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Intelligence, Defence and Diplomacy: British Policy in the Post-War World (Studies in Intelligence)
by Richard J. Aldrich Michael F. HopkinsWhat was Britain's reaction to the death of Stalin? How has Britain reconciled a modern nuclear strategy with its traditional imperial defence commitments around the world? How has secret intelligence affected the Special Relationship' since 1945? Certain clear questions and perennial themes run through British overseas policy since 1945. This book examines them, drawing on new research by leading historians and scholars in the field.
Intelligence Elites and Public Accountability: Relationships of Influence with Civil Society (Studies in Intelligence)
by Vian BakirThis book provides a definitive overview of the relationships of influence between civil society and intelligence elites. The secrecy surrounding intelligence means that publication of intelligence is highly restricted, barring occasional whistle-blowing and sanitised official leaks. These characteristics mean that intelligence, if publicised, can be highly manipulated by intelligence elites, while civil society’s ability to assess and verify claims is compromised by absence of independent evidence. There are few studies on the relationship between civil society and intelligence elites, which makes it hard to form robust assessments or practical recommendations regarding public oversight of intelligence elites. Addressing that lacuna, this book analyses two case studies of global political significance. The intelligence practices they focus on (contemporary mass surveillance and Bush-era torture-intelligence policies) have been presented as vital in fighting the ‘Global War on Terror’, enmeshing governments of scores of nation-states, while challenging internationally established human rights to privacy and to freedom from torture and enforced disappearance. The book aims to synthesise what is known on relationships of influence between civil society and intelligence elites. It moves away from disciplinary silos, to make original recommendations for how a variety of academic disciplines most likely to study the relationship between civil society and intelligence elites (international relations, history, journalism and media) could productively cross-fertilise. Finally, it aims to create a practical benchmark to enable civil society to better hold intelligence elites publicly accountable. This book will be of great interest to students of intelligence studies, surveillance, media, journalism, civil society, democracy and IR in general.
Intelligence Failure In Korea: Major General Charles A. Willoughby’s Role In The United Nations Command’s Defeat In November 1950
by Major Justin M. HaynesIn November, 1950, the United States Army suffered one of its most devastating defeats ever, in the frozen mountains of North Korea at the hands of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. This defeat fundamentally changed the nature of the Korean War, from a near-certain United Nations victory into a fight for its very survival. It was, however, avoidable.This Chinese victory was partially the result of one of the most glaring failures in U.S. military intelligence history. The officer most responsible for this failure was the Far East Command Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (G2), Major General Charles Andrew Willoughby. His inaccurate intelligence picture contributed to General of the Army Douglas MacArthur's flawed understanding of the nature of the Chinese Communist intent.Charles Willoughby correctly identified the potential threat of a Chinese Communist intervention in Korea in late 1950, yet failed to acknowledge the significance of China's strategic warnings, operational preparations for war and tactical confirmation of their intentions. Willoughby's flawed assessment of Chinese intentions in the fall of 1950 was a result of rampant mirror imaging, complicated by circular analysis stemming from his exclusive control over intelligence reporting on the Korean theater. His significant personal prejudices against the Chinese ability fight exacerbated this problem. Once the United Nations Command undeniably confirmed that Chinese forces had entered North Korea, he minimized their significance in order to support MacArthur's final offensive to the Yalu River in late November, ultimately resulting in the defeat of his command.
Intelligence for an Age of Terror
by Gregory F. TrevertonDuring the Cold War, U.S. intelligence was concerned primarily with states; non-state actors like terrorists were secondary. Now the priorities are reversed and the challenge is enormous. States had an address, and they were hierarchical and bureaucratic. They thus came with some 'story'. Terrorists do not. States were 'over there', but terrorists are there and here. They thus put pressure on intelligence at home, not just abroad. The strength of this book is that it underscores the extent of the change and ranges broadly across data collection and analysis, foreign and domestic, as well as presenting the issues of value that arise as new targets require collecting more information at home.
Intelligence for Peace: The Role of Intelligence in Times of Peace (Studies in Intelligence)
by Hesi CarmelThis collection of articles is by experts in the field who are convinced that intelligence has an important role to play, not only in times of war and confrontation, but also in times of conciliation and political processes.
