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Proceedings of the International Conference on Academia-Based Tourism Revival 2022 (Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research #738)
by Dian Bayu Firmansyah Usep Muttaqin Ambhita Dhyaningrum Tri Wahyu Setiawan PrasetyoningsihThis is an open access book. ABTR 2022 is the first international conference on Academia-Based Tourism Revival initiated to generate a sort of a hybrid method proposed and tested in relation to the tourism revival process in Indonesia, especially in Banyumas, Central Java following the covid-19. This conference aims to generate collective ideas of researchers, practitioners and policy makers on the sound and strategic solutions to reinvent and revive the tourism sector in the post Covid-19 era in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. This international conference is supported by experts from various universities: Mae Fah Luang University (Thailand), Lomonosov Moscow State University (Rusia), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Malaysia), Mariano Marcos State University (Philipines), Jamal Mohamed College (India). These universities have confirmed to send their delegations to participate in this conference as presenters.
Prodigal Daughter: A Journey to Byzantium (Wayfarer)
by Myrna Kostash“Part spiritual quest, part scholarly inquiry, part travel memoir, Prodigal Daughter is as richly layered as the civilization [Kostash] explores.” —The Edmonton JournalA deep-seated questioning of her inherited religion resurfaces when Myrna Kostash chances upon the icon of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica. A historical, cultural and spiritual odyssey that begins in Edmonton, ranges around the Balkans, and plunges into a renewed vision of Byzantium in search of the Great Saint of the East delivers the author to an unexpected place—the threshold of her childhood church. An epic work of travel memoir, Prodigal Daughter sings with immediacy and depth, rewarding readers with a profound sense of an adventure they have lived. This book will appeal to readers interested in Ukrainian-Canadian culture, the Eastern Church, and medieval history, as well as to fans of Kostash’s bold creative nonfiction.“Prodigal Daughter is at one and the same time an anthropological, cultural, and religious quest on two levels: the personal, autobiographical and the wider sociological and cultural. It is both deeply spiritual and intellectually satisfying.” —Tom Harpur, former author, journalist, TV host“Written in lyrical, vibrant prose, Prodigal Daughter is part travelogue and part memoir—a detailed account of findings from her travels to Greece, Bulgaria, Croatia and Macedonia . . . Winner of the 2011 City of Edmonton Prize, Prodigal Daughter is a thought-provoking book.” —Prairie Fire Review of Books“It may just be her best book to date . . . a shockingly honest and open articulation of a spiritual quest, one that is rich with possibilities.” —Lindy Ledohowski, Canadian Literature
Prodigal Daughter: A Journey to Byzantium (Wayfarer)
by Myrna Kostash“Part spiritual quest, part scholarly inquiry, part travel memoir, Prodigal Daughter is as richly layered as the civilization [Kostash] explores.” —The Edmonton JournalA deep-seated questioning of her inherited religion resurfaces when Myrna Kostash chances upon the icon of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica. A historical, cultural and spiritual odyssey that begins in Edmonton, ranges around the Balkans, and plunges into a renewed vision of Byzantium in search of the Great Saint of the East delivers the author to an unexpected place—the threshold of her childhood church. An epic work of travel memoir, Prodigal Daughter sings with immediacy and depth, rewarding readers with a profound sense of an adventure they have lived. This book will appeal to readers interested in Ukrainian-Canadian culture, the Eastern Church, and medieval history, as well as to fans of Kostash’s bold creative nonfiction.“Prodigal Daughter is at one and the same time an anthropological, cultural, and religious quest on two levels: the personal, autobiographical and the wider sociological and cultural. It is both deeply spiritual and intellectually satisfying.” —Tom Harpur, former author, journalist, TV host“Written in lyrical, vibrant prose, Prodigal Daughter is part travelogue and part memoir—a detailed account of findings from her travels to Greece, Bulgaria, Croatia and Macedonia . . . Winner of the 2011 City of Edmonton Prize, Prodigal Daughter is a thought-provoking book.” —Prairie Fire Review of Books“It may just be her best book to date . . . a shockingly honest and open articulation of a spiritual quest, one that is rich with possibilities.” —Lindy Ledohowski, Canadian Literature
Producing and Consuming the Craft Beer Movement (Routledge Critical Beverage Studies)
