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Events Management: Principles and Practice
by Razaq Raj Paul Walters Mr Tahir RashidThe new edition of this popular accessible text gives students a thorough and contemporary grounding in both the fundamentals and strategic responsibilities of successful event management. Purposefully broad in scope, the text combines theory with practical knowledge and terminology, ensuring readers develop a flexible and commercially-acute skill set. <P><P> Topics covered range from law, marketing and finance to introductory guides to sound, lighting and multimedia equipment, providing students with the practical knowledge they need for a career in Events Management. Theory is brought to life in a range of case studies and examples throughout the text. <P> As well as updated examples and legislation, this edition introduces new chapters on:<P> * Event entrepreneurship<P> * Project management and financing<P> * New Multimedia technology for events organisers<P> * Sustainable festivals and events<P> * Long term legacy and impacts<P> * The future of the industry<P> An accompanying Companion Website provides students with discussion questions and video links. The website also provides an Instructor's Manual and PowerPoint slides for lecturers. <P> This text is an ideal resource for undergraduate students who are studying Events Management for the first time. <P> Visit the Companion Website at www.sagepub.co.uk/raj
Events Management: Principles and Practice
by Razaq Raj Paul Walters Tahir RashidEvents Management provides an introductory overview of the fundamentals in managing events from conception to delivery, highlighting both the theoretical and operational aspects, to prepare students for a career in events management and hospitality. Now in its Third Edition, the authors have included new chapters on Crowd Control and Crowd Dynamic; Expos, Conferences and Conventions; Brand Co-creation and Social Media, and have added new content on contemporary trends like the environmental and social impact of large scale events such as the Olympics. International case studies covering all manner of events are used throughout and include: · The impact of the London 2012 and Rio 2016 Olympic Games · Van Gogh Augmented Reality in Nuenen · Sands EXPO and Convention Center, Las Vegas · Glastonbury Music Festival · Lame Horse Night Club, Russia · The Leeds Caribbean Festival PowerPoint slides and an Instructor Manual can be found online. Suitable for Events Management students at Undergraduate and Postgraduate level.
Events Management: Principles and Practice
by Razaq Raj Paul Walters Tahir RashidEvents Management provides an introductory overview of the fundamentals in managing events from conception to delivery, highlighting both the theoretical and operational aspects, to prepare students for a career in events management and hospitality. Now in its Third Edition, the authors have included new chapters on Crowd Control and Crowd Dynamic; Expos, Conferences and Conventions; Brand Co-creation and Social Media, and have added new content on contemporary trends like the environmental and social impact of large scale events such as the Olympics. International case studies covering all manner of events are used throughout and include: · The impact of the London 2012 and Rio 2016 Olympic Games · Van Gogh Augmented Reality in Nuenen · Sands EXPO and Convention Center, Las Vegas · Glastonbury Music Festival · Lame Horse Night Club, Russia · The Leeds Caribbean Festival PowerPoint slides and an Instructor Manual can be found online. Suitable for Events Management students at Undergraduate and Postgraduate level.
Events Marketing Management: A consumer perspective
by Ivna ReicThis textbook provides students with an essential introduction to the theoretical underpinnings and practicalities of managing the marketing of events. In order to market events effectively, it is vital to consider marketing of events from the organiser’s perspective and to link it to that of the consumers attending events. As such, this is the first book on the topic which reflects the unique characteristics of marketing in the Events industry by exploring both sides of the marketing coin – the supply and the demand – in the specific context of events. The book takes the reader from core marketing mix principles to exploring the event marketing landscape to consumer experience and involvement with event marketing and finally strategies and tactics employed to manage the marketing activities related to events. The use of technology, importance of sponsorship and PR are also considered. International case studies are integrated throughout to show practical realities of marketing and managing events and a range of useful learning aids are incorporated to aid navigation throughout the book, spur critical thinking and further students’ knowledge. This accessible and comprehensive account of Events Marketing and Management is essential reading for all students and future managers.
Events Project Management
by Hanya Pielichaty Georgiana Els Ian Reed Vanessa MawerThis book provides events management students with an accessible and essential introduction to project management. Written by both academics and industry experts, Events Project Management offers a unique blend of theory and practice to encourage and contextualise project management requirements within events settings. Key questions include: What is project management? How does it connect to events management? What is effective project management within the events sector? How does academic theory connect to practice? The book is coherently structured into 12 chapters covering crucial event management topics such as stakeholders, supply chain management, project management tools and techniques, and financial and legal issues. Guides, templates, case study examples, industry tips and activity tasks are integrated in the text and online to show practice and aid knowledge. Written in an engaging style, this text offers the reader a thorough understanding of how to successfully project manage an event from the creative idea to the concrete product. It is essential reading for all events management students.
