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Tourism Employment
by Michael Riley Adele LadkinThis book is an attempt to understand tourism employment in a holistic way. Using ideas from labour economics, work psychology and industrial sociology the authors look at tourism employment in both its workplace context and its wider economic and social environment and attempt to tell a coherent story. Both behavioural and economic perspectives are used to address questions that are salient to manpower planning, education planning and tourism management. By examining the diversity and commonality within occupations against the background of a dynamic labour market the text develops themes that contribute to our understanding of the behaviour of workers and managers in the industry.
Tourism Employment in Nordic Countries: Trends, Practices, and Opportunities
by Andreas Walmsley Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson Kajsa Åberg Petra BlinnikkaViewed through a politico-economic lens, Nordic countries share what is often referred to as the ‘Nordic model’, characterised by a comprehensive welfare state; higher spending on childcare; more equitable income distribution; and lifelong-learning policies. This edited collection considers these contexts to explore the complex nature of tourism employment, thereby providing insights into the dynamic nature, characteristics, and meaning of work in tourism. Contributors combine explorations of the impact of policy on tourism employment with a more traditional human resources management approach focusing on employment issues from an organizational perspective, such as job satisfaction, training, and retention. The text points to opportunities as well as challenges relating to issues such as the notion of ‘decent work’, the role and contribution of migrant workers, and more broadly, the varying policy objectives embedded within the Nordic welfare model. Offering a detailed, multi-faceted analysis of tourism employment, this book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners interested in tourism employment in the region.
Tourism Encounters and Controversies: Ontological Politics of Tourism Development (New Directions in Tourism Analysis)
by Carina Ren Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson Van Der RenéThe multiplicity of tourism encounters provide some of the best available occasions to observe the social world and its making(s). Focusing on ontological politics of tourism development, this book examines how different versions of tourism are enacted, how encounters between different versions of tourism orderings may result in controversies, but also on how these enactments and encounters are entangled in multiple ways to broader areas of development, conservation, policy and destination management. Throughout the book, encounters and controversies are investigated from a poststructuralist and relational approach as complex and emerging, seeing the roles and characteristics of related actors as co-constituted. Inspired by post-actor-network theory and related research, the studies include the social as well as the material, but also multiplicity and ontological politics when examining controversial matters or events.
Tourism Enterprise
by David LeslieThe environmental quality and popularity of any tourist destination is the outcome of sustained development, shaped by the socio-economic and physical dimensions of the local environment. Protecting the 'living landscape' requires recognizing, promoting and developing the links between economic, social and environmental objectives. This book therefore examines the tourism business in terms of 'greening' the local economy, people and environment, establishing the green agenda and investigating its application to the tourism sector.
Tourism Enterprise: Developments, Management and Sustainability (Routledge Advances In Tourism Ser.)
by David LeslieThe environmental quality and popularity of any tourist destination is the outcome of sustained development, shaped by the socio-economic and physical dimensions of the local environment. Protecting the ‘living landscape’ requires recognizing, promoting and developing the links between economic, social and environmental objectives. This book therefore examines the tourism business in terms of ‘greening’ the local economy, people and environment, establishing the green agenda and investigating its application to the tourism sector.
Tourism Enterprises and Sustainable Development: International Perspectives on Responses to the Sustainability Agenda (Routledge Advances in Tourism)
by David LeslieThe tourism industry has increasingly recognized and responded to growing environmental concerns. In recent years, there has been an emergence of a variety of categories of tourism considered more environmentally friendly: green, eco-tourism, and sustainable tourism. Much of the literature that has addressed these developments has been orientated to the destination locale or specific to a development. These texts have not sought to investigate and examine the response of government/national tourist organizations to the international sustainability agenda and the responses/actions of tourism enterprises to this "greening" agenda. This text aims to address this remarkable gap. This indispensable contribution to the field provides a comprehensive, state of the art perspective on progress towards the objectives of sustainable development within the tourism sector across the globe by focusing on the environmental performance and adoption of environmental management systems by tourism enterprises.