by Wesley Shumar Tyson MitmanProducing and Consuming the Craft Beer Movement is an ethnographic analysis of the craft beer movement and its rapid development as an industry that articulated a different set of values: celebrating, quality, community, and good taste. This book will provide an excellent foundation for considering craft beer and an entrepreneurial practice that produces other forms of value beyond monetary value. The craft beer movement has been an important movement for thinking about contemporary consumer culture, and how that consumer culture might develop a very different set of values and priorities from those of the dominant consumer culture that is created by large-scale industries focused on the instrumental values of profit and efficiency. Located in one site, the ethnography is situated within the larger context of the rise of digital media, the evolution of cities, and the latest stage of the capitalist marketplace. The book is distinctive as it is ethnographic in its methodology. It is focused on one locale, the metropolitan area around Philadelphia. Philadelphia, along with Boston, Denver, San Diego and a few other cities, was a central location for the early development of the craft beer industry. With its interdisciplinary approach, individuals with interests in digital and social media, consumer culture, political economy, ethnography, and contemporary cultural theory will find this an interesting case study of an important industry that developed from the homebrewing movement to become an important craft industry that is now a global phenomenon. This book is directed to a broad range of readers interested in new media, consumer culture, craft and contemporary capitalist culture. The book embeds the local in the larger historical and political economic context. Readers would include faculty members in communication, media studies, cultural studies, sociology, and anthropology. Students at a graduate and upper level undergraduate level would be interested as well.
Production Management in Live Music: Managing the Technical Side of Touring in Today’s Music Industry
by Matt DohertyProduction Management in Live Music: Managing the Technical Side of Touring in Today’s Music Industry is a handbook for the aspiring production manager looking to forge a career in the live music industry. This book outlines the role that a production manager performs and their key responsibilities, and takes the reader step by step through the entire process of preparing a show for a tour. From dealing with artists and management to hiring crew, from booking vendors and scheduling the day-to-day of a busy tour, this text covers everything that is needed to take the show into rehearsals and finally on the road. Every aspect of the job is covered, including the very important challenges that face today’s industry in the realms of sustainability, inclusion, diversity and mental health. Whether the show be on a festival, in a small theatre or club, or in a modern arena, this book clearly lays out the tasks and challenges and offers practical solutions to ensure the smooth running of a live performance. Production Management in Live Music is written for students in stage and production management courses and emerging professionals working in live music touring.
Profit Planning: For Hospitality And Tourism (extended Edition)
by Peter HarrisThis new edition of Profit Planning is ideal for hotel, restaurant and licensed house managers as it focuses on profit planning, the major area of finance which the general manager needs to get to grips with. The practical aspects of day-to-day profit planning are emphasized, which means that the reader can understand the approach with the minimum of theory and technical jargon. The examples and illustrations used can easily be translated into all aspects of the hospitality industry, so this book has a wide appeal.Unit managers now have high levels of finance responsibility at an early stage in their career. This reflects the growth in strongly branded and market oriented chains of pubs and restaurants which need to achieve swift returns on their investments. The financial management skills expected of unit managers are therefore growing in sophistication and this new edition takes full account of this.
Progreso
by Rosa Flores DeeSpanish for "progress," Progreso is famous for the millions of tourists, known as "Winter Texans," who drive through the town to visit Mexico. Rumor has it that Al Capone did the same thing during Prohibition. Perhaps the first visitor captivated by the Rio Grande was Juan Jose Hinojosa, as he asked the Spanish crown for rights to the land that is now Progreso on July 4, 1776. But it was Florencio Saenz, founder of the iconic Toluca Ranch, who requested a U.S. post office in 1896. Connecting to the Spiderweb Railroad in the 1920s gave the town a short-lived commercial farming boom that attracted prominent investors. In the late 1940s, though, two disastrous freezes killed the citrus industry, and farmers switched to vegetables and cotton. After the Progreso International Bridge was built in 1953, growers gained access to the Mexican market, an advantage that continues to attract people to this small town along the Rio Grande.