Events Tourism: Critical Insights and Contemporary Perspectives (Routledge Critical Event Studies Research Series.)
by Violet V. Cuffy; Fiona Bakas; and Willem J. L. CoetzeeThis book presents critical insights and contemporary perspectives for exploring current trends, concerns and prospects of events tourism. It examines modern-day global issues facing the events and tourism industry, policymakers, researchers and academics to advance understanding of practice and development of theory. Organised in four parts, this book examines how events tourism is designed, planned and delivered. The first part engages with the core, fundamental concepts of events tourism which establish a basic understanding of the field. The second part addresses contemporary issues related to visitor attractions, music festivals, small and user-generated events, wanderlust and entrepreneurship. The third part focuses on meetings and challenges in the conference industry after disasters, the economic impact and other dilemmas of mega-events, and city and destination concerns. The fourth and final part provides a peek into the future of events tourism vis-à-vis reshaping cities, music festivals and critical dilemmas of the 21st century. With an international appeal because of cross-national contributions, this book will interest events and tourism practitioners, academics, students, researchers, policymakers, and business and investment sector professionals across the globe.
Events and Economic Development: Bridging Theory and Practice (Routledge How Events Transform Society series)
by Mike DuignanEvents and Economic Development explores the economic impact and developmental implications of designing, planning, and delivering major events – from cultural events like the Notting Hill Carnival and Day of the Dead, to sporting events like the Olympics to the Super Bowl.This book comprises 24 chapters, each addressing various diverse and interconnected topics related to the economic and development implications of hosting events. Each chapter follows a consistent structure, beginning with the aim and learning objective(s), followed by theoretical focuses and the significance of these perspectives. Similarly, practical focuses and their significance are also outlined. The main body of each chapter consists of an 800 to 2000-word argument. Following the argument, chapters include managerial, policy, and/or research implications, explicitly mapping how they relate to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Each chapter concludes with a series of quizzes to test knowledge and debate questions to engage learners in discussing and interrogating the argument.Some of the topics covered include: Nation Branding through Events Urban Transformation via Events Commercialization of Culture and Events Crisis and Resilience in Event Management Sustainability in Event Hosting Cultural Identity and Heritage Preservation Globalization of Sports and Festivals Media and Narrative Evolution Ethics and Sponsorship in Events Community Impacts and Gentrification This innovative, topical, engaging, and comprehensive book is an essential reading and teaching resource for all students and lecturers in events that are easy to integrate into educational programmes.
Events and Infrastructures: Critical Interrogations (ISSN)
by Ian R. Lamond Barbara GrabherInnovative and the first of its kind, this informative and multidisciplinary book explores the socio-cultural significance inherent in event infrastructures.While mainstream event management literature addresses event infrastructures mainly through its operational relevance, this carefully compiled edited volume takes infrastructures as an analytical point in respect to its social, political, economic and cultural potential of the study of events. Borrowing from the ongoing social scientific debates on the geography, sociology and anthropology of infrastructures, critical questions are posed in relation to the event contexts. With references to events in Argentina, Malawi, Spain and the UK, among others, the volume combines an international perspective with a highly relevant subject for contemporary event management education.By bringing together theoretical as well as empirical readings on the question of event infrastructures from a critical point of view, the debates are relevant to practitioners and researchers as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students in the field of events, leisure, tourism, anthropology, sociology, geography and urban planning – among others.
Events and Society: Bridging Theory and Practice (Routledge How Events Transform Society series)
by Mike DuignanEvents of all shapes and sizes play an important part in all of our lives. They are fun, frivolous, and often allow us to escape from our everyday lives – and they are also fascinating to study and examine in a more serious way, to understand what they mean and what they do for us – individually and collectively. Events in Society, therefore, explores the social impact and sociological implications of designing, planning, and delivering events – cultural events like the Edinburgh Fringe Festival; sporting events like the Olympic and Paralympic Games and FIFA World Cup; to music festivals like Glastonbury.Thirty carefully selected contributions feature, written by global experts in a short and succinct way that are easy to digest, covering a variety of disciplines, fields, contexts, and cases. Every chapter explores a critical issue or debate based on real-life events, and contextualises this within the key theoretical debates, managerial, and policy implications. Throughout, there are linkages to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, as well as interactive features to aid understanding and spur critical thinking, including learning objectives, quiz questions, and debate questions per chapter.Some of the topics covered include: Uniting nations and people Personal experiences and transformations Social critique and explorations Activism Programming and representation Health, safety, and security Identity and gender LGBTQ+ Environmentalism Displacement and exclusion Education and participation Community development Disability and accessibility This innovative, topical, engaging, and comprehensive book is an essential reading and teaching resource for all students and lecturers in events that are easy to integrate into educational programmes.
