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Networks for Pervasive Services
by Antonio Liotta George ExarchakosReaders will progress from an understanding of what the Internet is now towards an understanding of the motivations and techniques that will drive its future.
Societal Impacts of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (Synthesis Lectures on Computer Science)
by Carlo LipizziThis book goes beyond the current hype of expectations generated by the news on artificial intelligence and machine learning by analyzing realistic expectations for society, its limitations, and possible future scenarios for the use of this technology in our current society. Artificial Intelligence is one of the top topics today and is inflating expectations beyond what the technology can do in the foreseeable future. The future cannot be predicted, but the future of some elements of our society, such as technology, can be estimated. This book merges the modeling of human reasoning with the power of AI technology allowing readers to make more informed decisions about their personal or financial decisions or just being more educated on current technologies. This book presents a model that sketches potential future scenarios based on a discussion of the expectations today, the analysis of the current gap in the literature, and a view of possible futures in terms of technology and use cases. Specifically, this book merges literature on the technology aspects, the sociological impacts, and philosophical aspects.
Learn You a Haskell for Great Good!: A Beginner's Guide (No Starch Press Ser.)
by Miran Lipovaca<P>It's all in the name: Learn You a Haskell for Great Good! is a hilarious, illustrated guide to this complex functional language. Packed with the author's original artwork, pop culture references, and most importantly, useful example code, this book teaches functional fundamentals in a way you never thought possible. <P>You'll start with the kid stuff: basic syntax, recursion, types and type classes. Then once you've got the basics down, the real black belt master-class begins: you'll learn to use applicative functors, monads, zippers, and all the other mythical Haskell constructs you've only read about in storybooks. <P>As you work your way through the author's imaginative (and occasionally insane) examples, you'll learn to: <br>–Laugh in the face of side effects as you wield purely functional programming techniques <br>–Use the magic of Haskell's "laziness" to play with infinite sets of data <br>–Organize your programs by creating your own types, type classes, and modules <br>–Use Haskell's elegant input/output system to share the genius of your programs with the outside world <P>Short of eating the author's brain, you will not find a better way to learn this powerful language than reading Learn You a Haskell for Great Good!
Blockchain for Business 2019: A user-friendly introduction to blockchain technology and its business applications
by Peter LipovyanovYour one-stop guide to blockchain technology and its business applications Key Features Assimilate blockchain services such as Ethereum and Hyperledger to transform industrial applications Know in and out of blockchain technology to understand various business use cases Understand various common and not-so-common challenges faced in blockchain development Book Description Blockchain for Business 2019 is a comprehensive guide that enables you to bring in various blockchain functionalities to extend your existing business models and make correct fully-informed decisions. You will learn how decentralized applications are transforming numerous business sectors that are expected to play a huge role in the future. You will see how large corporations are already implementing blockchain technology now. You will then learn about the various blockchain services, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, Hyperledger, and others to understand their use cases in a variety of business domains. You will develop a solid fundamental understanding of blockchain architecture. Moving ahead, you will get to grips with the inner workings of blockchain, with detailed explanations of mining, decentralized consensus, cryptography, smart contracts, and many other important concepts. You will delve into a realistic view of the current state of blockchain technology, along with its issues, limitations, and potential solutions that can take it to the next level. By the end of this book, you will all be well versed in the latest innovations and developments in the emerging blockchain space. What you will learn Understand the fundamentals of blockchain and how it was developed Gain a good understanding of economic concepts and developments Develop a base for concepts such as cryptography, computer networking, and programming Understand the applications of blockchain and its potential impact on the world Become well versed with the latest developments in the blockchain space Explore blockchain frameworks, including decentralized organizational structures, networks, and applications Who this book is for This book is for financial professionals, business executives, managers, and enthusiasts who are interested in getting well-versed with blockchain technology in various business domains. This book will help boost your existing business models using blockchain services. No prior experience of blockchain is required.
