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Intelligent Systems for Engineers and Scientists: A Practical Guide to Artificial Intelligence
by Adrian A. HopgoodThe fourth edition of this bestselling textbook explains the principles of artificial intelligence (AI) and its practical applications. Using clear and concise language, it provides a solid grounding across the full spectrum of AI techniques, so that its readers can implement systems in their own domain of interest. The coverage includes knowledge-based intelligence, computational intelligence (including machine learning), and practical systems that use a combination of techniques. All the key techniques of artificial intelligence are explained—including rule-based systems, Bayesian updating, certainty theory, fuzzy logic (types 1 and 2), agents, objects, frames, symbolic learning, case-based reasoning, genetic algorithms and other optimization techniques, shallow and deep neural networks, hybrids, and the Lisp, Prolog, and Python programming languages. The book also describes a wide range of practical applications in interpretation and diagnosis, design and selection, planning, and control. Fully updated and revised, Intelligent Systems for Engineers and Scientists: A practical guide to artificial intelligence, Fourth Edition features: A new chapter on deep neural networks, reflecting the growth of machine learning as a key technique for AI A new section on the use of Python, which has become the de facto standard programming language for many aspects of AI The rule-based and uncertainty-based examples in the book are compatible with the Flex toolkit by Logic Programming Associates (LPA) and its Flint extension for handling uncertainty and fuzzy logic. Readers of the book can download this commercial software for use free of charge. This resource and many others are available at the author’s website: adrianhopgood.com Whether you are building your own intelligent systems, or you simply want to know more about them, this practical AI textbook provides you with detailed and up-to-date guidance.
Intelligent Systems for Rehabilitation Engineering
by Sandeep Kautish Roshani Raut Pranav Pathak Pradeep NINTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR REHABILITATION ENGINEERING Encapsulates different case studies where technology can be used as assistive technology for the physically challenged, visually and hearing impaired. Rehabilitation engineering includes the development of technological solutions and devices to assist individuals with disabilities, while also supporting the recovery of the disabled who have lost their physical and cognitive functions. These systems can be designed and built to meet a wide range of needs that can help individuals with mobility, communication, vision, hearing, and cognition. The growing technological developments in machine learning, deep learning, robotics, virtual intelligence, etc., play an important role in rehabilitation engineering. Intelligent Systems for Rehabilitation Engineering focuses on trending research of intelligent systems in rehabilitation engineering which involves the design and development of innovative technologies and techniques including rehabilitation robotics, visual rehabilitation, physical prosthetics, brain computer interfaces, sensory rehabilitation, motion rehabilitation, etc. This groundbreaking book Provides a comprehensive reference covering different computer assistive techniques for the physically disabled, visually and hearing impaired. Focuses on trending research of intelligent systems in rehabilitation engineering which involves the design and development of innovative technologies and techniques. Provides insights into the role of intelligent systems in rehabilitation engineering. Audience Engineers and device manufacturers working in rehabilitation engineering as well as researchers in computer science, artificial intelligence, electronic engineering, who are working on intelligent systems.
Intelligent Systems for Smart Cities: Select Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, ICISA 2023
by Anand J. Kulkarni Naoufel CheikhrouhouThis book presents the select proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Applications 2023. The theme of this conference is ‘Intelligent Systems for Smart Cities'. It covers the topics of intelligent systems in multiple aspects such as healthcare, supply chain and logistics, smart homes and smart structures, banking and finance, a sustainable environment, social media and cyber security, crime prevention, and disaster management. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals interested in the broad field of artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Intelligent Systems for Social Good: Theory and Practice (Advanced Technologies and Societal Change)
by Naresh Babu Muppalaneni Ashok Kumar Pradhan Shyamapada Mukherjee Sukriti BhattacharyaThis book highlights the connections between two technologies: artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of things (IoT). It presents the application of these two technologies to solve various societal problems related to healthcare, agriculture, green environment, renewable energies, smart cities, etc. Each chapter in this book presents novel solutions to these problems along with the challenges in the application of AI and IoT to solve them. It discusses the adverse attacks on machine Learning models and how to protect sensitive data over the IoT networks. It also includes the security issues in IoT and their possible solutions.