Intelligence Images from the Eastern Front (Looking Down on War)
by Colonel Roy M. Stanley IIDespite the Luftwaffe being ordered to destroy millions of aerial photos in 1945, the Allies found no less than twenty tons of photos in eleven locations, including a hoard in a Bavarian barn. These together with vast numbers of photographs taken by German soldiers used for Intelligence analysis were put into classified Allied Intelligence files at a time when USAAF and RAF imagery was being destroyed. Covering Iron Curtain countries they were valuable for cartography and target intelligence during the Cold War.The captured German imagery (called GX) in this book show what the German Army knew about the Soviet Union before and during Operation Barbarossa. Examples show Eastern Front landforms, key cities such as Stalingrad, Moscow, Sevastopol, Leningrad and factories. They are accompanied by helpful comments from a skilled photo interpreter.This unique and diverse collection, some taken from 28,000 feet overhead, others taken by soldiers on the ground, reveal the war on the Eastern Front as it has never been seen before.
Intelligence in War: Knowledge of the Enemy from Napoleon to Al-Qaeda
by John Keegan'No war can be conducted successfully without early and good intelligence, ' wrote Marlborough, and from the earliest times commanders have sought knowledge of the enemy, his strengths and weaknesses, his dispositions and intentions. But how much effect, in the 'real time' of a battle or a campaign, can this knowledge have?In this magisterial new study, which will fascinate readers of both military and more general history, the author of A History of Warfare goes to the heart of a series of important conflicts to develop a powerful argument about intelligence in war. From the Napoleonic Wars to the sophisticated electronic warfare of the twenty-first century, John Keegan finds linking themes which lead to a compelling conclusion. His narrative sweep is enthralling, whether portraying the dilemmas of Nelson seeking Napoleon's fleet, Stonewall Jackson in the American Civil War, Bletchley as it seeks to crack Ultra during the Battle of the Atlantic, the realities of the secret war in the Falklands or the polymorphous intelligence issues of the contemporary fight against terrorism.
Intelligence In War: The Value--and Limitations--of What The Military Can Learn About The Enemy
by John KeeganA masterly look at the value and limitations of intelligence in the conduct of war from the premier military historian of our time, John Keegan. Intelligence gathering is an immensely complicated and vulnerable endeavor. And it often fails. Until the invention of the telegraph and radio, information often traveled no faster than a horse could ride, yet intelligence helped defeat Napoleon. In the twentieth century, photo analysts didn’t recognize Germany’s V-2 rockets for what they were; on the other hand, intelligence helped lead to victory over the Japanese at Midway. In Intelligence in War, John Keegan illustrates that only when paired with force has military intelligence been an effective tool, as it may one day be in besting al-Qaeda.
Intelligence Investigations: How Ultra Changed History (Studies in Intelligence)
by Ralph BennettMilitary intelligence, grossly neglected during the interwar period, had by mid-1942 proved itself indispensable through information gathered from intercepted radio messages in the supposedly unbreakable German Enigma cipher. Ralph Bennett, who worked for four years at Bletchley Park as a senior producer of the intelligence (Ultra') derived from the Enigma decrypts, illustrates in this collection of reprinted essays some of the steps by which he and others developed the new type of information and in the process a candid glimpse of the workings of British intelligence both past and present.
Intelligence Services in the Information Age (Studies In Intelligence Ser.)
by Michael HermanIntelligence was a central element of the Cold War and the need for it was expected to diminish after the USSR's collapse, yet in recent years it has been in greater demand than ever. The atrocities of 11 September and the subsequent "war on terrorism" now call for an even more intensive effort. Important questions arise on how intelligence fits into the world of increased threats, globalization and expanded international action. This volume contains the recent work on this subject by Michael Herman, British intelligence professional for 35 years and Oxford University academic. It compares intelligence with other government information services, and discusses the British intelligence system and the case for its reform. It also addresses the ethical issues raised by intelligence's methods and results: "do they on balance make for a better world or a worse one?". Other chapters explore a wide range of intelligence topics past and present, including the transatlantic relationship, the alliance strategies of Norway and New Zealand, Mrs Thatcher's "de-unionization" of British Sigint, and personal memories of the British Cabinet Office in the 1970s.Michael Herman argues for intelligence professionalism as a contribution to international security and for its encouragement as a world standard. The modern challenge is for intelligence to support international cooperation in ways originally developed to advance national interests, while at the same time developing some restraint and international "rules of the game", in the use of intrusive and covert methods on its traditional targets. The effects of 11 September on this challenge are discussed in a thoughtful afterword.