C++ Primer
by Stanley B. Lippman Josée Lajoie Barbara E. MooFully updated and recast for the newly released C++11 standard, this authoritative and comprehensive introduction to C++ will help you to learn the language fast, and to use it in modern, highly effective ways. Highlighting today’s best practices, the authors show how to use both the core language and its standard library to write efficient, readable, and powerful code. C++ Primer, Fifth Edition, introduces the C++ standard library from the outset, drawing on its common functions and facilities to help you write useful programs without first having to master every language detail. The book’s many examples have been revised to use the new language features and demonstrate how to make the best use of them. This book is a proven tutorial for those new to C++, an authoritative discussion of core C++ concepts and techniques, and a valuable resource for experienced programmers, especially those eager to see C++11 enhancements illuminated. Start Fast and Achieve More Learn how to use the new C++11 language features and the standard library to build robust programs quickly, and get comfortable with high-level programming Learn through examples that illuminate today’s best coding styles and program design techniques Understand the “rationale behind the rules”: why C++11 works as it does Use the extensive crossreferences to help you connect related concepts and insights Benefit from up-to-date learning aids and exercises that emphasize key points, help you to avoid pitfalls, promote good practices, and reinforce what you’ve learned
Digital Government: Managing Public Sector Reform in the Digital Era (Routledge Masters in Public Management)
by Miriam LipsDigital Government: Managing Public Sector Reform in the Digital Era presents a public management perspective on digital government and technology-enabled change in the public sector. It incorporates theoretical and empirical insights to provide students with a broader and deeper understanding of the complex and multidisciplinary nature of digital government initiatives, impacts and implications. The rise of digital government and its increasingly integral role in many government processes and activities, including overseeing fundamental changes at various levels across government, means that it is no longer perceived as just a technology issue. In this book Miriam Lips provides students with practical approaches and perspectives to better understand digital government. The text also explores emerging issues and barriers as well as strategies to more effectively manage digital government and technology-enabled change in the public sector. Digital Government is the ideal book for postgraduate students on courses in public administration, public management, public policy, political science and international relations, and e-government. It is also suitable for public service managers who are experiencing the impact of digital technology and data in the public sector.
Broadcast and Internet Indecency: Defining Free Speech
by Jeremy Harris LipschultzThis book explores broadcast and Internet indecency from social and legal perspectives, using current cases and examples. Case law is used as a starting point from which to explore the social and legal boundaries of speech.
Social Media Communication: Concepts, Practices, Data, Law and Ethics
by Jeremy Harris LipschultzIn Social Media Communication: Concepts, Practices, Data, Law and Ethics, Jeremy Harris Lipschultz presents a wide-scale, interdisciplinary analysis and guide to social media. Examining platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Youtube and Vine, the book explores and analyzes journalism, broadcasting, public relations, advertising and marketing. Lipschultz focuses on key concepts, best practices, data analyses, law and ethics--all promoting the critical thinking professionals and students need to use new networking tools effectively and to navigate social and mobile media spaces. Featuring contemporary case studies, essays from some of the industry's leading social media innovators, and a comprehensive glossary, this practical, multipurpose textbook gives readers the resources they'll need to both evaluate and utilize current and future forms of social media. For more information about the book, supplementary updates and teaching materials, follow Social Media Communication online at: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SocialMediaCommunication Twitter: @JeremyHL #smc2015 SlideShare: http://www.slideshare.net/jeremylipschultz
Social Media Communication: Concepts, Practices, Data, Law and Ethics
by Jeremy Harris LipschultzIn the second edition of Social Media Communication: Concepts, Practices, Data, Law and Ethics, Jeremy Harris Lipschultz presents a wide-scale, interdisciplinary analysis and guide to social media. Examining platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, LinkedIn, YouTube and Pinterest, this book explores and analyzes journalism, broadcasting, public relations, advertising and marketing. Lipschultz focuses on key concepts, best practices, data analyses, law and ethics—all promoting the critical thinking professionals and students need to use new networking tools effectively and to navigate social and mobile media spaces. Featuring historical markers and contemporary case studies, essays from some of the industry’s leading social media innovators and a comprehensive glossary, this practical, multipurpose textbook gives readers the resources they’ll need to both evaluate and utilize current and future forms of social media. For more information about the book, supplementary updates and teaching materials, follow the Social Media Communication Facebook page, @JeremyHL on Twitter and the UNO Social Media Lab on SlideShare. Facebook: www.facebook.com/SocialMediaCommunication Twitter: @JeremyHL #UNOSML #SMC2018 #SMProfs SlideShare: www.slideshare.net/jeremylipschultz
Social Media Communication: Concepts, Practices, Data, Law and Ethics
by Jeremy Harris LipschultzThis updated third edition presents a wide-scale, interdisciplinary guide to social media. Examining platforms like Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Snapchat, TikTok, Twitter and YouTube, the book analyzes social media's use in journalism, broadcasting, public relations, advertising and marketing. Lipschultz focuses on key concepts, best practices, data analyses, law and ethics – all promoting the critical thinking that is needed to use new, evolving and maturing networking tools effectively within social and mobile media spaces. Featuring historical markers and contemporary case studies, essays from some of the industry’s leading social media innovators and a comprehensive glossary, this practical, multipurpose textbook gives readers the resources they will need to both evaluate and utilize current and future forms of social media communication. Among other changes, updates to the third edition include a deep dive into new approaches to analytics, as well as greater discussion of law and ethics in light of the Facebook Cambridge Analytica scandal, the roll-out of GDPR and new case law relating to social media. Social Media Communication is the perfect social media primer for students and professionals, and, with a dedicated teaching guide, ideal for instructors, too.
