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Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Urban Areas
by Alexander Baklanov Maria Athanassiadou Sue Grimmond Alexander MahuraThis book for the first time gives an overall view of the current situation in urbanization of meteorological and air quality models around the world. It discusses and makes recommendations on the best practice and strategy for urbanization of different types of meteorological and air quality models. Based on the selected presentations given at the COST728 workshop, the contributions are arranged in four parts: urban morphology and databases; parameterizations of urban canopy; strategy for urbanization of different types of models; and evaluation and city case studies / field studies. The chapters treat either dynamic (on wind and turbulent) and thermal effects (on temperature and energy in general). The final chapter of this volume summarizes the discussion and conclusions from the four main topics and provides recommendations and future requirements. This monograph is oriented towards numerical weather prediction and air quality modelling communities.
Meteorological Measurements and Instrumentation (Advancing Weather and Climate Science)
by Giles HarrisonThis book describes the fundamental scientific principles underlying high quality instrumentation used for environmental measurements. It discusses a wide range of in situ sensors employed in practical environmental monitoring and, in particular, those used in surface based measurement systems. It also considers the use of weather balloons to provide a wealth of upper atmosphere data. To illustrate the technologies in use it includes many examples of real atmospheric measurements in typical and unusual circumstances, with a discussion of the electronic signal conditioning, data acquisition considerations and data processing principles necessary for reliable measurements. This also allows the long history of atmospheric measurements to be placed in the context of the requirements of modern climate science, by building the physical science appreciation of the instrumental record and looking forward to new and emerging sensor and recording technologies.
Meteorological Satellite Systems
by Su-Yin Tan"Meteorological Satellite Systems" is a primer on weather satellites and their Earth applications. This book reviews historic developments and recent technological advancements in GEO and polar orbiting meteorological satellites. It explores the evolution of these remote sensing technologies and their capabilities to monitor short- and long-term changes in weather patterns in response to climate change. Satellites developed by various countries, such as U. S. meteorological satellites, EUMETSAT, and Russian, Chinese, Japanese and Indian satellite platforms are reviewed. This book also discusses international efforts to coordinate meteorological remote sensing data collection and sharing. This title provides a ready and quick reference for information about meteorological satellites. It serves as a useful tool for a broad audience that includes students, academics, private consultants, engineers, scientists, and teachers.
Meteorologist (Cool Helping Careers)
by Geoffrey M. HornMeteorologist: Have you ever wondered how forecasters predict weather? How do they know when to issue evacuation warnings? Or how can they tell how much snow or rain will fall? Meteorologists have an important job. The information they provide not only helps people prepare for their day, but can also help save lives. Learn how these trained professionals gather data, track storms, and even fly directly into hurricanes!
Meteorologists (Jobs People Do)
by Emily RaijWhat will the weather be like tomorrow? Meteorologists forecast the weather, but they have other jobs behind the scenes. Readers will learn about how meteorologists study the weather, the tools they use, and how people get this exciting, fast-paced job.
Meteorology: The Study Of Weather (New True Books: Space)
by Christine Taylor-ButlerA True Book: Earth Science series presents fascinating facts and fun activities that will engage the budding earth scientist, while exploring the fields of geology, meteorology, ecology, and more. This series includes an age appropriate (grades 3-5) introduction to curriculum-relevant subjects and a robust resource section that encourages independent study. Readers will find out how meteorologists study patterns in Earth's atmosphere to predict temperature changes, dangerous storms, and even global climate change.
Meteorology and Physiology in Early Modern Culture: Earthquakes, Human Identity, and Textual Representation (Perspectives On The Non-human In Literature And Culture Ser.)
by Rebecca TotaroMeteorology and Physiology in Early Modern Culture: Earthquakes, Human Identity, and Textual Representation provides the first sustained examination of the foundational set of early modern beliefs linking meteorology and physiology. This was a relationship so intimate and, to us, poetic that we have spent centuries assuming early moderns were using figurative language when they represented the matter and motions of their bodies in meteorological terms and weather events in physiological ones. Early moderns believed they inhabited a geocentric universe in which the matter and motions constituting all sublunary things were the same and that therefore all things were compositionally and interactively related. What physically generated anger, erotic desire, and plague also generated thunder, the earthquake, and the comet. As a result, the interpretation of meteorological events, such as the 1580 earthquake in the Dover Strait, was consequential. With its radical and seemingly spontaneous shaking, an earthquake could expose inconvenient truths about the cause of matter and motion and about what, if anything, distinguishes humans from every other thing and from events. Meteorology and Physiology in Early Modern Culture reveals a need for reexamination of all representations of meteorology and physiology in the period. This reexamination begins here with a focus on the Titanic metamorphoses captured by Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, John Donne, and the many writers responding to the 1580 earthquake.
