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Group Performance
by Bernard A. NijstadPeople interact and perform in group settings in all areas of life. Organizations and businesses are increasingly structuring work around groups and teams. Every day, we work in groups such as families, friendship groups, societies and sports teams, to make decisions and plans, solve problems, perform physical tasks, generate creative ideas, and more. Group Performance outlines the current state of social psychological theories and findings concerning the performance of groups. It explores the basic theories surrounding group interaction and development and investigates how groups affect their members. Bernard A. Nijstad discusses these issues in relation to the many different tasks that groups may perform, including physical tasks, idea generation and brainstorming, decision-making, problem-solving, and making judgments and estimates. Finally, the book closes with an in-depth discussion of teamwork and the context in which groups interact and perform. Offering an integrated approach, with particular emphasis on the interplay between group members, the group task, interaction processes and context, this book provides a state-of-the-art overview of social psychological theory and research. It will be highly valuable to undergraduates, graduates and researchers in social psychology, organizational behavior and business.
Formulation and Treatment in Clinical Health Psychology
by Ana V. Nikčević Andrzej R. Kuczmierczyk Michael BruchHow do clinicians select appropriate treatment strategies to match their clients' needs? Formulation and Treatment in Clinical Health Psychology brings together leading experts in the fields of clinical health psychology and behavioural medicine with the aim of illustrating the formulation and treatment design procedures which they employ in their specialist areas. Each chapter covers the key biopsychosocial parameters, assessment modalities, empirically based treatment strategies and formulation procedures for specific problems. Areas covered include: cognitive-behavioural case formulation in the treatment of alcohol problems psychological treatment of hypertension cognitive therapy for irritable bowel syndrome miscarriage: conceptualisation and treatment of the psychological sequelae. Case studies are employed throughout to demonstrate a link between case formulation, treatment planning and outcome. The practical guidance provided in this volume will prove invaluable for all practising clinicians working in the context of health-related problems.
Stereotypes and Language Learning Motivation: A Study of L2 Learners of Asian Languages
by Larisa NikitinaThis book explores stereotypes that learners of six Asian languages— Japanese, Mandarin, Korean, Myanmar, Thai and Vietnamese—hold about the target language country, its cultures and people. Some of the findings, such as the language learners’ mental images of Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, are presented here for the first time. Recognizing that stereotypes, and attitudes embedded in them, have an impact on people’s actions and behavioural intentions, this book examines whether and how the country stereotypes held by the students influenced their motivation to learn the target language. Besides providing worthwhile insights into the content and structure of the country stereotypes and their relationship with language learning motivation, this book offers methodological and theoretical advancements. Drawing on intellectual heritage of Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) the book highlights how the concepts of word meaning (znachenie slova) and word sense (smysl) could be fruitfully employed in studies on stereotypes that people learning a foreign language hold about a target language country. This book will appeal to all readers interested in stereotypes that people have about foreign countries and also to educators and researchers who study language learning motivation.
Frühe Förderung innerhalb der Familie: Das kindliche Lernen in der familiären Lernumwelt: ein Überblick (essentials)
by Frank NiklasFrank Niklas setzt sich in diesem essential mit dem spannenden Themenfeld der familiären Lernumwelt auseinander. Der Autor fasst alles Wichtige zur Förderung früher mathematischer und schriftsprachlicher Kompetenzen innerhalb der Familie einfach und kompakt zusammen. So zeigt er, dass Würfelspiele und Vorlesen bereits ein guter Start, aber bei Weitem noch nicht alles sind. Eine anregungsreiche und positive familiäre Lernumwelt für die eigenen Kinder zu gestalten, gelingt nicht einfach so nebenbei. Aber es ist auch nicht allzu schwierig, die eigenen Kinder zu unterstützen – und viel wichtiger: Es kann richtig Spaß machen.
Current Trends in Connectionism: Proceedings of the 1995 Swedish Conference on Connectionism
by Lars F. Niklasson Mikael B. BodIn order to build "intelligent" machines, many researchers have turned to the only naturally occurring intelligent system: the brain. For quite a while now, both the function and architecture of the brain have served as inspiration to philosophers, psychologists, computer scientists, neurobiologists, physicists and others in their quest for solving problems that seem to require intelligence in their own particular domain. The progress in the field of connectionism -- or artificial neural networks -- has had its ups and downs during its maturing years. Advocates of the field pointed out the virtues of connectionist systems, dealing with low-level cognitive tasks such as visual recognition and pattern completion, and inherent properties such as generalization, fault tolerance and parallel processing. However, research in the field virtually came to a halt at the end of the 1960s when Minsky and Papert published their critical analysis of connectionist systems, Perceptrons. In the beginning of the 1980s, the field was reborn with the appearance of new powerful learning methods which overcame many of the computational problems identified by Minsky and Papert. This volume is characterized by a number of different research directions distinguished by their perspectives on systems comprising interconnected sets of simple processing elements. Scientists who have strong backgrounds in neurobiology concentrate on the issues involved when modelling natural systems. Researchers with philosophical and psychological backgrounds stress other aspects which might not always be intuitively relevant to biology but instead are concerned with the mind and its higher-order cognitive capabilities. On the other hand, many researchers and engineers in industry take advantage of the wide applicability and mathematical properties of connectionist systems in order to solve practical problems, sacrificing even more of the principles underlying the basic idea of mimicking the function and architecture of the brain. None of these directions are right or wrong, but there has perhaps been too little exchange of knowledge and experience between them. The main purpose for organizing this conference was to bring together researchers with different backgrounds to exchange ideas and visions in the broad field of connectionism -- providing means for new insights that may push this area to another major breakthrough.