Events and Sustainability
by Michael Hughes Jack Carlsen Kirsten Holmes Judith MairIncreasing concerns over climate and environmental change, the global economic and financial crisis and impacts on host communities, audiences, participants and destinations has reinforced the need for more sustainable approaches to events. Sustainability now features as part of the bid process for many mega-events, such as the Olympic Games, as well as significant regional and local events, where the event organisers are required by funding bodies and governments to generate broader outcomes for the locality. This book is the first to offer students a comprehensive introduction to the full range of issues and topics relevant to event sustainability including impacts, operating and policy environments, stimulating urban regeneration and creating lasting legacies, as well as practical knowledge on how to achieve a sustainable event. Taking a holistic approach drawing on multidisciplinary theory it offers insight into the economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts and how these can be adapted or mitigated. Theory and practice are linked through integrated case studies based on a wide range of event types from mega events to community festivals to show impacts, best practice and how better sustainable practice can be achieved in the future. Learning objectives, discussion questions and further reading suggestions are included to aid understanding and further knowledge; additional resources for lecturers and students including power point slides, video and web links are available online. Events and Sustainability is essential reading for all events management students and future managers.
Events and The Social Sciences
by Hazel Andrews Teresa LeopoldAs the events management field expands as an area of study, there is a need to move beyond the business and marketing-driven approaches which dominate the literature towards a more advanced conceptual analysis and understanding of events from a socio-cultural context. This book addresses this need by examining intersections between the social sciences and the emerging field of events management. It applies and specifically contextualises social science theories within the discourse of events to provide a greater understanding of the significance of events in contemporary society. It first outlines the value of approaching the study of events from a social science perspective, and then moves on to an in-depth exploration of relevant theories exploring topics such as identity, culture, consumerism, representation and place. It concludes with a summary of each chapter and a discussion of ways in which events can be further explored through the lens of the social sciences. The book features international case studies based on a variety of event types ranging from sports events, religious and cultural events and community events, which are used throughout to address contemporary issues and show theory in practice. 'Think Points' are integrated into each chapter to encourage the reader to reflect on theories, and each chapter concludes with summary points, further reading and links to useful websites to consolidate learning and further knowledge. This book will provide upper-level students, academics and researchers interested in events, as well as those from related social science disciplines, with a robust socio-cultural conceptual analysis of the subject and a greater understanding of the significance of events in contemporary society.
Events and Urban Regeneration: The Strategic Use of Events to Revitalise Cities
by Andrew SmithIn recent years, major sporting and cultural events such as the Olympic Games have emerged as significant elements of public policy, particularly in efforts to achieve urban regeneration. As well as opportunities arising from new venues, these events are viewed as a way of stimulating investment, gaining civic engagement and publicizing progress to assist the urban regeneration process more generally. However, the pursuit of regeneration involving events is a practice that is poorly understood, controversial and risky. Events and Urban Regeneration is the first book dedicated to the use of events in regeneration. It explores the relationship between events and regeneration by analyzing a range of cities and a range of sporting and cultural events projects. It considers various theoretical perspectives to provide insight into why major events are important to contemporary cites. It examines the different ways that events can assist regeneration, as well as problems and issues associated with this unconventional form of public policy. It identifies key issues faced by those tasked with using events to assist regeneration and suggests how practices could be improved in the future. The book adopts a multi-disciplinary perspective, drawing together ideas from the geography, urban planning and tourism literatures, as well as from the emerging events and regeneration fields. It illustrates arguments with a range of international case studies placed within and at the end of chapters to show positive outcomes that have been achieved and examples of high profile failures. This timely book is essential reading for students and practitioners who are interested in events, urban planning, urban geography and tourism.