Tourism Enterprises and the Sustainability Agenda across Europe (New Directions In Tourism Analysis Ser.)
by David LeslieWith the emphasis on small enterprises, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of what is happening across Europe in terms of sustainable development objectives and sustainability in the context of tourism supply. Each contribution in this edited collection addresses specific aspects of tourism enterprise activity within the overall context of policy and practice aimed at improving environmental performance. A series of broader issues are examined such as EU environmental policy and initiatives as they relate to tourism, social issues such as equity and employment, and transport, followed by detailed examples of specific case studies. Well-informed and based on current research this book is informative and invaluable to any one studying tourism and hospitality today, particularly those involved directly or indirectly in the fields of policy, planning and development.
Tourism Entrepreneurship in Portugal and Spain: Competitive Landscapes and Innovative Business Models (Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management)
by João Leitão Vanessa Ratten Vitor BragaThis contributed volume introduces the innovative landscapes and business models used in tourism entrepreneurship initiatives of Portugal and Spain. It provides benchmarks for entrepreneurial initiatives covering tourism services, place-branded tourism, social networks, spiritual tourism, cross-border tourism initiatives, and tourism in low-density regions. It also provides guidelines for future strategic actions to foster rural and sustainable development in alternative tourism destinations, following the Iberian experience.
Tourism Entrepreneurship: Knowledge and Challenges for a Sustainable Future (Sustainable Development Goals Series)
by Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson Desiderio J. García-Almeida Guðrún Þóra Gunnarsdóttir Thorhallur Orn GudlaugssonThis book explores how entrepreneurship can be a driving force for the tourism industry and a solution to various sustainability issues that the sector is experiencing, such as employment and inclusion issues and the social and environmental impact of tourism. Based on the premise that the energising force of entrepreneurship in the tourism industry positively affects the supply of tourism and hospitality services as well as job creation, economic stimulus, and the development of destinations, the book explores how entrepreneurship can provide opportunities for the development of tourism and society. More specifically, the book contributes to different SDG goals (8 Decent Work and Economic Growth, 9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure, 1 No poverty, and 10 Reduced Inequalities) by highlighting the efforts made by entrepreneurs to create jobs and contribute to economic growth. Covering the processes and factors that facilitate or hamper the successful establishment and growth of tourism firms, as well as providing insight into the various processes of innovation, the book gives examples of how entrepreneurship plays a part in sustaining resilient and robust economies. Ultimately, this volume makes the case that entrepreneurs are at the forefront of shaping as well as dealing with impact of tourism. Chapters offers questions and ideas for how to move towards a more sustainable future.
Tourism Ethics
by David A. FennellTourism Ethics applies moral concepts and issues to some of the most vexing tourism dilemmas of the day, through foundational research from many disciplines including biology, psychology, anthropology, geography and philosophy. Areas of emphasis include sex tourism, all-inclusives, ecotourism, justice, rights, deontology and teleology.
Tourism Ethnographies: Ethics, Methods, Application and Reflexivity (Routledge Advances in Tourism and Anthropology)
by Hazel Andrews Takamitsu Jimura Laura DixonHow is ethnography practiced in the context of tourism? As a multi- and interdisciplinary area of academic enquiry, the use of ethnography to study tourism is found in an increasingly diverse number of settings. This book is a collection of essays that discuss the practice of ethnography in tourism settings. Scholars from different countries share their work. Reflecting on their experiences, each author presents an individual insight into the complexities of ethnographic practice in destinations from around the globe, including Amsterdam, Angola, Bali, Greece, India, Namibia, Portugal, Spain and the UK. The book explores a range of themes including obtaining institutional ethical approval; the ethics of fieldwork in-situ; the use of oral histories; the role of memory; and empowerment and disempowerment in field relations. It looks at gender issues in negotiating entrance to the field, the use of collaborative fieldwork in teaching, team ethnographies, and reflections on writing up. This is the first book to bring together several tourism scholars using ethnography as their research method. It gives insight into the experience of this unique technique and will be a useful guide for those new to the field, as well as the more seasoned ethnographer who may recognise similar experiences to their own.