Intelligent Systems for Stability Assessment and Control of Smart Power Grids: Security Analysis, Optimization, and Knowledge Discovery
by Yan Xu Rui Zhang Zhao Yang Dong Yuchen ZhangPower systems are evolving towards the Smart Grid paradigm, featured by large-scale integration of renewable energy resources, e.g. wind and solar power, deeper participation of demand side, and enhanced interaction with electric vehicles. While these emerging elements are inherently stochastic in nature, they are creating a challenge to the system’s stability and its control. In this context, conventional analysis tools are becoming less effective, and necessitate the use alternative tools that are able to deal with the high uncertainty and variability in the smart grid. Smart Grid initiatives have facilitated wide-spread deployment of advanced sensing and communication infrastructure, e.g. phasor measurement units at grid level and smart meters at household level, which collect tremendous amount of data in various time and space scales. How to fully utilize the data and extract useful knowledge from them, is of great importance and value to support the advanced stability assessment and control of the smart grid. The intelligent system strategy has been identified as an effective approach to meet the above needs. This book presents the cutting-edge intelligent system techniques and their applications for stability assessment and control of power systems. The major topics covered in this book are: Intelligent system design and algorithms for on-line stability assessment, which aims to use steady-state operating variables to achieve fast stability assessment for credible contingencies. Intelligent system design and algorithms for preventive stability control, which aims at transparent and interpretable decision-making on preventive control actions to manipulate system operating condition against possible contingencies. Intelligent system design and algorithms for real-time stability prediction, which aims to use synchronized measurements to foresee the stability status under an ongoing disturbance. Intelligent system design and algorithms for emergency stability control, which aims at fast decision-making on stability control actions at emergency stage where instability is propagating. Methodologies and algorithms for improving the robustness of intelligent systems against missing-data issues. This book is a reference and guide for researchers, students, and engineers who seek to study and design intelligent systems to resolve stability assessment and control problems in the smart grid age.
Intelligent Systems in Big Data, Semantic Web and Machine Learning (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1344)
by Janusz Kacprzyk Noreddine GherabiThis book describes important methodologies, tools and techniques from the fields of artificial intelligence, basically those which are based on relevant conceptual and formal development. The coverage is wide, ranging from machine learning to the use of data on the Semantic Web, with many new topics. The contributions are concerned with machine learning, big data, data processing in medicine, similarity processing in ontologies, semantic image analysis, as well as many applications including the use of machine leaning techniques for cloud security, artificial intelligence techniques for detecting COVID-19, the Internet of things, etc. The book is meant to be a very important and useful source of information for researchers and doctoral students in data analysis, Semantic Web, big data, machine learning, computer engineering and related disciplines, as well as for postgraduate students who want to integrate the doctoral cycle.
Intelligent Systems in Computing and Communication: First International Conference, ISCComm 2023, Moodabidri, India, December 8–9, 2023, Proceedings, Part I (Communications in Computer and Information Science #2231)
by Shreekumar T. Dinesha L. Sreeja RajeshThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference, Intelligent Systems in Computing and Communication, ISCComm 2023, held in Moodabidri, India, during December 8–9, 2023. The 36 full papers and 17 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 245 proceedings. They were categorized under the topical sections as follows: Part I: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Part II: IoT&Blockchain Technology, Communication Technology and Data Processing, Image/Video Analysis and Processing
Intelligent Systems in Computing and Communication: First International Conference, ISCComm 2023, Moodabidri, India, December 8–9, 2023, Proceedings, Part-II (Communications in Computer and Information Science #2232)
by Shreekumar T. Dinesha L. Sreeja RajeshThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference, Intelligent Systems in Computing and Communication, ISCComm 2023, held in Moodabidri, India, during December 8–9, 2023. The 36 full papers and 17 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 245 proceedings. They were categorized under the topical sections as follows: Part I: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Part II: IoT&Blockchain Technology, Communication Technology and Data Processing, Image/Video Analysis and Processing
Intelligent Systems in Digital Transformation: Theory and Applications (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #549)
by Cengiz Kahraman Elif HaktanırThis book states that intelligent digital transformation is the process of using artificial intelligence techniques in digital technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, automation and robotics to transform existing non-digital business processes and services to meet with the evolving market and customer expectations. This book including 26 chapters, each written by their experts, focuses on revealing the reflection of digital transformation in our business and social life under emerging conditions through intelligent systems. Intelligent digital transformation examples from almost all sectors including health, education, manufacturing, tourism, insurance, smart cities, banking, energy and transportation are introduced by theory and applications. The intended readers are managers responsible for digital transformation, intelligent systems researchers, lecturers, and MSc and PhD students studying digital transformation.