Social Media Communication: Concepts, Practices, Data, Law and Ethics
by Jeremy Harris LipschultzThis updated fourth edition presents a wide-scale, interdisciplinary guide to social media communication. Examining platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, Twitter and YouTube, the book analyzes social media's use in journalism, public relations, advertising and marketing. Lipschultz focuses on key concepts, best practices, data analyses, law and ethics – all promoting the critical thinking that is needed to use new, evolving and maturing networking tools effectively within social and mobile media spaces. Featuring historical markers and contemporary case studies, essays from some of the industry’s leading social media innovators and a comprehensive glossary, this practical, multipurpose textbook gives readers the resources they will need to both evaluate and utilize current and future forms of social media communication. Updates to the fourth edition include expanded discussion of disinformation, the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), natural language chatbots, virtual and augmented reality technologies and the COVID-19 infodemic. Social Media Communication is the perfect social media primer for students and professionals and, with a dedicated online teaching guide, ideal for instructors, too.
Driverless: Intelligent Cars and the Road Ahead
by Hod Lipson Melba KurmanWhen human drivers let intelligent software take the wheel: the beginning of a new era in personal mobility. Google's newest driverless car had no steering wheel and no brakes. The message was clear: cars of the future will be born fully autonomous, with no human driver needed. In the coming decade, self-driving cars will hit the streets, rearranging established industries and reshaping cities, giving us new choices in where we live and how we work and play.In this book, Hod Lipson and Melba Kurman offer readers insight into the risks and benefits of driverless cars and a lucid and engaging explanation of the enabling technology. Recent advances in software and robotics are toppling long-standing technological barriers that for decades have confined self-driving cars to the realm of fantasy. A new kind of artificial intelligence software called deep learning gives cars rapid and accurate visual perception. Human drivers can relax and take their eyes off the road. When human drivers let intelligent software take the wheel, driverless cars will offer billions of people all over the world a safer, cleaner, and more convenient mode of transportation. Although the technology is nearly ready, car companies and policy makers may not be. The authors make a compelling case for why government, industry, and consumers need to work together to make the development of driverless cars our society's next “Apollo moment.”
Fabricated
by Hod Lipson Melba KurmanFabricated tells the story of 3D printers, humble manufacturing machines that are bursting out of the factory and into schools, kitchens, hospitals, even onto the fashion catwalk. Fabricated describes our emerging world of printable products, where people design and 3D print their own creations as easily as they edit an online document.A 3D printer transforms digital information into a physical object by carrying out instructions from an electronic design file, or 'blueprint.' Guided by a design file, a 3D printer lays down layer after layer of a raw material to 'print' out an object. That's not the whole story, however. The magic happens when you plug a 3D printer into today's mind-boggling digital technologies. Add to that the Internet, tiny, low cost electronic circuitry, radical advances in materials science and biotech and voila! The result is an explosion of technological and social innovation.Fabricated takes the reader onto a rich and fulfilling journey that explores how 3D printing is poised to impact nearly every part of our lives.Aimed at people who enjoy books on business strategy, popular science and novel technology, Fabricated will provide readers with practical and imaginative insights to the question 'how will this technology change my life?' Based on hundreds of hours of research and dozens of interviews with experts from a broad range of industries, Fabricated offers readers an informative, engaging and fast-paced introduction to 3D printing now and in the future.