Events and Well-being (Routledge Critical Event Studies Research Series.)
by Allan Stewart Jepson; Trudie WaltersThis book is the first to take an in-depth examination of events and well-being, adopting a much-needed critical approach to the study of events. It uses empirical case studies to help us better understand how events foster positive well-being or counter negative well-being for event organisers, participants, spectators, volunteers and even non-attending local residents. While researchers have long understood socialisation as the major motivation to attend contemporary festivals and events, it is only just being acknowledged that well-being is also a key motivator. Those researching in the field of event studies are yet to clearly articulate "the how, why, where, and impacts of socialisation." This multidisciplinary book draws together empirical research across a range of event types and sizes, from music festivals to mega sports events, to provide a nuanced understanding of their contribution to the well-being of individuals and communities. Case studies are drawn from around the world and apply a diverse range of theoretical lenses to the conceptualisation of well-being as it applies to events and methodologies used to achieve research aims and objectives. This significant volume will be valuable reading for students and academics in the fields of sport studies, critical event studies, queer studies, cultural studies, tourism, music, sociology and end-of-life studies.
Events and the Environment
by Robert CaseMany of our planet’s support systems are in crisis. Climate change, resource shortages and environmental pollution threaten our economy and lifestyles. Society as a whole needs to adopt policies that can meet these challenges. The ever expanding event industry is no exception. Anyone involved in organising and managing events needs to understand the complex relationship between events and the environment so that they can implement sustainable management practices. This is the first book to provide a thorough exploration of the multi-dimensional relationships between events and the environment. It achieves this by not only critically evaluating the positive and negative impacts on the environment but also by reviewing the ways the events industry uses the environment as a resource and how the environment helps to shape events. It traces the evolution of the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development and the implementation of environmental legislation. It offers insights into how sustainable measurement practices can be incorporated into the planning, management and monitoring of events and concludes by reflecting on some of the future environmental issues that still need to be resolved within the industry. It illustrates these ideas with a wide range of case studies at a variety of scales and geographical locations on all the earth’s continents. To encourage reflection on the principal themes and promote critical thinking, there are discussion questions and links to further reading in each chapter. This book is essential reading for students of Events Management.
Events as a Strategic Marketing Tool
by Dorothe Gerritsen Ronald Van OlderenExperiences, encounters and events have come to play an ever-growing role in marketing as their impact is more fully understood. As a profession, however, event marketing is still a relatively new field, with most available literature covering practical project management rather than the strategy behind including events in a marketing campaign. Addressing this gap, Events as a Strategic Marketing Tool reviews the way organizations utilize events to connect with their visitors. It covers the development of the experience economy, the step from strategy to concept, event design and touchpoints. Written in an accessible style, it also considers the areas of marketing within which experiences play a role, such as branding, relationship marketing and city marketing. Concluding with a chapter on effect measurement and evaluation, Events as a Strategic Marketing Tool provides an engaging resource for both students and professionals interested in leisure, tourism and events. Including a wealth of internationally relevant examples, it gives a thorough insight into the way events can help reach strategic marketing goals.
Events as a Strategic Marketing Tool (Tourism Studies)
by Dorothé Gerritsen Ronald van OlderenEvents have come to play an ever-growing role in marketing; by connecting products and services with experiences and vice versa, producers can create important added value. Events as a Strategic Marketing Tool, 2nd edition describes how events can be used as a strategic tool in marketing practices. Fully updated and with new case studies throughout, this second edition reviews the way organizations use events to connect with their visitors. It covers the development of the experience economy, the steps from strategy to concept, event design and touchpoints. It also considers the areas of marketing within which experiences play a role, such as branding, relationship marketing and city marketing. Concluding with a chapter on effect measurement and evaluation, and including a wealth of internationally relevant examples, the book gives a thorough insight into the way events can help reach strategic marketing goals. With coverage of a wide range of marketing areas, the book also includes content on cutting-edge topics such as neuromarketing, providing students with a comprehensive introduction to using events as part of the marketing mix. Contains numerous international examples that showcase the variety of ways that events can be used A wealth of images illustrate the theory, helping students to visualize concepts and improve understanding. This new edition provides an engaging resource for both students and professionals interested in leisure, tourism and events.