Progress in French Tourism Geographies: Inhabiting Touristic Worlds (Geographies of Tourism and Global Change)
by Mathis StockThis book provides an overview of the recent progress in Francophone tourism geography. It focuses on the theoretical advances in social and cultural geography, whereby the symbolic dimensions of tourism and the creation of tourism worlds are key. It puts forward the tourist conceived as mobile, situated, skilled, reflexive inhabitant of places, which gives all its meaning to the expression “inhabiting touristic worlds”. More specifically, this book addresses numerous rarely addressed issues such as the geo-history of tourism, the material cultures of tourists, the digitality and disconnection from digital technologies in National Parcs or the use of knowledge of tourists in metropolises. It gives insights in the specific Francophone approaches such as inhabiting, the urbanity of tourist resorts and the notion of territory in tourist studies. Finally, it provides an overview of the urban dimensions of tourism, place-making in the form of heritage, oasis tourism, sports tourism, production of space in Mexican resorts. As such, the book provides a key read for academics, students and professionals in tourism studies and tourism geography in search for alternative approaches.
Progress in Tourism Marketing (Routledge Advances In Tourism Ser.)
by Elsevier LtdThe aim of this book are two-fold: (1) to evaluate the current progress of theoretical approaches to tourism marketing and (2) to show the ways to further develop the concept of tourism marketing for application within tourist destinations and individual businesses and evaluate its potential impact on performance improvement. The structure is based upon the inclusion of an introduction and four main parts, namely IT marketing, destination competitiveness, image measurement, and consumer behaviour. There is a brief introduction for each part prior to the discussion of specific chapters just to make the readers familiar with their content. The editors believe that there is a need for information on how to better apply both traditional and contemporary marketing tools in order to be more competitive within the international arena.Metin Kozak serves as an Associate Professor of Marketing in the School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Mugla University, Turkey. Also, he is a visiting fellow in the Department of Marketing, University of Namur, Belgium. Following a successful career within the last five years (since the approval of PhD degree in 2000), Metin has received two awards to mark his achievements. In 2001, his PhD dissertation on benchmarking was nominated, by the EFQM- EU, among the best three PhD studies on TQM. In 2004, by a committee of the Turkish Tourism Investors’ Association, he was awarded the grand prize of the tourism researcher of the year 2003 in Turkey. He has published mainly in tourism journals and authored a book on Destination Benchmarking. His main research interests focus on consumer behavior, benchmarking, competitiveness, cross-cultural research, destination management and marketing, and European tourist markets. Luisa Andreu is Assistant Professor of Marketing in the Department of Marketing, University of Valencia, Spain. She obtained her Master's degree in Tourism from the International Centre for Tourism, Bournemouth University, UK, and a Ph.D. in Business Administration from the University of Valencia, Spain. She is a member of the Spanish Association of Scientifics in Tourism. She has published various articles in Annals of Tourism Research, Tourism Management, European Journal of Marketing, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, among others. She has presented papers at several conferences organized by the European Marketing Academy, Academy of Marketing Science, CPTHL, and State of the Art: Tourism. She has also involved in numerous academic and industrial projects. Her research interests include consumer behavior and cross-cultural issues in service marketing.
