electronic warfare or nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons.The U.S. Army Intelligence and Interrogation Handbook builds upon existing doctrine and moves interrogation into the twenty-first century within the constraints of the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Geneva Conventions. Principles, guidelines, and topics covered include:The definition of interrogationInterrogator capabilities and limitationsWarfighting doctrineThe intelligence cycle, and its disciplines and operationsAmphibious and airborne operationsThe interrogation processExploiting captured enemy documentsA tactical questioning guideAnd many more tactics and techniques used by the U.S. Army!
U.S. Army Ranger Handbook (Us Army Survival Ser.)
by ArmyThis handbook offers the techniques and tactics that make Army Rangers the best soldiers in the world. These highly-trained, easily-deployable, and widely-skilled infantrymen specialize in airborne assault, raids, recovery of personnel and equipment, and airfield seizure, among other difficult and dangerous missions. Drawing from over two centuries of bloody lessons learned in special operations combat, this guide gives modern soldiers the best advice possible. In straightforward language and a no-frills style, it covers deception, stealth, communications, escape and evasion, ambush operations, perimeter defense, counterintelligence, and much more. Handy and concise, this manual was designed so Rangers could easily carry it into the field. Now it is the ultimate resource for anyone who wants to know how Rangers think and work.