Tourism Events in Asia: Marketing and Development (Routledge Advances in Event Research Series)
by Azizul Hassan Anukrati SharmaThe roles and impacts of planned events within tourism are of increasing importance for destination competitiveness. Tourism Events in Asia is a unique contribution to the understanding of the impacts of events in the development planning, promotion and marketing of destinations in the rapidly growing tourism market of Asia. Balancing theory and practical examples, the book analyses the tools and techniques of branding, marketing and media involvement as well as visitor motivations for successful tourism events in Asia. It reviews a range of different event types from dark tourism festivals, film tourism festivals, cultural heritage tourism festivals, food tourism festivals, business events, sports events; and meeting, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) and much more. Written by an international team of authors, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in the Asian tourism events market and will be a valuable resource for students and researchers of events, tourism, marketing and branding.
Tourism Experiences and Animal Consumption: Contested Values, Morality and Ethics (Routledge Research in the Ethics of Tourism Series)
by Carol KlineThis book provides an interdisciplinary discussion of animals as a source of food within the context of tourism. It focuses on a range of ethical issues associated with the production and consumption of animal foods, highlighting the different ways in which animals are valued and utilised within different cultural and economic contexts. This book brings together food studies of animals with tourism and ethics, forming an important contribution to the wider conversation of human-animal studies.
Tourism Fictions, Simulacra and Virtualities (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility)
by Maria Gravari-Barbas Nelson Graburn Jean-François StaszakTourism Fictions, Simulacra and Virtualities offers a new understanding of tourism’s interaction with space, questioning the ways in which fictions, simulacra and virtualities express tourism in the built environment and vice versa. Since its beginnings, tourism has inspired themed built environments that have a constitutive, and sometimes problematic, relationship with the “real” world and its architectural references. This volume questions and rethinks the different environments constructed or adapted both for and by tourism exploring the relationship between the “real” and the “unreal” within the tourist bubble and the ways in which the real world inspires simulacra for tourism use. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach this book touches on a wide range of geographical areas, eras and subjects such as post-socialist tourism in Poland, the Hawaiian imaginary in Las Vegas, Rio de Janeiro’s Little Africa, as well as multiple instances of virtual reality in tourism. This timely and innovative volume will be of great interest to upper level students, researchers and academics in tourism, architecture, cultural studies, geography and heritage studies.
Tourism Forecasting and Marketing
by Kevin Wong Haiyan SongStay up to date with the most effective practices in tourism demand forecasting! Tourism Forecasting and Marketing presents vital, up-to-date research on the latest practice and applications of tourism demand modeling and forecasting. The book addresses both econometric and time series approaches to forecasting, focusing on the concepts, model specification, data analysis, and methodologies used in day-to-day tourism planning. An international panel of practitioners and academics call on a diverse range of empirical research findings to discuss commonly used theoretical frameworks for forecasting and future directions tourism demand is likely to take. Tourism Forecasting and Marketing presents research findings from the United States, the United Kingdom, Asia, and Australia that are invaluable for guiding government and private sector tourism investment and development decisions. The book addresses traditional versus modern forecasting techniques; evaluations of current and past forecasting methods; modeling and forecasting destination choice; and the impact of forecasting and marketing on tourism demand. Topics include: using time series models to forecast inbound tourism demand for China and Greece determining the economic factors that influence tourism demand in Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Malaysia examining domestic travel expenditures in South Korea developing a model to forecast ski tourism using the Palmore cohort analysis for tourism forecasting and much more! Tourism Forecasting and Marketing is an important textbook for educators and students working in tourism policy planning and management, and tourism marketing. The book is equally effective as a reference for travel and tourism researchers, and for professionals dealing with tourism demand analysis and forecasting.