Meteorology for Coastal Scientists
by Robert V. Rohli Chunyan LiThis is a textbook for non-atmospheric specialists who work in the coastal zone. Its purpose will be to help coastal environmental, engineering, and planning professionals to understand coastal atmospheric processes. This in turn will allow more effective communication with climate modelers, atmospheric environmental consultants, and members of the media.The coastal environment is among the most intensively used and chronically abused components of the Earth-ocean-atmosphere system. It is also home to an ever-increasing proportion of humanity with their increasing development, trade, transportation, and industrial activities, amid increasing impacts of natural hazards. The atmosphere is an integral part of the system, with all of the above human activities affecting and being affected by atmospheric processes and hazards. Yet few of the specialists studying the coastal environment have expertise on atmospheric processes, this therefore presents a highly relevant textbook on coastal atmospheric processes.
Meteorology of Tropical West Africa: The Forecasters' Handbook
by Douglas J. Parker Mariane Diop KaneMeteorology of tropical West Africa: the Forecasters’ Handbook presents the science and practice of weather forecasting for an important region of the tropics. Connecting basic theory with forecasting practice, the book provides a unique training volume for operational weather forecasters, and is also suitable for students of tropical meteorology. The West African region contains a number of archetypal climatic zones, meaning that the science of its weather and climate applies to many other tropical regions. West Africa also exhibits some of the world’s most remarkable weather systems, making it an inspiring region for students to investigate. The weather of West Africa affects human livelihoods on a daily basis, and can contribute to hardship, poverty and mortality. Therefore, the ability to understand and predict the weather has the potential to deliver significant benefits to both society and economies. The book includes comprehensive background material alongside documentation of weather forecasting methods. Many examples taken from observations of West African weather systems are included and online case-studies are referenced widely.
Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment, 8th Ed.
by C. Donald AhrensIllustrated throughout with color photographs, satellite images, and diagrams, this textbook gives undergraduates a visual introduction to the study of meteorology. The emphasis is on the understanding and application of meteorological principles, and students are encouraged to apply what they have learned when observing the weather around them. The 19 self-contained chapters can be covered in any order desired. A removable, laminated cloud chart poster is found at the back of the volume. Annotation ©2006 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather Climate and the Evironment
by C. Donald Ahrens Robert HensonC. Donald Ahrens and Robert Henson combine expert content in weather, climate, and earth science with the interactive experience you expect from Cengage Learning. Grounded in the scientific method, this reader-friendly and highly visual book shows you how to observe, calculate, and synthesize information as a budding scientist, systematically analyzing meteorological concepts and issues. Specific discussions center on severe weather systems, such as tornadoes, thunderstorms, and hurricanes, as well as everyday elements, such as wind, precipitation, condensation, masses and fronts, and the seasons. Events and issues dominating today's news cycles also receive thorough attention, and include analysis of Superstorm Sandy, the Oklahoma tornadoes, recent findings from the US National Climate Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and more. Whether you choose a bound book or eBook, METEOROLOGY TODAY, 11th Edition is a dynamic learning experience packed with end-of-chapter summaries, key terms, review questions, exercises and problems, live animations, web links, and more to carry your learning to atmospheric heights!
Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate, and the Environment
by C. Donald Ahrens Robert HensonNIMAC-sourced textbook <P><P>C. Donald Ahrens and Robert Henson combine expert content in weather, climate, and earth science with the interactive experience you expect from Cengage Learning. Grounded in the scientific method, this reader-friendly and highly visual book shows you how to observe, calculate, and synthesize information as a budding scientist, systematically analyzing meteorological concepts and issues. Specific discussions center on severe weather systems, such as tornadoes, thunderstorms, and hurricanes, as well as everyday elements, such as wind, precipitation, condensation, masses and fronts, and the seasons. Events and issues dominating today's news cycles also receive thorough attention, and include analysis of Superstorm Sandy, the Oklahoma tornadoes, recent findings from the US National Climate Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and more. Whether you choose a bound book or eBook, METEOROLOGY TODAY, 11th Edition is a dynamic learning experience packed with end-of-chapter summaries, key terms, review questions, exercises and problems, live animations, web links, and more to carry your learning to atmospheric heights!
Meteors and How to Observe Them
by Robert LunsfordThe focus of this book is to introduce the novice to the art of meteor observing. It explains in straightforward language how best to view meteor activity under a variety of conditions, regardless of the observer's location. The observing conditions for each meteor shower are vastly different from each of the Earth's regions and this book would be valuable to any potential observer from Australia to Alaska. The calendar chapters list activity as it occurs throughout the year. The list is limited to showers that the amateur observer can actually see (some sources list radiants that are impossible to observe without photographic or video methods). Not only are the annual showers discussed, but the random sporadic meteor activity is also included for each region. This is important, as there are many more nights throughout the year when the sporadic background will provide more activity than that provided by the annual showers!
Methane and Climate Change
by Pete Smith David Reay Andre Van AmstelMethane is a powerful greenhouse gas and is estimated to be responsible for approximately one-fifth of man-made global warming. Per kilogram, it is 25 times more powerful than carbon dioxide over a 100-year time horizon -- and global warming is likely to enhance methane release from a number of sources. Current natural and man-made sources include many where methane-producing micro-organisms can thrive in anaerobic conditions, particularly ruminant livestock, rice cultivation, landfill, wastewater, wetlands and marine sediments. This timely and authoritative book provides the only comprehensive and balanced overview of our current knowledge of sources of methane and how these might be controlled to limit future climate change. It describes how methane is derived from the anaerobic metabolism of micro-organisms, whether in wetlands or rice fields, manure, landfill or wastewater, or the digestive systems of cattle and other ruminant animals. It highlights how sources of methane might themselves be affected by climate change. It is shown how numerous point sources of methane have the potential to be more easily addressed than sources of carbon dioxide and therefore contribute significantly to climate change mitigation in the 21st century.
Methane and its Derivatives (Chemical Industries Ser. #70)
by Sunggyu Lee"Covers the chemistry, process chemistry, technology, engineering, and economics of methane conversion, including its environmental impact and commercial exploitation. Begins with methane's availability and increasing importance as an environmentally acceptable natural resource alternative and feedstock."
Methane Combustion over Lanthanum-based Perovskite Mixed Oxides
by Hamidreza ArandiyanThis book presents current research into the catalytic combustion of methane using perovskite-type oxides (ABO3). Catalytic combustion has been developed as a method of promoting efficient combustion with minimum pollutant formation as compared to conventional catalytic combustion. Recent theoretical and experimental studies have recommended that noble metals supported on (ABO3) with well-ordered porous networks show promising redox properties. Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials with interpenetrated and regular mesoporous systems have recently triggered enormous research activity due to their high surface areas, large pore volumes, uniform pore sizes, low cost, environmental benignity, and good chemical stability. These are all highly relevant in terms of the utilization of natural gas in light of recent catalytic innovations and technological advances. The book is of interest to all researchers active in utilization of natural gas with novel catalysts. The research covered comes from the most important industries and research centers in the field. The book serves not only as a text for researcher into catalytic combustion of methane, 3DOM perovskite mixed oxide, but also explores the field of green technologies by experts in academia and industry. This book will appeal to those interested in research on the environmental impact of combustion, materials and catalysis.