Intelligent Systems in Healthcare and Disease Identification using Data Science
by H. L. GururajThe health technology has become a hot topic in academic research. It employs the theory of social networks into the different levels of the prediction and analysis and has brought new possibilities for the development of technology. This book is a descriptive summary of challenges and methods using disease identification with various case studies from diverse authors across the globe. One of the new buzzwords in healthcare sector that has become popular over years is health informatics. Healthcare professionals must deal with an increasing number of computers and computer programs in their daily work. With rapid growth of digital data, the role of analytics in healthcare has created a significant impact on healthcare professional’s life. Improvements in storage data, computational power and paral- lelization has also contributed to uptake this technology. This book is intended for use by researchers, health informatics professionals, academicians and undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in knowing more about health informatics. It aims to provide a brief overview about informatics, its history and area of practice, laws in health informatics, challenges and technologies in health informatics, applica- tion of informatics in various sectors and so on. Finally, the research avenues in health informatics along with some case studies are discussed.
Intelligent Systems in Medicine and Health: The Role of AI (Cognitive Informatics in Biomedicine and Healthcare)
by Vimla L. Patel Edward H. Shortliffe Trevor A. CohenThis textbook comprehensively covers the latest state-of-the-art methods and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, placing these developments into a historical context. Factors that assist or hinder a particular technique to improve patient care from a cognitive informatics perspective are identified and relevant methods and clinical applications in areas including translational bioinformatics and precision medicine are discussed. This approach enables the reader to attain an accurate understanding of the strengths and limitations of these emerging technologies and how they relate to the approaches and systems that preceded them. With topics covered including knowledge-based systems, clinical cognition, machine learning and natural language processing, Intelligent Systems in Medicine and Health: The Role of AI details a range of the latest AI tools and technologies within medicine. Suggested additional readings and review questions reinforce the key points covered and ensure readers can further develop their knowledge. This makes it an indispensable resource for all those seeking up-to-date information on the topic of AI in medicine, and one that provides a sound basis for the development of graduate and undergraduate course materials.
Intelligent Systems in Production Engineering and Maintenance: Proceedings Of The First International Conference On Intelligent Systems In Production Engineering And Maintenance Ispem 2017 (Advances In Intelligent Systems and Computing #835)
by Anna Burduk Edward Chlebus Tomasz Nowakowski Agnieszka TubisThe book presents a collection of 103 peer-reviewed articles from the Second International Conference on Intelligent Systems in Production Engineering and Maintenance (ISPEM 2018). The conference was organized by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and CAMT (Centre for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies), Wrocław University of Science and Technology and was held in Wrocław (Poland) on 17–18 September 2018.The conferences topics included the possibility of using a wide range of intelligent methods in production engineering, presenting and discussing new solutions for innovative plants, research findings and case studies demonstrating advances in production and maintenance from the point of view of Industry 4.0 – particularly applications of intelligent systems, methods and tools in production engineering, maintenance, logistics, quality management, information systems and product development.The book is divided into two parts: the first includes papers related to intelligent systems in production engineering, while the second is dedicated to special sessions focusing on:1. Computer Aided methods in Production Engineering2. Mining 4.0 and Intelligent Mining Transportation3. Modelling and Simulation of Production Processes4. Multi-Faceted Modelling of Networks and Processes5. Product Design and Product Manufacturing in Industry 4.0This book is an excellent source of information for scientists in the field of manufacturing engineering and for top managers in production enterprises.
Intelligent Systems in Science and Information 2014
by Kohei Arai Supriya Kapoor Rahul BhatiaThe book Intelligent Systems in Science and Information 2014 is the carefully edited collection of 25 extended chapters from selected papers in the field of Computational Intelligence that , which received highly recommended feedback during the Science and Information Conference (SAI) 2014 review process. All chapters have gone through substantial extension and consolidation and were subject to another round of rigorous review and additional modification and represent the state of the art of the cutting-edge research and technologies in the related areas.
Intelligent Systems of Computing and Informatics
by Anand J. Kulkarni Chin Kim On Abdul Karim, Samsul Ariffin Hijazi, Mohd Hanafi AhmadSince 2011, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) has played a significant role in education, research, and industry. Data technologies have also evolved rapidly to cater to the rapidly growing size of the data as well as to enhance the security of the shared data through multiple resources and platforms.Intelligent Systems of Computing and Informatics aims to develop a new Intelligent Systems of Computing and Informatics (ISCI) to cater to the needs of industries in line with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of affordable and clean energy and sustainable cities and communities.Comprising 20 chapters by experts from all over the world, this book covers such topics as data technologies, machine learning, signal and image processing, software systems efficiency, computer networking, Internet of Things, and computational intelligence for real-life problems.Key Features: Develops a new system for computing and informatics Provides the state of the art of current research and studies in intelligence systems Written by experts in the field of computing and informatics This book is aimed at postgraduate students, researchers working in various research and development (R&D) agencies, and practitioners, as well as scientists that have an interest in ISCI.