Tourism Geography: A New Synthesis
by Stephen WilliamsFor human geographers, a central theme within the discipline is interpreting and understanding our changing world a world in which geographic patterns are constantly being reworked by powerful forces of change. These forces include population shifts, new patterns of economic production and consumption, evolving social and political structures, new forms of urbanism, and globalisation and the compressions of time and space that are the product of the ongoing revolutions in information technology and telecommunications. This book attempts to show how tourism has also come to be a major force for change as an integral and indispensable part of the places in which we live, their economies and their societies. When scarcely a corner of the globe remains untouched by the influence of tourism, this is a phenomenon that we can no longer ignore. Tourism is also an intensely geographic phenomenon. It exists through the desire of people to move in search of embodied experience of other places as individuals and en mass and at scales from the local to the increasingly global. Tourism creates distinctive relationships between people (as tourists) and the host spaces, places and people they visit, which has significant implications for destination development and resource use and exploitation, which are exhibited through a range of economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts that have important implications for local geographies. This third edition of "Tourism Geography: " "critical understandings of place, space and experience "presents an essential understanding of critical perspectives on how tourism places and spaces are created and maintained. Drawing on the holistic nature of geography, a range of social science disciplinary views are presented, including both historical and contemporary perspectives. Fundamentally, however, the book strives to connect tourism to key geographical concepts of globalisation, mobility, production and consumption, physical landscapes, and post-industrial change. The book is arranged in five parts. Part I provides an overview of fundamental tourism definitions and concepts, along with an introduction to some of the major themes in contemporary geographic research on tourism, which are further developed in subsequent chapters of this book. In Part II the discussion focuses on how spatial patterns of modern tourism have evolved through time from regional to global geographies. Part III offers an extended discussion of how tourism relates to places that are toured through their economic landscape, contemporary environmental change and socio-cultural relations. Part IV explores a range of major themes in the geographies of tourism, including place creation and promotion, the transformation of urban tourism, heritage and place identity, and creating personal identity through consumption, encounters with nature and other embodied forms of tourism experience. Part V turns to applied geography with an overview of the different roles of planning for tourism as a means of spatial regulation of the activity, and a look at emerging themes in the critical geography of contemporary and future geographies of tourism. This third edition has been revised by Dr Alan A. Lew, who becomes the new co-author of "Tourism Geography. " Some of the major revisions that I have incorporated include moving most of the case study boxes to the website http: //tourismgeography. com, which will provide a growing wealth of new case studies, over time. I have also incorporated new material, reorganised some of the content to balance the topics covered, created a new concluding chapter that explores some recently emerging perspectives in critical tourism geography, and re-written the text to make it more accessible to a global English-speaking world. That said, the book is still very much the work of Dr Stephen Williams. As such, it maintains its original concise yet comprehensive review of contemporary tourism geography an
Tourism Geography: Critical Understandings of Place, Space and Experience (Contemporary Human Geography Ser.)
by Stephen Williams Alan A. LewFor human geographers, a central theme within the discipline is interpreting and understanding our changing world - a world in which geographic patterns are constantly being reworked by powerful forces of change. These forces include population shifts, new patterns of economic production and consumption, evolving social and political structures, new forms of urbanism, and globalisation and the compressions of time and space that are the product of the ongoing revolutions in information technology and telecommunications. This book attempts to show how tourism has also come to be a major force for change as an integral and indispensable part of the places in which we live, their economies and their societies. When scarcely a corner of the globe remains untouched by the influence of tourism, this is a phenomenon that we can no longer ignore. Tourism is also an intensely geographic phenomenon. It exists through the desire of people to move in search of embodied experience of other places as individuals and en mass and at scales from the local to the increasingly global. Tourism creates distinctive relationships between people (as tourists) and the host spaces, places and people they visit, which has significant implications for destination development and resource use and exploitation, which are exhibited through a range of economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts that have important implications for local geographies. This third edition of Tourism Geography: critical understandings of place, space and experience presents an essential understanding of critical perspectives on how tourism places and spaces are created and maintained. Drawing on the holistic nature of geography, a range of social science disciplinary views are presented, including both historical and contemporary perspectives. Fundamentally, however, the book strives to connect tourism to key geographical concepts of globalisation, mobility, production and consumption, physical landscapes, and post-industrial change. The book is arranged in five parts. Part I provides an overview of fundamental tourism definitions and concepts, along with an introduction