Combinatorial Algorithms: 26th International Workshop, IWOCA 2015, Verona, Italy, October 5-7, 2015, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9538)
by Zsuzsanna Lipták William F. SmythThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereedpost-workshop proceedings for the 26 International Workshop on combinatorialAlgorithms, IWOCA 2015, held in Verona, Italy, in October 2015. The 29 revised full papers presented were carefullyreviewed and selected from a total of 90 submissions. The topics of the papersinclude algorithms and data structures (including sequential, parallel,distributed, approximation, probabilistic, randomised, and on-line algorithms),algorithms on strings and graphs; applications (bioinformatics, music analysis,networking, and others); combinatorics on words; combinatorial enumeration;combinatorial optimization; complexity theory; computational biology;compression and information retrieval; cryptography and information security;decompositions and combinatorial designs; discrete and computational geometry;graph drawing and labeling; graph theory.
Our Data, Ourselves: A Personal Guide to Digital Privacy
by Jacqueline D. LiptonA practical, user-friendly handbook for understanding and protecting our personal data and digital privacy. Our Data, Ourselves addresses a common and crucial question: What can we as private individuals do to protect our personal information in a digital world? In this practical handbook, legal expert Jacqueline D. Lipton guides readers through important issues involving technology, data collection, and digital privacy as they apply to our daily lives.Our Data, Ourselves covers a broad range of everyday privacy concerns with easily digestible, accessible overviews and real-world examples. Lipton explores the ways we can protect our personal data and monitor its use by corporations, the government, and others. She also explains our rights regarding sensitive personal data like health insurance records and credit scores, as well as what information retailers can legally gather, and how. Who actually owns our personal information? Can an employer legally access personal emails? What privacy rights do we have on social media? Answering these questions and more, Our Data, Ourselves provides a strategic approach to assuming control over, and ultimately protecting, our personal information.
The Cinema in Flux: The Evolution of Motion Picture Technology from the Magic Lantern to the Digital Era
by Lenny LiptonThe first of its kind, this book traces the evolution of motion picture technology in its entirety. Beginning with Huygens' magic lantern and ending in the current electronic era, it explains cinema’s scientific foundations and the development of parallel enabling technologies alongside the lives of the innovators. Product development issues, business and marketplace factors, the interaction of aesthetic and technological demands, and the patent system all play key roles in the tale. The topics are covered sequentially, with detailed discussion of the transition from the magic lantern to Edison’s invention of the 35mm camera, the development of the celluloid cinema, and the transition from celluloid to digital. Unique and essential reading from a lifetime innovator in the field of cinema technology, this engaging and well-illustrated book will appeal to anyone interested in the history and science of cinema, from movie buffs to academics and members of the motion picture industry.
Introduction to Quantum Algorithms via Linear Algebra, second edition
by Richard J. Lipton Kenneth W. ReganQuantum computing explained in terms of elementary linear algebra, emphasizing computation and algorithms and requiring no background in physics.This introduction to quantum algorithms is concise but comprehensive, covering many key algorithms. It is mathematically rigorous but requires minimal background and assumes no knowledge of quantum theory or quantum mechanics. The book explains quantum computation in terms of elementary linear algebra; it assumes the reader will have some familiarity with vectors, matrices, and their basic properties, but offers a review of the relevant material from linear algebra. By emphasizing computation and algorithms rather than physics, it makes quantum algorithms accessible to students and researchers in computer science who have not taken courses in quantum physics or delved into fine details of quantum effects, apparatus, circuits, or theory.