Intelligence Theory: Key Questions and Debates
by Peter Gill Stephen Marrin Mark PhythianThis edited volume brings together a range of essays by individuals who are centrally involved in the debate about the role and utility of theory in intelligence studies. The volume includes both classic essays and new articles that critically analyse some key issues: strategic intelligence, the place of international relations theory, theories of
The Intelligencers: British Military Intelligence From the Middle Ages to 1929
by Brian ParrittIntelligence about the enemy is a fundamental part of any war or battle; knowledge of the enemys strength, dispositions and intentions are essential for success. This book reveals that for 250 years the British Army resolutely failed to prepare for war by refusing to establish a nucleus of soldiers in peace, trained to obtain intelligence in war. Although there were Scoutmasters and secret spy organizations such as Walsinghams in the 15th Century, in no major conflict from the Civil War of 1642, including the Peninsula, the Crimea, Burma, Egypt and South Africa and in the multitude of small wars that gained Britain an empire, was there any staff branch or unit specifically pre-established to gain intelligence or frustrate the enemy from obtaining intelligence. Yet the story of British military endeavor over 250 years is a remarkable story of individuals bravery, achievement and success. We read of the Scoutmaster whose role was to gather intelligence on the Kings enemies and of Walsinghams secret organization at the time of Elizabeth I. During the long years of war against France culminating in the Napoleonic Wars, spy masters developed on an ad hoc basis. In the Nineteenth Century, despite the power and reach of Empire, no central intelligence organization existed. Enterprising young officers worked wonders but failures such as those in the Boer War cost the Nation dearly. It took the reverses in the Great War to create an Intelligence Corps. But even that was disbanded postwar.
Intelligent Warfare: Prospects of Military Development in the Age of AI
by Mingxi WuThis book examines the future trend toward "intelligent" warfare considering the global environment, the history of warfare, and scientific and technological advancement. It develops a comprehensive set of theoretical frameworks, application concepts, and evaluation criteria for military intelligence.The volume is packed with theoretical highlights and vivid examples, including the tracking of Osama bin Laden, the decapitation strike against Qasem Soleimani, the remote assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists, the drone war in the Nagorno–Karabakh conflict, modern equipment deployed in the Palestinian–Israeli conflict, and the war between social media groups. In addition, the author envisions a possible future for "intelligent" wars in which adversarial parties engage in combat through virtual and unmanned systems. This nature may help avoid the brutality and high death toll associated with traditional warfare.The book explores the possibility of future civilized warfare. It will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students in the fields of politics, military intelligence, and military technology, and to those who are interested in intelligent warfare in general.
Intellivore (Cold Equations #45)
by Diane DuaneThe Great Rift lies between the Sagitarius and Orion arms of the galaxy. Stars are scarce there, beyond the authority of the Federation, and legends abound of lost civilizations and of ancient monsters that prey on those who dare to venture into the vast darkness between the stars. When several ships and colonies mysteriously disappear into the Rift, the U.S.S. Enterprise leads an expedition to investigate various disturbing reports. Accompanied by two other Federation starships, Picard and his fellow captains discover a bizarre menace of unimaginable power. And the only way to trap this destructive entity is to use the Enterprise as bait.
Intensely Human: The Health of the Black Soldier in the American Civil War
by Margaret HumphreysBlack soldiers in the American Civil War were far more likely to die of disease than were white soldiers. In Intensely Human, historian Margaret Humphreys explores why this uneven mortality occurred and how it was interpreted at the time. In doing so, she uncovers the perspectives of mid-nineteenth-century physicians and others who were eager to implicate the so-called innate inferiority of the black body. In the archival collections of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, Humphreys found evidence that the high death rate among black soldiers resulted from malnourishment, inadequate shelter and clothing, inferior medical attention, and assignments to hazardous environments. While some observant physicians of the day attributed the black soldiers' high mortality rate to these circumstances, few medical professionals—on either side of the conflict—were prepared to challenge the "biological evidence" of white superiority. Humphreys shows how, despite sympathetic and responsible physicians' efforts to expose the truth, the stereotype of black biological inferiority prevailed during the war and after.