Progressive Nation: A Travel Guide with 400+ Left Turns and Inspiring Landmarks
by Jerome PohlenA Selection of the Progressive Book ClubFrom the sites of famous sit-ins, marches, and strikes to the locales of events that led to landmark Supreme Court decisions, this inspiring travel guide journeys to more than 400 of the places in the United States that are important to progressive politics. Organized by state, it includes the stories of hundreds of women and men of action who, through creativity and hard work, changed American society for the better. Visit the battlegrounds and celebrate the victories of civil libertarians, feminists, African Americans, gays, lesbians, environmentalists, labor organizers, and media activists. Make a stop at the home of abolitionists Levi and Catharine Coffin, Grand Central Station on the Underground Railroad. Check out Alice's Restaurant Church, the namesake of Arlo Guthrie's song protesting the draft. Learn about the first women's convention held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton in Seneca Falls at the Women's Hall of Fame. See the site of the Haymarket Riot in Chicago where laborers protested working conditions. Join the many people who pay homage at the grave site of Leonard Matlovich, the gay Vietnam War veteran who fought the U.S. military--and won--when he was wrongfully discharged for homosexuality. Each entry features a listing of books and websites for further information, making this an essential lefty resource. For liberal-minded adventurous travelers, educational family vacationers, and progressives who want to know their history, this book will inspire them to do more than just cast a vote.
Prohibition in Hamtramck: Gangsters, Gunfights & Getaways (American Palate)
by Greg KowalskiThe National Prohibition Act was no match for Hamtramck. Once a small farming village, Hamtramck grew to be a major industrial city in just a decade. With that came enormous social problems and a peculiar concept that the legality of alcohol wasn't a constraint but, rather, an opportunity. Flaunting the infamous law became a way of life in Hamtramck, where it was as easy to get a drink as an ice cream cone. Paddy McGraw proudly ran his speakeasy and brothel with impunity. Mayors Peter Jezewski and Rudolph Tenerowicz were sent to prison for violations but were rewarded by the public. Join author Greg Kowalski as he delves into Hamtramck's raucous prohibition history.
Prohibition in South Dakota: Astride the White Mule
by Chuck CecilSouth Dakota has always had an intermittent relationship with prohibition. Constantly changing legislation kept citizens, saloonkeepers, bootleggers and other scofflaws on tenterhooks, wondering what might come next. The scandalous indiscretions of the lethal Verne Miller and the contributions of "agents of change" like Senators Norbeck and Senn kept ne'er-do-wells on edge. In 1927, the double murder of prohibition officers near Redfield dominated headlines. From the Black Hills stills of Bert Miller to the Sioux Falls moonshine outfit buried under Lon Vaught's chicken house, uncork these oft-overlooked and tumultuous eighteen years in state history. In the first book of its kind, award-winning journalist Chuck Cecil delivers the boisterous details of an intoxicating era.
Prohibitted Knowledge: They don't want you to know the Truth (Hidden History #10)
by Miguel PedreroThere is a "forbidden knowledge" or "cursed" that is elbowing its way. Although large academic institutions and political and financial power try to stop it, committed, prepared and enlightened women and men are bringing it to light in schools, laboratories, archaeological campaigns or historical studies. In this book the reader will discover, among many other destabilizing issues, that: –Eminent microbiologists and astrophysicists defend that our DNA is artificial and we are probably the creation of an alien civilization. –There is remarkable evidence that beings from other worlds visited us in the remote past, being taken by gods. –The traditions and sacred books of various religions –including the Judeo-Christian– describe contacts with extraterrestrials. –On Earth, other humanities lived in a remote past. –On the face of our planet there were disappeared civilizations with enormous technological development, long before the Egyptian and the Sumerian. –Scientists already have proof that life exists after life. - It is fully accepted that there are countless parallel universes where life forms can exist. –The UFO phenomenon constitutes proof that these dimensional intelligences have been with us since the beginning of time.
Project Escape: Lessons for an Unscripted Life
by Lucinda JacksonLucinda Jackson, a harried scientist and business executive, sets off to make a break from her corporate decades and have an “extraordinary” retirement. She launches into a five-phase “Project Escape,” complete with a vision, goals, and a scorecard of success to deliver this next chapter. Soon, Jackson and her semi-reluctant husband of thirty years are off as volunteers to the government of the Pacific island country of Palau. But while Jackson got the girl out of the corporation, even the jolt of Palau can’t fully get the corporation out of the girl. As she struggles through self-examination around purpose, identity, ego, marriage, and parenthood after years of investing so much in career, Jackson gradually learns who she is again. Whether you’re thinking ahead to retirement or are already there, Project Escape provides an unvarnished but ultimately encouraging reference in navigating the “post-career” era.