Events in the City: Using public spaces as event venues (Routledge Advances in Event Research Series)
by Andrew SmithCities are staging more events than ever. Within this macro-trend, there is another less acknowledged trend: more events are being staged in public spaces. Some events have always been staged in parks, streets and squares, but in recent years organisers have tried to bring events out of traditional venues and into prominent urban spaces. This is favoured by organisers seeking more memorable and more spectacular events, but also by authorities who want to animate urban space and make it more visible. This book will explore, account for and illustrate these trends. Most importantly, it will outline their implications. Whilst most accounts of events assume they play a positive role in our cities, the use of public spaces for events is controversial. Events can denigrate as well as animate public space. They can be seen as part of the commercialisation, privatisation and (over)regulation of public space noted by commentators in recent years. This innovative text offers significant insight into some of the key reasons why cities are staging more events in public spaces (the need to generate funds and market cities), what problems this causes (exclusion, commercialisation, disruption) and how effective management and regulation can help to secure more optimal outcomes for citizens. This topical and timely volume is valuable reading for higher level students, researchers and academics from Events, Urban Studies and Development studies.
Events, Places and Societies
by John Harris Nicholas WiseEvents can be synonymous with a particular place, helping shape and promote a location. Given the rise of the global events industry, this book uncovers how events impact upon places and societies, looking at a range of different events and geographical scales. Geographers are concerned with how notions of space and place impact people, communities and identity, and events have played a central role in how places are perceived, consumed and even contested. This book will discuss international event cases to frame knowledge around the increased demands, pressures and complexities that globalisation, transnationalism, regeneration and competitiveness has put on events, places and societies. Integrating discussions of theory and practice, this book will explore the range of conceptual perspectives linked to how geographers and sociologists understand events and the role events play in contemporary times. This involves recognizing histories and planning strategies, the purpose of bidding for an event or the local meanings that have emerged and changed in the place. This helps us analyse how events have the potential to redefine place identities. This international edited collection will appeal to academics across disciplines such as geography, planning and sociology, as well as students on events management and events studies courses.
Events, Society and Sustainability: Critical and Contemporary Approaches (Routledge Advances in Event Research Series)
by Tomas Pernecky Michael LückThe growth of the events industry brings with it concerns of sustainable management, the sharing of available resources, and ensuring that people and places are not over-exploited. While the environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability have attracted a reasonable attention in the study of events, the social and cultural aspects of sustainability have been largely neglected. This book brings together emerging critical perspectives, innovative conceptual frameworks and contemporary case studies. Events cannot be isolated from the actions of humans and this is reflected in the emphasis on people and society throughout. The next wave of sustainable discourse requires a critical synthesis of information and this book is the first to address the need for more critical approaches and a broader way of thinking about events and sustainability. Divided into five thematic parts, the contributions delve into understanding the mainstream stances towards sustainability, the role events play in indigenous cultures and in diasporic communities, and the extent to which events influence the public discourse and civic identity. Sustainability is also examined from a strategic perspective in the events sector, and consideration is given to issues such as corporate social responsibility, greenwashing, and the power of mulit-stakeholder alliances in promoting sustainability goals. Written by leading academics, this timely and important volume will be valuable reading for all students, researchers and academics interested in Events and the global issue of Sustainability.
Eventscapes: Transforming Place, Space and Experiences
by Graham BrownEventscapes: Transforming Place, Space and Experiences directly examines the interrelation between events’ simultaneous dependence on and transformation of the places in which they are held. This event–environment nexus is analysed through a variety of international case studies including different kinds of well-known sporting and cultural events such as Vivid Sydney, the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics and the Tour Down Under international cycle race, among others. Chapters focusing on visual design explore the opportunities, at different spatial scales, to develop an event ‘look’ and the ways in which an event experience can be enhanced through connecting and engaging with the local culture and community. As well as the planning and management of events, the book draws on event experience, dramaturgically examining the roles played by authors, actors and the audience, and emphasises the participation of multiple groups in the co-creation of event experiences. This will be invaluable reading for those studying events and the environment. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, it also draws on geography, urban and cultural studies, image studies, architecture and design, environmental psychology, and event management, and will be of use to a broad academic audience.
Everest 1922: The Epic Story of the First Attempt on the World's Highest Mountain
by Mick ConefreyThe dramatic and inspiring account of the very first attempt to climb Mount Everest, published to coincide with the centenary of the expedition of 1922.The first attempt on Everest in 1922 by George Leigh Mallory and a British team is an extraordinary story full of controversy, drama, and incident, populated by a set of larger-than-life characters straight out of an adventure novel. The expedition ended in tragedy when, on their third bid for the top, Mallory's party was hit by an avalanche that left seven men dead. Using diaries, letters, and unpublished accounts, Mick Conefrey creates a rich, character-driven narrative that explores the motivations and private dramas of the key individuals—detailing their backroom politics and bitter rivalries—who masterminded this epic adventure.