Intensive Care Crisis (Mills And Boon Love Inspired Suspense Ser.)
by Karen KirstRunning low on faith, a marine finds hope in the nurse he has vowed to protect in this romantic suspense thriller from the author of Explosive Reunion.She uncovered a secret someone will kill for . . . But he’s determined she’ll surviveReporting missing narcotics lands nurse Audrey Harris and her patients in the crosshairs of a ruthless thief. But when marine sergeant Julian Tan is one of the patients in danger, the criminals unwittingly provide her with a strong—and handsome—protector. On the run, Julian and Audrey must stop a crime boss . . . or become the next to fall.
Intercept
by Patrick RobinsonA left-leaning appeal court judge liberates four of the most dangerous al-Qaeda terrorists from Guantanamo Bay and the CIA field officers track them back to Pakistan's northwest frontier mountain range. But disaster overtakes them and the four men vanish, to rejoin the dark and mysterious forces trained by Osama bin Laden high in the Hindu Kush. These are men with hatred in their hearts, with hatred for the United States and Great Britain, and they are sworn to hit back at the USA, which imprisoned so many of their high command.A fateful communication from the mountains of the Afghan side of the border is intercepted by Britain's secret surveillance station on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Al-Qaeda is almost certainly planning a new hit on the US mainland. The CIA is at its wits end, all their fears coming home to roost.They know there is only one man who can stop them-retired Navy SEAL Lt. Commander Mack Bedford-and he is called in to assist on one of the most highly classified missions ever launched from CIA headquarters. Bedford names his price, and once more, the nobility of the man is spun into a breathtakingly fast action novel.
Intercept (The Mack Bedford Military Thrillers)
by Patrick RobinsonAn ex–Navy SEAL joins a top-secret mission to halt a deadly terrorist attack in this military thriller by a #1 New York Times–bestselling author. An appeal court judge frees four of the world's most dangerous terrorists from Guantanamo Bay. The CIA tracks them back to Pakistan&’s North-West Frontier, but then the men vanish. Fortunately, a communication from the Afghan side of the border is intercepted by Britain&’s secret surveillance station in Cyprus. Al-Qaeda is plotting a devastating attack. The CIA panics, its greatest fears realized. Retired Navy SEAL Mack Bedford is called in to assist one of the most highly classified missions ever launched from CIA headquarters, with the stakes higher than ever before . . . A breathtaking and unputdownable action thriller, Intercept is ideal for fans of James Phelan and Chris Ryan.Praise for the writing of Patrick Robinson &“One of the crown princes of the beach-read thriller.&” —Stephen Coonts, New York Times–bestselling author of The Disciple&“Patrick Robinson has tapped into our fear.&” —Torquay Herald Express &“Robinson [crafts] a fast-paced, chilling, yet believable tale.&” —San Francisco Examiner
Intercept
by Patrick RobinsonA left-leaning appeal court judge liberates four of the most dangerous al-Qaeda terrorists from Guantanamo Bay and the CIA field officers track them back to Pakistan’s northwest frontier mountain range. But disaster overtakes them and the four men vanish, to rejoin the dark and mysterious forces trained by Osama bin Laden high in the Hindu Kush. These are men with hatred in their hearts, with hatred for the United States and Great Britain, and they are sworn to hit back at the USA, which imprisoned so many of their high command. A fateful communication from the mountains of the Afghan side of the border is intercepted by Britain’s secret surveillance station on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Al-Qaeda is almost certainly planning a new hit on the US mainland. The CIA is at its wits end, all their fears coming home to roost. They know there is only one man who can stop them-retired Navy SEAL Lt. Commander Mack Bedford-and he is called in to assist on one of the most highly classified missions ever launched from CIA headquarters. Bedford names his price, and once more, the nobility of the man is spun into a breathtakingly fast action novel.