Promised Land State Park
by Peter OsborneLocated in the northeastern corner of Pennsylvania is a beautiful state park with the compelling name of Promised Land. It is visited by thousands annually, and many of those visitors have been coming to the park for generations. Promised Land State Park features more than 200 images that have been preserved by the state park, state agencies, historical organizations, and individuals. Through these unique images, many published here for the first time, the fascinating history of one of Pennsylvania's most popular parks is documented.
Promoting Creative Tourism: Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar on Tourism (ISOT 2020), November 4-5, 2020, Bandung, Indonesia
by A.H.G. KusumahThe papers presented in this work cover themes such as sustainable tourism; ICT and tourism; marine tourism; tourism and education; tourism, economics, and finance; tourism marketing; recreation and sport tourism; halal & sharia tourism; culture and indigenous tourism; destination management; tourism gastronomy; politic, social, and humanities in tourism; heritage tourism; medical & health tourism; film induced tourism; community based tourism; tourism planning and policy; meeting, incentive, convention, and exhibition; supply chain management; hospitality management; restaurant management and operation; safety and crisis management; corporate social responsibility (CSR); tourism geography; disruptive innovation in tourism; infrastructure and transportation in tourism development; urban and rural tourism planning and development; community resilience and social capital in tourism.The 4th ISOT 2020 aimed at (1) bringing together scientists, researchers, practitioners, professionals, and students in a scientific forum and (2) having discussions on theoretical and practical knowledge about current issues in tourism. The keynote speakers contributing to this conference are those with expertise in tourism, either in an academic or industrial context.
Promoting Sustainable Behaviour: A practical guide to what works
by Adam CornerPromoting sustainable behaviour is a critical part of society’s response to climate change. This short, practical book shows you how to build a sustainable behaviour campaign that works. There are more and less effective ways for businesses, NGOs and governments to encourage people to act in a more sustainable way, and some common pitfalls to avoid. By summarizing "what really works" and pulling out the most important take-home messages from the evidence base, this book contains all the tools you need to maximize the success of your sustainable behaviour initiative – in households, when commuting, in the workplace and beyond. By looking beyond individual behaviours to people’s sense of identity and values; by incorporating social signals that provide such important cues for our everyday behaviour; by pointing out strategies that attract (and keep) people’s interest; and by understanding how to break bad habits and create good ones, this guide offers the best chance of making a sustainable behaviour campaign work, to create a lasting change in behaviour.
Promoting and Marketing Events: Theory and Practice
by Nigel JacksonThis accessible book introduces students to the theories, concepts and skills required to promote an event successfully. To promote an event effectively it is essential to understand marketing, but it is also important to recognise that it is not just consumers who are the audience: other publics who may not necessarily attend can have a fundamental effect on the success of an event as well. Uniquely therefore, this book covers two related themes: marketing and public relations in an events context. This will offer events planners a comprehensive guide on how to promote events to a range of audiences, and on how to use this to manage an event's long-term reputation. The book focuses on core marketing and PR current theory specifically relevant to the events industry and introduces topics such as marketing strategy, the consumer, marketing PR and how to use the internet to promote events. It integrates a range of international case studies from small-scale events to mega-events to help show how theory can be applied in practice. It further includes inserts of interviews with practitioners in the field, to offer insight into the realities of event communication and to show how to overcome potential pitfalls. Learning outcomes, discussion questions and further reading suggestions are included to aid navigation throughout the book, spur critical thinking and further students' knowledge. The book is essential reading for all students studying Events Management, and provides valuable reading for students, academics and practitioners interested in marketing and public relations in general.