Everest, Inc.: The Renegades and Rogues Who Built an Industry at the Top of the World
by Will CockrellFeaturing original interviews with Everest mountain guides and climbers, this is &“a fast-moving, nuanced account of the peak&’s transformation from the ultimate mountaineering challenge into a booming business opportunity&” (Joshua Hammer, New York Times bestselling author). Anyone who has read Jon Krakauer&’s Into Thin Air or has seen a recent photo of climbers standing in line to get to the top of Everest may think they have a sense of what the world&’s highest mountain is like. It&’s an extreme landscape where bad weather and incredible altitude can kill; an overcrowded, trashed-out recreation destination; and a place where the rich exploit local Sherpas while padding their egos—and social media feeds. There&’s some truth to these clichés, but they&’re a sliver of the story. Unlike any book to date, Everest, Inc. is the definitive account of how a few daring entrepreneurs paired raw courage and naked ambition to get paying clients safely up and down Everest. Until the late eighties, such a thing was considered impossible. Within a few years, Everest guiding was a burgeoning industry. Today, ninety percent of the people on the mountain are clients or employees of guided expeditions. Studded with quotes from original interviews with more than a hundred Western and Sherpa climbers, clients, writers, and filmmakers—including Jimmy Chin and Conrad Anker—Everest, Inc. foregrounds the colorful voices of the people who have made the mountain what it is today. As professional climber and author Freddie Wilkinson says, &“Whether you are thinking about taking a crack at the world&’s highest peak or are simply an armchair mountaineer trying to make sense of the complex dynamics driving the modern Everest industry, Everest, Inc. should be required reading.&”
Everest: Reflections From The Top
by Christine Gee Garry Weare Margaret GeeOn 29 May 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first ever to set foot on the highest point on earth: the summit of Everest. It was a magical moment. Since then many men and women have striven to reach the top of this awesome mountain, which can be at once beautiful and mystical, unpredictable and highly dangerous, never straightforward and always incredibly tough. In this timely and remarkable book, published to celebrate the sixtieth anniversary of the original ascent, mountaineers from all round the world tell what motivated them to make their own summit bids. They highlight how it felt to reach the top and the impact it made on them, ranging from practical comments to spiritual reflections, to philosophical statements on the future of our planet, including contributions from climbers such as: Chris Bonington, Alan Hinkes, Eric Simonson, Reinhold Messner, Jamling Tenzing Norgay, Bear Grylls, Greg Mortimer, Junko Tabei, Peter Hillary, Doug Scott and Stephen Venables. Not only is this a fascinating and insightful collection to mark more than half a century of the highest adventure, it is also an inspiration to any one of us when we contemplate heroic achievements of our own - whatever they may be.
Everglades Wildguide
by Jean Craighead GeorgeHere is the story of the plants and animals of the Everglades, this country’s subtropical kingdom. Plants and animals found nowhere else in the 50 states are found here in abundance, though in an increasingly perilous state. In this handbook, first published in 1972, author and researcher Jean Craighead George brings to the telling of this story long years of study and understanding. Checklists and glossaries at the back buttress her account of the natural history of this national park.
Evergreen (Images of America)
by John SteinleEarly settlers were drawn to the Evergreen area for its unsurpassed beauty and natural resources. Ranching and lumber were the initial basis for Evergreen�s economy in the 1800s, and wealthy summer residents built prestigious second homes there. By 1920, Evergreen became a tourist mecca through development of the Denver Mountain Parks system and famed hotels, resorts, and dude ranches. From 1920 to 1942, Evergreen was the epicenter of outdoor recreation in Colorado. After World War II, a unique array of volunteer arts, nature, and charity organizations was created by Evergreen�s people. A bohemian era in the 1960s and 1970s brought artists, musicians, and hippies, including Willie Nelson, to Evergreen. Explosive growth after completion of Interstate 70 led to development of new festivals and attractions, including the magnificent parks of the Jefferson County Open Space system. Evergreen still retains an atmosphere of the legendary Old West, from its boardwalk along Main Street to its annual Evergreen Rodeo and Rodeo Parade to its surviving area ranches.