People, Problems, and Proofs
by Richard J. Lipton Kenneth W. ReganPeople, problems, and proofs are the lifeblood of theoretical computer science. Behind the computing devices and applications that have transformed our lives are clever algorithms, and for every worthwhile algorithm there is a problem that it solves and a proof that it works. Before this proof there was an open problem: can one create an efficient algorithm to solve the computational problem? And, finally, behind these questions are the people who are excited about these fundamental issues in our computational world. In this book the authors draw on their outstanding research and teaching experience to showcase some key people and ideas in the domain of theoretical computer science, particularly in computational complexity and algorithms, and related mathematical topics. They show evidence of the considerable scholarship that supports this young field, and they balance an impressive breadth of topics with the depth necessary to reveal the power and the relevance of the work described. Beyond this, the authors discuss the sustained effort of their community, revealing much about the culture of their field. A career in theoretical computer science at the top level is a vocation: the work is hard, and in addition to the obvious requirements such as intellect and training, the vignettes in this book demonstrate the importance of human factors such as personality, instinct, creativity, ambition, tenacity, and luck. The authors' style is characterize d by personal observations, enthusiasm, and humor, and this book will be a source of inspiration and guidance for graduate students and researchers engaged with or planning careers in theoretical computer science.
Quantum Algorithms via Linear Algebra: A Primer
by Richard J. Lipton Kenneth W. ReganQuantum computing explained in terms of elementary linear algebra, emphasizing computation and algorithms and requiring no background in physics.This introduction to quantum algorithms is concise but comprehensive, covering many key algorithms. It is mathematically rigorous but requires minimal background and assumes no knowledge of quantum theory or quantum mechanics. The book explains quantum computation in terms of elementary linear algebra; it assumes the reader will have some familiarity with vectors, matrices, and their basic properties, but offers a review of all the relevant material from linear algebra. By emphasizing computation and algorithms rather than physics, this primer makes quantum algorithms accessible to students and researchers in computer science without the complications of quantum mechanical notation, physical concepts, and philosophical issues.After explaining the development of quantum operations and computations based on linear algebra, the book presents the major quantum algorithms, from seminal algorithms by Deutsch, Jozsa, and Simon through Shor's and Grover's algorithms to recent quantum walks. It covers quantum gates, computational complexity, and some graph theory. Mathematical proofs are generally short and straightforward; quantum circuits and gates are used to illuminate linear algebra; and the discussion of complexity is anchored in computational problems rather than machine models. Quantum Algorithms via Linear Algebra is suitable for classroom use or as a reference for computer scientists and mathematicians.
Large-Scale Scientific Computing
by Ivan Lirkov Svetozar MargenovThepapersinthis volumewerepresentedatthe4thInternationalConferenceon Large-Scale Scienti'c Computations ICLSSC 2003. It was held in Sozopol, B- garia, June 4-8, 2003. The conference was organized and sponsored by the C- tral Laboratory for Parallel Processing at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Support was also provided from the Center of Excellence "BIS 21" (funded by the European Commission), SIAM and GAMM. A co-organizer of this tra- tional scienti'c meeting was the Division of Numerical Analysis and Statistics of the University of Rousse. The success of the conference and the present volume in particular are the outcome of the joint e'orts of many colleagues from various institutions and organizations. First thanks to all the members of the Scienti'c Committee for their valuable contribution to forming the scienti'c face of the conference, as well as for their help in reviewing contributed papers. We would like to specially thank the organizers of the special sessions: R. Blaheta, N. Dimitrova, A. Ebel, K. Georgiev, O. Iliev, A. Karaivanova, H. Kosina, M. Krastanov, U. Langer, P. Minev, M. Neytcheva, M. Sch] afer, V. Veliov, and Z. Zlatev. We are also grateful to the sta? involved in the local organization. Special Events: - The conference was devoted to the 60th anniversary of Raytcho Lazarov. - During the conference, the nomination for the World Level of the Hall of Fame for Engineering, Science and Technology, HOFEST, was o'cially awarded to Owe Axelsson.
Large-Scale Scientific Computing: 12th International Conference, LSSC 2019, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 10–14, 2019, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11958)
by Ivan Lirkov Svetozar MargenovThis book constitutes revised papers from the 12th International Conference on Large-Scale Scientific Computing, LSSC 2019, held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, in June 2019. The 70 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. The book also contains two invited talks. The papers were organized in topical sections named as follows: control and optimization of dynamical systems; meshfree and particle methods; fractional diffusion problems: numerical methods, algorithms and applications; pore scale flow and transport simulation; tensors based algorithms and structures in optimization and applications; HPC and big data: algorithms and applications; large-scale models: numerical methods, parallel computations and applications; monte carlo algorithms: innovative applications in conjunctions with other methods; application of metaheuristics to large-scale problems; large scale machine learning: multiscale algorithms and performance guarantees; and contributed papers.