Prophets and Kings Discovery Guide: Being in the Culture and Not of It (That the World May Know)
by Ray Vander LaanExplore the turbulent history of Israel's prophets and kings.In the second volume of the That The World May Know series, take a tour through the land of the Bible as teacher and historian Ray Vander Laan teaches lessons from the Bible—in the land of the Bible—that will help you build your devotion to and trust in God today.This discovery guide includes passages of Scripture explored in the DVD (sold separately); questions for discussion and personal reflection; personal Bible studies to help you deepen your learning experience between sessions; as well as sidebars, maps, photos, and other study tools.Lessons include:Innocent Blood Part 1 – Filmed in MegiddoInnocent Blood Part 2 – Filmed in MegiddoWho Is God? – Filmed in Mount CarmelThe Wages of Sin – Filmed in LachishThe Lord Is My Shepherd – Filmed in NegevGod with Us – Filmed in Arad Designed for use with the Prophets & Kings Video Study (sold separately)._______________THAT THE WORLD MAY KNOWJoin renowned teacher and historian Ray Vander Laan as he guides you through the land of the Bible. In each lesson, Vander Laan illuminates the historical, geographical, and cultural context of the sacred Scriptures.Filmed on location in the Middle East and elsewhere, the That the World May Know film series will transform your understanding of God and challenge you to be a true follower of Jesus.
Prospect Park
by Prospect Park Community Study Group Ronald P. VerdicchioRooted in Dutch traditions, Prospect Park was established in 1901. With a view of what would become the New York City skyline, Prospect Park evolved into a community that placed an emphasis on family values and character. Children would often be seen on the streets jumping rope or playing together at the Hayfields, which later became Hofstra Park. Parents worked locally in the borough and neighboring Paterson, known as "Silk City." Families stopped by Verblaauw's Hardware for household goods and bought produce and flowers at Aiello's, which remains a vibrant business today. Though the borough has undergone an exceptional cultural transformation, Prospect Park has maintained its core values through traditions, cultural practices, and religious observances, with the Prospect Park School remaining the center of community life. New Hope Ministry and the Prospect Park Volunteer Fire Department remain essential to the life of the community. Prospect Park showcases the rich cultural, educational, and economic heritage of this northern New Jersey town.
Prospects for Polar Tourism
by B. Stonehouse J. M. SnyderImprovements in transportation have made the Polar Regions more accessible to tourists. Snyder, a consultant, and Stonehouse (Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, UK) look at environmental, cultural, and economic aspects of polar tourism. Contributors to the book, all professionally involved in different aspects of polar management, explore ship-borne tourism, adventure tourism, private expeditions, and scenic overflights in specific polar tourism markets, and discuss resource management techniques. The readership for the book includes researchers in tourism, ecology, and environmental studies, as well as those developing sustainable tourism in the region.
Prospero's Cell: A Guide to the Landscape and Manners of the Island of Corfu (Faber Library #No. 20)
by Lawrence DurrellFrom a member of the real-life family portrayed in The Durrells in Corfu, this memoir of the idyllic Greek island is &“among the best books ever written&” (The New York Times). Before Lawrence Durrell became a renowned novelist, poet, and travel writer, he spent four youthful years on Corfu, an island jewel with beauty to match the long and fascinating history within its rocky shores. While his brother, Gerald, was collecting animals as a budding naturalist, Lawrence fished, drank, and lived with the natives in the years leading up to World War II, sheltered from the tumult that was engulfing Europe—until finally he could ignore the world no longer. Durrell left for Alexandria, to serve his country as a wartime diplomat, but never forgot the wonders of Corfu. In this &“brilliant&” journey through that idyllic time and place, Durrell returns to the land that made him so happy, blending his love of history with memories of his adventures there (The Economist). Like the blue Aegean, Prospero&’s Cell is deep and crystal clear, offering a perfect view straight to the heart of a nation.