Intercept
by Patrick RobinsonA left-leaning appeal court judge liberates four of the most dangerous al-Qaeda terrorists from Guantanamo Bay and the CIA field officers track them back to Pakistan's northwest frontier mountain range. But disaster overtakes them and the four men vanish, to rejoin the dark and mysterious forces trained by Osama bin Laden high in the Hindu Kush. These are men with hatred in their hearts, with hatred for the United States and Great Britain, and they are sworn to hit back at the USA, which imprisoned so many of their high command.A fateful communication from the mountains of the Afghan side of the border is intercepted by Britain's secret surveillance station on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Al-Qaeda is almost certainly planning a new hit on the US mainland. The CIA is at its wits end, all their fears coming home to roost.They know there is only one man who can stop them-retired Navy SEAL Lt. Commander Mack Bedford-and he is called in to assist on one of the most highly classified missions ever launched from CIA headquarters. Bedford names his price, and once more, the nobility of the man is spun into a breathtakingly fast action novel.
Intercept
by Patrick RobinsonA left-leaning appeal court judge liberates four of the most dangerous al-Qaeda terrorists from Guantanamo Bay and the CIA field officers track them back to Pakistan's northwest frontier mountain range. But disaster overtakes them and the four men vanish, to rejoin the dark and mysterious forces trained by Osama bin Laden high in the Hindu Kush. These are men with hatred in their hearts, with hatred for the United States and Great Britain, and they are sworn to hit back at the USA, which imprisoned so many of their high command.A fateful communication from the mountains of the Afghan side of the border is intercepted by Britain's secret surveillance station on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Al-Qaeda is almost certainly planning a new hit on the US mainland. The CIA is at its wits end, all their fears coming home to roost.They know there is only one man who can stop them-retired Navy SEAL Lt. Commander Mack Bedford-and he is called in to assist on one of the most highly classified missions ever launched from CIA headquarters. Bedford names his price, and once more, the nobility of the man is spun into a breathtakingly fast action novel.
Interlopers
by Alan Dean FosterUpset stomachs. The collapse of civilizations. Nervous breakdowns.Blame them on a twist of fate, but archaeologist Cody Westcott knows differently. Something is causing these random acts of badness. Something ancient, something evil, something...hungry.We are not alone, but we're about to wish we were...Interlopers.
The Internal Threat to the American Way of Life
by Ezra Taft BensonThe Internal Threat to the American Way of Life was a talk given by Ezra Taft Benson at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California on December 11, 1961. Benson had served as the 15th United States Secretary of Agriculture from January 21, 1953 to January 20, 1961.
International Aviation and Terrorism: Evolving Threats, Evolving Security (Political Violence)
by John HarrisonThis book examines terrorism's impact on the international aviation security regime, with a focus on the role of the United States. Tracing the historical development of the international civil aviation system, the volume examines how it has dealt with the evolving security environment caused by international terrorism. It begins by exploring the practical implications of the debates over the meaning of 'terrorism' and how the international civil aviation community developed practical solutions to avoid the debilitating debates over the concept while crafting important, if weak, international conventions. As a major civil aviation power, the United States was a predominant influence in security developments in the 1960s and 1970s, yet US civil aviation policy failed to keep pace with the changing nature of the terrorist threat. The commanding position that the United States maintains in international civil aviation provides a microcosm of the promise and perils faced by the world's sole superpower. The author examines US efforts to upgrade civil aviation security in the wake of 9/11 and the impacts of these developments on the international civil aviation system. The detailed discussion of terrorism past and present places the threat in its proper context for both the international civil aviation community and its largest individual actor, the United States. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism, aviation security, international security and IR in general. John Harrison is an Assistant Professor at the S.Rajaratnam School of International Studies and Head of Terrorism Research at the International Center for Political Violence and Terrorism Research.
International Business and National War Interests: Unilever between Reich and empire, 1939-45 (Routledge International Studies In Business History Ser.)
by Ben WubsThis book deals with the activities of the Anglo-Dutch multinational during the war. Given the various threats faced by Unilever during the Nazi period, Ben Wubs argues that it was not self evident that the company would survive the war. Based on research into company sources which were hitherto unavailable, he shows the effect of the war on Unilev