The Method of Moments in Electromagnetics
by Walton C. GibsonThe Method of Moments in Electromagnetics, Third Edition details the numerical solution of electromagnetic integral equations via the Method of Moments (MoM). Previous editions focused on the solution of radiation and scattering problems involving conducting, dielectric, and composite objects. This new edition adds a significant amount of material on new, state-of-the art compressive techniques. Included are new chapters on the Adaptive Cross Approximation (ACA) and Multi-Level Adaptive Cross Approximation (MLACA), advanced algorithms that permit a direct solution of the MoM linear system via LU decomposition in compressed form. Significant attention is paid to parallel software implementation of these methods on traditional central processing units (CPUs) as well as new, high performance graphics processing units (GPUs). Existing material on the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) and Multi-Level Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA) is also updated, blending in elements of the ACA algorithm to further reduce their memory demands. The Method of Moments in Electromagnetics is intended for students, researchers, and industry experts working in the area of computational electromagnetics (CEM) and the MoM. Providing a bridge between theory and software implementation, the book incorporates significant background material, while presenting practical, nuts-and-bolts implementation details. It first derives a generalized set of surface integral equations used to treat electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems, for objects comprising conducting and dielectric regions. Subsequent chapters apply these integral equations for progressively more difficult problems such as thin wires, bodies of revolution, and two- and three-dimensional bodies. Radiation and scattering problems of many different types are considered, with numerical results compared against analytical theory as well as measurements.
The Method of Normal Forms
by Ali H. NayfehIn this introductory treatment Ali Nayfeh presents different concepts from dynamical systems theory and nonlinear dynamics in a rigorous yet plan way. He systematically introduces models and techniques and states the relevant ranges of validity and applicability. The reader is provided with a clear operational framework for consciously use rather than focused on the underlying mathematical apparatus. The exposition is largely by means of examples, dealt with up to their final outcome. For most of the examples, the results obtained with the method of normal forms are equivalent to those obtained with other perturbation methods, such as the method of multiple scales and the method of averaging. The previous edition had a remarkable success by researchers from all over the world working in the area of nonlinear dynamics and their applications in engineering. Additions to this new edition concern major topics of current interest. In particular, the author added three new chapters dedicated to Maps, Bifurcations of Continuous Systems, and Retarded Systems. In particular the latter has become of major importance in several applications, both in mechanics and in different areas. Accessible to engineers and applied scientist involved with nonlinear dynamics and their applications in a wide variety of fields. It is assumed that readers have a knowledge of basic calculus as well as the elementary properties of ordinary-differential equations.
Methode der Randelemente in Statik und Dynamik
by Lothar Gaul Christian FiedlerDie gut eingeführte Methode der Randelemente baut auf den Grundlagen der Kontinuumsmechnik auf. In diesem Buch wird sie für die Elastodynamik schwingender Strukturen und für die Elastostatik formuliert. Die mathematischen und ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen werden bereitgestellt; einfache Beispiele erleichtern das Verständnis. Das Buch liegt nun in einer 2. korrigierten Auflage vor. Es richtet sich an Studierende, Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler, die sich Kenntnisse der Randelementmethode erarbeiten wollen.
Methoden zur Analyse von Steinartefakten: Eine Übersicht (essentials)
by Yvonne Tafelmaier Guido Bataille Viola Schmid Andreas Taller Manuel WillDieses essential gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Analysemethoden von Gesteinsartefakten von der Attributanalyse ganzer Inventare bis hin zu mikroskopischen Gebrauchsspurenanalysen einzelner Artefakte. Dabei zeigen die vorgestellten Ansätze die Bandbreite der Analyse urgeschichtlicher Steinartefakte im deutschsprachigen Raum. Einfache Anwendungsbeispiele veranschaulichen die Möglichkeiten und Einschränkungen der jeweiligen Methode. Der Inhalt und die Struktur des essentials ist identisch mit Unterrichtseinheiten zur Erlernung von Methoden der Steinartefaktanalyse an der Universität Tübingen im Fachbereich Ältere Urgeschichte.
Methodological Approaches in Integrated Geography (Springer Texts in Social Sciences)
by Firuza Begham MustafaThis book covers methodology of the study for all aspects of human geography. As a comprehensive geography textbook, it consists of detailed research methodology for research in human geography including a few selected case studies in Asia. It explores different approaches, methodological possibilities, and challenges in conducting geographical research in human geography. New digital geographic data sources and GIS applications can help researchers to receive clearer concepts and obtain better measurements of the relevant attributes changes. Furthermore, the book provides an opportunity to critically examine the conceptualization and identification of the field in geographical research and how digital media has not only expanded the scope of what constitutes the field but has redefined the field in itself as well as the practices of observing, knowing, and analyzing the real world. The uniqueness of this book is due to the contribution of several professors and subject experts from South East and East Asia with special particular reference to cases studies from this region of the world.