Intelligent Systems, Blockchain, and Communication Technologies: Selected Papers From the International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Blockchain, and Communication Technologies (ISBCom24) - Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1268)
by Ahmed Abdelgawad Akhtar Jamil Alaa Ali HameedThis proceedings book comprises high-quality papers from the 1st International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Blockchain, and Communication Technologies (ISBCom-2024), offering insights into the integration of computing, IoT, and data analytics across diverse fields. Structured to emphasize real-world applications, it presents impactful studies that propose novel solutions to current challenges in these domains. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and students interested in the latest advancements in intelligent systems and smart technologies. It spans foundational theories to practical implementations, exploring new tools and methodologies for data-driven solutions in areas like artificial intelligence, IoT infrastructures, and data analytics. This collection is essential for those seeking to stay updated on current trends and apply theoretical knowledge to practical, innovative applications.
Intelligent Systems, Business, and Innovation Research (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #489)
by Rim El Khoury Nohade NasrallahIntelligent systems research is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the development of systems that can perceive, reason, and act autonomously. This can include areas such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and robotics. The goal of intelligent systems research is to develop systems that can understand, learn from, and adapt to their environment, to perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence.Business and innovation research is an interdisciplinary field that examines how organizations can create, develop, and implement new ideas, products, and services. This can include areas such as organizational behaviour, strategic management, and marketing. The goal of business and innovation research is to understand how organizations can foster an environment that encourages creativity and innovation, and how they can develop and implement new ideas in a way that leads to success.Intelligent Systems, Business and Innovation Research is a research area that brings together these two fields to study the use of intelligent systems and technologies in the business context to drive innovation, improve operational efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. The book aims to understand how intelligent systems can be used in business applications, how to design and implement them, how to manage the associated challenges, and how to leverage them to foster innovation, create new business models, and gain competitive advantage. It offers guidance on how to navigate potential conflicts and challenges that may arise during multidisciplinary research in areas such as Industry 4.0, Internet of Things, modern machine learning, software agent applications, and data science. The book focuses on the various fields in which intelligent systems play a critical role in enabling the development of advanced technologies that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence. For example, in smart/control systems, intelligent algorithms can be used to optimize the performance of machines and devices, while in cyber security, they can be used to protect networks and data from cyber-attacks. In bioinformatics, intelligent systems can be used to analyse large amounts of biological data, while in virtual reality and robotics, they can be used to create realistic and responsive simulations and automatons. Additionally, the book also highlights the rapidly advancing theoretical foundations of fuzzy sets, mathematical logic, and non-classical logic. These are important theoretical frameworks for the development of intelligent systems, as they provide the foundation for the representation and manipulation of uncertainty, complexity, and imprecision. These theoretical foundations are essential in the development of intelligent systems that can make decisions and perform tasks in uncertain, complex, and dynamic environments.
Intelligent Systems, Technologies and Applications: Proceedings Of Ista 2018 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #910)
by Deepak Mishra Sushmita Mitra Sabu M. Thampi Juan M. Corchado Jayanta Mukhopadhyay Stefano Berretti P. Nagabhushan Ljiljana TrajkovicThis book explores and discusses various aspects of intelligent systems technologies and their applications. It constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications (ISTA’18), September 19-22, 2018, Bangalore, India. All submissions were evaluated on the basis of their significance, novelty, and technical quality. This book contains 20 papers selected for presentation at the Symposium. The book is chiefly intended for, and offers a valuable resource for, researchers and scientists engaged in various fields involving intelligent systems.
Intelligent Systems, Technologies and Applications: Proceedings of Fifth ISTA 2019, India (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1148)
by Deepak Mishra Sushmita Mitra Sabu M. Thampi El-Sayed M. El-Alfy P. Nagabhushan Ljiljana Trajkovic Zoran BojkovicThis book explores and discusses various aspects of intelligent systems technologies and their applications. Presenting the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications (ISTA 2019), held at the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management-Kerala (IIITM-K), Trivandrum, India, on December 18–21, 2019, it covers a variety of topics, such as knowledge discovery, data mining, pattern recognition, signal processing, intelligent image processing, artificial vision, ad hoc and wireless sensor networks, business intelligence and big data analytics.
Intelligent Systems, Technologies and Applications: Proceedings of Sixth ISTA 2020, India (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1353)
by Sushmita Mitra Sabu M. Thampi El-Sayed M. El-Alfy Marcin Paprzycki Ljiljana TrajkovicThis book offers to readers a selection of refereed papers that were presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications (ISTA’20). All submissions were evaluated on the basis of their significance, novelty, and technical quality. This book consists of 28 papers (19 regular and 9 short papers) that were virtually presented at the Symposium. The papers cover different areas such as big data analytics, security and privacy, Internet of things, machine and deep learning, health informatics, visual computing, signal processing, and natural language processing. The book is directed to the researchers and scientists engaged in various fields of intelligent systems.