Protected Areas and Tourism in Southern Africa: Conservation Goals and Community Livelihoods (Routledge Studies in Conservation and the Environment)
by Lesego Senyana StoneThis volume discusses the complex relationship between Protected Areas and tourism and their impact on community livelihoods in a range of countries in Southern Africa. Protected areas and tourism have an enduring and symbiotic relationship. While protected areas offer a desirable setting for tourism products, tourism provides revenue that can contribute to conservation efforts. This can bring benefits to local communities, but it can also have a negative impact, with the establishment of protected areas leading to the eviction of local communities from their original places of residence, while also preventing them from accessing the natural resources they once enjoyed. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, this book addresses the opportunities and challenges faced by communities and other stakeholders as they endeavour to achieve their conservation goals and work towards improving community livelihoods. Case studies from Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe address key issues such as human–wildlife conflicts, ecotourism, wildlife-based tourism, landscape governance, wildlife crop-raiding and trophy hunting, including the high-profile case of Cecil the lion. Chapters highlight both the achievements and positive outcomes of protected areas, but also the challenges faced and their impact on how protected areas are viewed and also conservation priorities more generally. The volume gives these issues affecting protected areas, local communities, managers and international conservation efforts centre stage in order inform policy and improve practice going forward. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of conservation, natural resource management, tourism, sustainable development and African studies, as well as professionals and policymakers involved in conservation policy.
Protecting National Park Soundscapes
by Proctor ReidAmerica's national parks provide a wealth of experiences to millions of people every year. What visitors see--landscapes, wildlife, cultural activities--often lingers in memory for life. And what they hear adds a dimension that sight alone cannot provide. Natural sounds can dramatically enhance visitors' experience of many aspects of park environments. In some settings, such as the expanses of Yellowstone National Park, they can even be the best way to enjoy wildlife, because animals can be heard at much greater distances than they can be seen. Sounds can also be a natural complement to natural scenes, whether the rush of water over a rocky streambed or a ranger's explanation of a park's history. In other settings, such as the New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park, sounds are the main reason for visiting a park. The acoustical environment is also important to the well-being of the parks themselves. Many species of wildlife depend on their hearing to find prey or avoid predators. If they cannot hear, their survival is jeopardized--and the parks where they live may in turn lose part of their natural heritage. For all these reasons it is important to be aware of noise (defined as unwanted sound, and in this case usually generated by humans or machinery), which can degrade the acoustical environment, or soundscape, of parks. Just as smog smudges the visual horizon, noise obscures the listening horizon for both visitors and wildlife. This is especially true in places, such as remote wilderness areas, where extremely low sound levels are common. The National Park Service (NPS) has determined that park facilities, operations, and maintenance activities produce a substantial portion of noise in national parks and thus recognizes the need to provide park managers with guidance for protecting the natural soundscape from such noise. Therefore, the focus of the workshop was to define what park managers can do to control noise from facilities, operations, and maintenance, and not on issues such as the effects of noise on wildlife, noise metrics, and related topics. To aid in this effort, NPS joined with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and with the US Department of Transportation's John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center to hold a workshop to examine the challenges and opportunities facing the nation's array of parks. Entitled "Protecting National Park Soundscapes: Best Available Technologies and Practices for Reducing Park- Generated Noise," the workshop took place October 3-4, 2012, at NPS's Natural Resource Program Center in Fort Collins, Colorado. Protecting National Park Soundscapes is a summary of the workshop.
Protecting Yellowstone: Science and the Politics of National Park Management
by Michael J. YochimYellowstone National Park looks like a pristine western landscape populated by its wild inhabitants: bison, grizzly bears, and wolves. But the bison do not always range freely, snowmobile noise intrudes upon the park&’s profound winter silence, and some tourist villages are located in prime grizzly bear habitat. Despite these problems, the National Park Service has succeeded in reintroducing wolves, allowing wildfires to play their natural role in park forests, and prohibiting a gold mine that would be present in other more typical western landscapes.Each of these issues—bison, snowmobiles, grizzly bears, wolves, fires, and the New World Mine—was the center of a recent policy-making controversy involving federal politicians, robust debate with interested stakeholders, and discussions about the relevant science. Yet, the outcomes of the controversies varied considerably, depending on politics, science, how well park managers allied themselves with external interests, and public thinking about the effects of park proposals on their access and economies. Michael Yochim examines the primary influences upon contemporary national park policy making and considers how those influences shaped or constrained the final policy. In addition, Yochim considers how park managers may best work within the contemporary policy-making context to preserve national parks.