Methodological Approaches in Physical Geography (Geography of the Physical Environment)
by Firuza Begham MustafaGeography science aims to observe the dynamics in describing earth's surface as a place and space for humans to carry out their lives, starting from simple identification using recording and sketching models, then utilizing tools such as maps, satellite imagery, statistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In the development of geography science, it is appropriate to explain phenomena of the earth in the present context along with the process of developing science and technology using suitable and effective methods. Physical geography is the branch of natural science that deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. This book covers the methodology of the study for all aspects of physical geography, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere. A comprehensive geography textbook consists of a detailed research methodology for physical geography research including a few selected case studies in Asia. The uniqueness of this book is due to the contribution of several professors and subject experts from South East and East Asia with special particular reference to cases studies from a particular region. This book covered selected methodological approaches for hydrology, climatology and geomorphology including the discovery of the best method for exploring and assessing mysterious physical phenomena using a diversity of methodologies. This book explains the principal concept, basic method, optional method, detailed description of each method, and the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods. The technique of data selection, data acquisition, method of analysis, data interpretation and data analysis techniques with a specific focus on deterministic modeling, geography techniques, geospatial modeling with Geographic Information System (GIS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Automated machine techniques and combination of statistical analysis. This book attempts to explore different approaches, methodological possibilities and challenges in conducting geographical research in physical geography. New digital geographic data sources and GIS applications can help researchers to receive clearer concepts and obtain better measurements of the relevant attributes changes in the physical environment. Opportunity to critically examine the conceptualization and identification of the field in geographical research and how digital media has not only expanded the scope of what constitutes the field but has redefined the field in itself as well as the practices of observing, knowing, and analyzing the real world.
Methodological Challenges in Nature-Culture and Environmental History Research (Routledge Environmental Humanities)
by Jocelyn Thorpe Stephanie Rutherford L. Anders SandbergThis book examines the challenges and possibilities of conducting cultural environmental history research today. Disciplinary commitments certainly influence the questions scholars ask and the ways they seek out answers, but some methodological challenges go beyond the boundaries of any one discipline. The book examines: how to account for the fact that humans are not the only actors in history yet dominate archival records; how to attend to the non-visual senses when traditional sources offer only a two-dimensional, non-sensory version of the past; how to decolonize research in and beyond the archives; and how effectively to use sources and means of communication made available in the digital age. This book will be a valuable resource for those interested in environmental history and politics, sustainable development and historical geography.
Methodologies for Estimating the Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters (Integrated Disaster Risk Management)
by Hirokazu Tatano Yoshio KajitaniThis book outlines methodologies to estimate the economic impacts of natural disasters based on business surveys conducted after large disasters in Japan. By including numerous observations on business activities in past disasters and the validations of both engineering and economic models based on these data sets, this book appeals to practitioners who estimate the regional economic impacts as well as to students and young professionals in various fields who conduct disaster impact studies. The book consists of 7 chapters and includes theories and practices, which help readers to interlink the estimation methods with real-world problems. The study primarily focuses on cases in Japan, but the methods employed can be generalized and applied in other countries.
Methodology of Highway Engineering Structural Design and Construction (Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China #59)
by Hanhua Zhu Lei ShiThis book mainly studies the methodologies of structural design and construction for highway engineering, which are applicable to the overall control and the precise operation of engineering structures. It explores the method of comprehensive analysis, the simplification of complex problems, and the application of typical engineering tools. In turn, the book presents a number of innovative approaches, e.g. the coordinated control of structural deformation method, the theory of underground engineering balance and stability, and the soft soil foundation treatment of “bumping at the bridgehead.” These methodologies are then illustrated in typical cases and representative problems, explained from a practical standpoint. Examples in special settings are also discussed, e.g. highway construction in Tibet, and rebuilding after the Wenchuan earthquake. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all those whose work involves highway engineering design, construction, management, and scientific research.