Intelligent Systems: 10th Brazilian Conference, BRACIS 2021, Virtual Event, November 29 – December 3, 2021, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13073)
by André Britto Karina Valdivia DelgadoThe two-volume set LNAI 13073 and 13074 constitutes the proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, BRACIS 2021, held in São Paolo, Brazil, in November-December 2021. The total of 77 papers presented in these two volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 192 submissions.The contributions are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Agent and Multi-Agent Systems, Planning and Reinforcement Learning; Evolutionary Computation, Metaheuristics, Constrains and Search, Combinatorial and Numerical Optimization, Knowledge Representation, Logic and Fuzzy Systems; Machine Learning and Data Mining. Part II: Multidisciplinary Artificial and Computational Intelligence and Applications; Neural Networks, Deep Learning and Computer Vision; Text Mining and Natural Language Processing. Due to the COVID-2019 pandemic, BRACIS 2021 was held as a virtual event.
Intelligent Systems: 10th Brazilian Conference, BRACIS 2021, Virtual Event, November 29 – December 3, 2021, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13074)
by André Britto Karina Valdivia DelgadoThe two-volume set LNAI 13073 and 13074 constitutes the proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, BRACIS 2021, held in São Paolo, Brazil, in November-December 2021. The total of 77 papers presented in these two volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 192 submissions.The contributions are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Agent and Multi-Agent Systems, Planning and Reinforcement Learning; Evolutionary Computation, Metaheuristics, Constrains and Search, Combinatorial and Numerical Optimization, Knowledge Representation, Logic and Fuzzy Systems; Machine Learning and Data Mining. Part II: Multidisciplinary Artificial and Computational Intelligence and Applications; Neural Networks, Deep Learning and Computer Vision; Text Mining and Natural Language Processing. Due to the COVID-2019 pandemic, BRACIS 2021 was held as a virtual event.
Intelligent Systems: 11th Brazilian Conference, BRACIS 2022, Campinas, Brazil, November 28 – December 1, 2022, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13653)
by João Carlos Xavier-Junior Ricardo Araújo RiosThe two-volume set LNAI 13653 and 13654 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, BRACIS 2022, which took place in Campinas, Brazil, in November/December 2022. The 89 papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 225 submissions. The conference deals with theoretical aspects and applications of artificial and computational intelligence.
Intelligent Systems: 11th Brazilian Conference, BRACIS 2022, Campinas, Brazil, November 28 – December 1, 2022, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13654)
by João Carlos Xavier-Junior Ricardo Araújo RiosThe two-volume set LNAI 13653 and 13654 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, BRACIS 2022, which took place in Campinas, Brazil, in November/December 2022. The 89 papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 225 submissions. The conference deals with theoretical aspects and applications of artificial and computational intelligence.
Intelligent Systems: 12th Brazilian Conference, BRACIS 2023, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, September 25–29, 2023, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14195)
by Reinaldo A. C. Bianchi Murilo C. NaldiThe three-volume set LNAI 14195, 14196, and 14197 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, BRACIS 2023, which took place in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in September 2023. The 90 full papers included in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 242 submissions. They have been organized in topical sections as follows:Part I: Best papers; resource allocation and planning; rules and feature extraction; AI and education; agent systems; explainability; AI models; Part II: Transformer applications; convolutional neural networks; deep learning applications; reinforcement learning and GAN; classification; machine learning analysis;Part III: Evolutionary algorithms; optimization strategies; computer vision; language and models; graph neural networks; pattern recognition; AI applications.
Intelligent Systems: 12th Brazilian Conference, BRACIS 2023, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, September 25–29, 2023, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14196)
by Reinaldo A. C. Bianchi Murilo C. NaldiThe three-volume set LNAI 14195, 14196, and 14197 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, BRACIS 2023, which took place in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in September 2023. The 90 full papers included in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 242 submissions. They have been organized in topical sections as follows:Part I: Best papers; resource allocation and planning; rules and feature extraction; AI and education; agent systems; explainability; AI models; Part II: Transformer applications; convolutional neural networks; deep learning applications; reinforcement learning and GAN; classification; machine learning analysis;Part III: Evolutionary algorithms; optimization strategies; computer vision; language and models; graph neural networks; pattern recognition; AI applications.