to some of the major themes in contemporary geographic research on tourism, which are further developed in subsequent chapters of this book. In Part II the discussion focuses on how spatial patterns of modern tourism have evolved through time from regional to global geographies. Part III offers an extended discussion of how tourism relates to places that are toured through their economic landscape, contemporary environmental change and socio-cultural relations. Part IV explores a range of major themes in the geographies of tourism, including place creation and promotion, the transformation of urban tourism, heritage and place identity, and creating personal identity through consumption, encounters with nature and other embodied forms of tourism experience. Part V turns to applied geography with an overview of the different roles of planning for tourism as a means of spatial regulation of the activity, and a look at emerging themes in the critical geography of contemporary and future geographies of tourism. This third edition has been revised by Dr Alan A. Lew, who becomes the new co-author of Tourism Geography. Some of the major revisions that I have incorporated include moving most of the case study boxes to the website http://tourismgeography.com, which will provide a growing wealth of new case studies, over time. I have also incorporated new material, reorganised some of the content to balance the topics covered, created a new concluding chapter that explores some recently emerging perspectives in critical tourism geography, and re-written the text to make it more accessible to a global English-speaking world. That said, the book is still very much the work of Dr Stephen Williams. As such, it maintains its original concise yet comprehensive review of contemporary tourism geography and the ways in which geographers critically interpret this important global phenomenon. It is written as an int...
Tourism Imaginaries at the Disciplinary Crossroads: Place, Practice, Media (New Directions in Tourism Analysis)
by Maria Gravari-Barbas Nelson GraburnMaria Gravari-Barbas is Professor of Geography at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne. She is also in charge of the IREST (Institute of Research and Higher Studies on tourism) and EIREST (Interdisciplinary Research Group on Tourism Studies). She leads the UNESCO Chair "Culture, Tourism, Development" and coordinates the UNESCO UNITWIN network of the same name. Nelson Graburn is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of California Berkeley. He is a founding member of the International Academy for the Study of Tourism, the Research Committee on Tourism (RC-50) of the International Sociological Association, and the Tourism Studies Working Group at U C Berkeley, and serves on the editorial board (for anthropology) of Annals of Tourism Research.
Tourism Imaginaries: Anthropological Approaches
by Noel B. Salazar Nelson H. H. GraburnIt is hard to imagine tourism without the creative use of seductive, as well as restrictive, imaginaries about peoples and places. These socially shared assemblages are collaboratively produced and consumed by a diverse range of actors around the globe. As a nexus of social practices through which individuals and groups establish places and peoples as credible objects of tourism, "tourism imaginaries" have yet to be fully explored. Presenting innovative conceptual approaches, this volume advances ethnographic research methods and critical scholarship regarding tourism and the imaginaries that drive it. The various authors contribute methodologically as well as conceptually to anthropology's grasp of the images, forces, and encounters of the contemporary world.
Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management
by Peter MasonTourism Impacts, Planning and Management is a unique text, which links these three crucial areas of tourism - impacts, planning and management.Tourism impacts are multi-faceted and therefore are difficult to plan for and manage. Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management looks at all the key players involved – be they tourists, host communities or industry members – and considers a number of approaches and techniques for managing tourism successfully.Now in a second edition, this bestselling text has been fully revised with updated statistics and case studies, including the Bali bombings, Stonehenge and tour guiding, plus all-new material on the planning process in developed countries, community action planning in Canada, the role of zoos, pro-poor tourism in Southern Africa, government planning in Dubai, lodge development in Thailand and the use of IT in planning in Sri Lanka.Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management is invaluable for tourism undergraduates and is suitable as introductory material for postgraduate tourism management courses, as well as being a useful tool for those studying related courses.
Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management
by Peter MasonTourism Impacts, Planning and Management is a unique text, which links the three crucial areas of tourism: impacts, planning and management. Tourism impacts are multifaceted and are therefore difficult to plan for and manage. This title looks at all the key players involved – be they tourists, host communities or industry members – and considers a number of approaches and techniques for managing tourism impacts successfully. Now in its Fourth Edition, this bestselling text has been fully revised to include: new material on overtourism, dark tourism, child sex tourism in South East Asia, festival tourism, regional development and Artificial Intelligence updated tourism data and statistics new case studies on the economic impacts of tourism in France, the 20 places most reliant on tourism in 2018, Fáilte Ireland’s survey of good environmental practice in the industry, corporate social responsibility, as well as the above topical issues in tourism an updated Companion Website that includes PowerPoints, video and web links and a case study archive. The text is written in an accessible style and includes a plethora of features that engage and aid understanding. This accessible yet academically rigorous introduction to tourism impacts, planning and management is essential reading for all tourism students.
Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management
by Peter MasonTourism Impacts, Planning and Management is a unique text, which links these three crucial areas of tourism - impacts, planning and management. Tourism impacts are multi-faceted and therefore are difficult to plan for and manage. This title looks at all the key players involved - be they tourists, host communities or industry members - and considers a number of approaches and techniques for managing tourism impacts successfully. Now in a third edition, this bestselling text has been fully revised to include: New material on: terrorism, sustainability, climate change, sex tourism, heritage tourism, theories of tourism planning and GIS. New chapter on Destination Planning and Management Updated tourism data and statistics Case studies on urban tourism, pro-poor tourism, cruise ship tourism, coral reef tourism, historic monuments, eco-labels, codes of conduct and sustainable tourism from both developed and developing regions, including Australia, Iceland, Spain, the UK, Namibia, the Arctic and Antarctica. A companion website including PPTs, video and web links. The text is written in an accessible style and includes a plethora of features that engage and aid understanding. This accessible yet academically rigorous introduction to tourism impacts, planning and management is essential reading for all tourism students.
Tourism Informatics
by Tokuro Matsuo Kiyota Hashimoto Hidekazu IwamotoThis book introduces new trends of theory and practice of information technologies in tourism. The book does not handle only the fundamental contribution, but also discusses innovative and emerging technologies to promote and develop new generation tourism informatics theory and their applications. Some chapters are concerned with data analysis, web technologies, social media and their case studies. Travel information on the web provided by travelers is very useful for other travelers make their travel plan. A chapter in this book proposes a method for interactive retrieval of information on accommodation facilities to support travelling customers in their travel preparations. Also an adaptive user interface for personalized transportation guidance system is proposed. Another chapter in this book shows a novel support system for the collaborative tourism planning by using the case reports that are collected via Internet. Also, a system for recommending hotels for the users is proposed and evaluated. Other chapters are concerned with recommendation, personalization and other emerging technologies.
Tourism Information Technology
by Pierre Benckendorff Pauline Sheldon Daniel FesenmaierThis second edition of 'Tourism Information Technology' continues to cover the complexities of how information technology is being used in the tourism industry. Fully updated, it covers IT applications in all sectors of the industry including airlines, travel intermediaries, accommodation, foodservice, destinations, attractions, events and entertainment. Organised around the stages of the visitor journey, it covers how tourists are using technologies to support decision making before their trip, during their travels and upon their return. This revised edition also includes the various social media that are impacting the travel industry and consider the increasing number of networks in tourism. View the free online resources for this book.
Tourism Information Technology: Proceedings Of The International Conference In Dublin, Ireland, January 21-24 2014 (CABI Tourism Texts)
by Pierre Benckendorff Pauline Sheldon Zheng XiangThe third edition of Tourism Information Technology provides a contemporary update on the complexities of using information technology in the tourism industry. It examines IT applications in all sectors including airlines, travel intermediaries, accommodation, food service, destinations, attractions, events and entertainment. Fully updated throughout and organised around the stages of the visitor journey, the book reviews how tourists are using technologies to support decision-making before their trip, during their travels and at the destination. The book: - Provides comprehensive and up to date coverage of all key topics in tourism information technologies. - Covers new areas, such as augmented and virtual reality, robotics, smart destinations, disruptive innovation and the collaborative economy, crowd-sourcing for sustainability, online reputation management and big data. - Incorporates a wealth of pedagogic features to aid student learning, including key models and concepts, research and industry insights, case studies, key terms, discussion questions, and links to useful websites. Accompanied by online resources, this book provides a comprehensive and learning-focused text for students of tourism and related subjects.