Large-Scale Scientific Computing: 13th International Conference, LSSC 2021, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 7–11, 2021, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13127)
by Ivan Lirkov Svetozar MargenovThis book constitutes revised selected papers from the 13th International Conference on Large-Scale Scientific Computing, LSSC 23021, which was held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, during June 7-11, 2021. The 60 papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 73 submissions. The volume also includes two invited talks in full paper length. The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: Fractional diffusion problems: numerical methods, algorithms and applications; large-scale models: numerical methods, parallel computations and applications; application of metaheuristics to large-scale problems; advanced discretizations and solvers for coupled systems of partial differential equations; optimal control of ODEs, PDEs and applications; tensor and matrix factorization for big-data analysis; machine learning and model order reduction for large scale predictive simulations; HPC and big data: algorithms and applications; and contributed papers.
Large-Scale Scientific Computing
by Ivan Lirkov Svetozar D. Margenov Jerzy WaśniewskiThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereedpost-conference proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Large-ScaleScientific Computations, LSSC 2015, held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, in June 2015. The 49 revised full papers presented were carefullyreviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The general theme for LSSC 2015 wasLarge-Scale Scientific Computing with a particular focus on the organizedspecial sessions: enabling exascale computation; control and uncertain systems;computational microelectronics - from monte carlo to deterministic approaches;numerical methods for multiphysics problems; large-scale models: numericalmethods, parallel computations and applications; mathematical modeling andanalysis of PDEs describing physical problems; a posteriori error control anditerative methods for maxwell type problems; efficient algorithms for hybridHPC systems; multilevel methods on graphs; and applications of metaheuristicsto large-scale problems.
Large-Scale Scientific Computing
by Ivan Lirkov Svetozar Margenov Jerzy WaśniewskiThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Large-Scale Scientific Computations, LSSC 2013, held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, in June 2013. The 74 revised full papers presented together with 5 plenary and invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on numerical modeling of fluids and structures; control and uncertain systems; Monte Carlo methods: theory, applications and distributed computing; theoretical and algorithmic advances in transport problems; applications of metaheuristics to large-scale problems; modeling and numerical simulation of processes in highly heterogeneous media; large-scale models: numerical methods, parallel computations and applications; numerical solvers on many-core systems; cloud and grid computing for resource-intensive scientific applications.
Activity Systems Analysis Methods: Understanding Complex Learning Environments
by Lisa C. Yamagata-LynchIn the last two decades, there has been growing interest in pursuing theoretical paradigms that capture complex learning situations. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) is one of several theoretical frameworks that became very popular among educational researchers because it conceptualizes individuals and their environment as a holistic unit of analysis. It assumes a non-dualistic ontology and acknowledges the complexities involved in human activity in natural settings. Recently, reputable journals such as the American Psychologist, Educational Psychologist, and Educational Researcher that are targeted for a wide-range of audience have included articles on CHAT. In many of such articles, CHAT has been referred to as social constructivism, sociocultural theory, or activity theory. Activity systems analysis is one of the popular methods among CHAT researchers for mapping complex human interactions from qualitative data. However, understanding the methods involved in activity systems analysis is a challenging task for many researchers. This difficulty derives from several reasons. First the original texts of CHAT are in Russian and there have been numerous authors who report on the difficulties of reconciling translation problems of the works of original authors' such as Vygotsky and Leontiev. Second, in North America activity systems analysis has deviated from the Russian scholars' intentions and Engeström's original work using the triangle model to identify tensions to overcome and bring about sociopolitical change in participant practices. Third, to this date there are numerous publications on the theoretical background of activity theory and studies reporting the results of using activity systems analysis for unpacking qualitative data sets, but there have been no methodological publications on how researchers engage in activity systems analysis. Thus, there is a dearth of literature in both book and journal publications that guide researchers on the methodological issues involving activity systems analysis.