Employee Recruitment, Selection, and Assessment: Contemporary Issues for Theory and Practice
by Ioannis Nikolaou Janneke K. OostromPersonnel selection is changing. Whilst traditional face-to-face interviews are still common, the range of assessment processes that inform the selection of candidates is increasingly diverse, taking advantage not only of new technologies, but also using new methods and strategies, such as assessment centres and personality testing. This new collection looks at the most important contemporary issues in recruitment, selection and assessment today, highlighting the latest research from the perspective of both recruiter and applicant. The book is written by an international range of prominent scholars in this area, and provides up-to-date analysis of key topic areas, including: How measurements of intelligence can impact on recruitment policies The use and value of personality tests An analysis of social interaction in the interview process The value and impact of video resumes in recruitment How social networks affect how applicants are perceived Job analysis and competencies modelling Part of the Current Issues in Work & Organizational Psychology series, this is an important book that shines a light on the latest theory and practice in employee recruitment. It will interest not only students and researchers of Organizational Psychology, HRM and Business and Management, but will also engage professionals in the field.
5 días me separan de tu cuerpo y mi alma
by Stevan V. Nikolic María Gil del CampoSegún la reveladora novela 5 días me separan de tu cuerpo y mi alma hacer lo que te dicte el corazón, comprender cuáles son realmente tus pasiones, hallar tu propia alma y creer en algo, en un alguien superior al hombre es aquello que hace que merezca la pena vivir, lo que conforma la dignidad de la vida del ser humano. El momento cumbre del rocambolesco viaje por la vida de Michael Nicolau se produce cuando se encuentra con María un fin de semana de enero en la pintoresca ciudad costera de Faro, al sur de Portugal. En este romance fantástico, el autor compagina, con éxito, el imaginario mundo de los sueños, los dioses y la magia esotérica con el mundo real, un mundo de engaño y mentiras, encuentros eróticos, amores frustrados, distanciamiento espiritual y con la eterna búsqueda del hombre por encontrar su paz y felicidad interior.
Weekend a Faro
by Stevan V. Nikolic ValentinaUn romanzo al limite tra il sogno e la realtà. Un storia d'amore al di là del tempo, dello spazio e delle convenzioni.
Week by Week: Plans for Documenting Children's Development
by Barbara Ann NilsenWeek by Week is a documentation system guidebook for students and practitioners in early childhood education who work with toddlers through second-grade children. Each chapter has two main parts: the documentation method and the child development overview.
Perspectives on Memory Research: Essays in Honor of Uppsala University's 500th Anniversary (Psychology Library Editions: Memory)
by Lars-Göran NilssonOriginally published in 1979, this book contains papers presented at a conference held in 1977 to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the University of Uppsala. Beyond the commemoration, the main reason for this conference was to get students of memory together to discuss and evaluate the memory research that had already been carried out, was presently underway and to speculate about the type of research in this area that would be carried out in the future. The contributors were specifically asked to concentrate on overall theoretical and metatheoretical questions at the cost of empirical problems. With chapters from many of the leading experts in the field this is an opportunity to enjoy some of their early insights.
Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach
by Lars-Goran Nilsson Lars R. Bergman Robert B. Cairns Lars NystedtThis book is the outcome of a symposium where leading researchers, mainly in developmental psychology, came together to discuss the implications of the emerging developmental science and the holistic approach. In doing this, the authors wanted to honor a distinguished colleague, David Magnusson, and his career-long contributions to this field. The purpose of the book is to discuss the profound implications for developmental science of the holistic paradigm, especially with regard to the individual development within psychology. Against the background of their own empirical, theoretical, or methodological research, the authors have tried to identify what is needed for the developmental theory and methods within this paradigm and discuss possibilities and limitations in relation to conventional approaches.
Dementia and Memory
by Lars-Göran Nilsson Nobuo OhtaA negative effect of the ageing population is that more individuals are experiencing cognitive decline and some form of neurodegenerative disease. With the number of people experiencing dementia likely to double in the next 20 years, this change in society presents one of greatest challenges facing public health personnel in the 21st century. The aim of this volume is to describe research that is in progress, and the major findings that have been obtained in the scientific study of dementia. The chapters in the first section of the book focus upon early signs of dementia, and consider several approaches to finding early cognitive signs and biological markers of dementia. The second section considers whether dementia is inevitable for people who become very old, and features chapters on risk factors and proactive influences, cognitive reserve and intervention. Each chapter in the final section describes phenomena which are related to differences in function between memory systems, including anterograde memory in fronto-temporal dementia, and the role semantic memory and semantic cognition may play in developing an understanding of the development of the degenerative processes in dementia. With contributions from world-class researchers in this area, the volume offers a concise overview of key findings in recent research on dementia and memory. It will be of great interest to researchers and advanced students of cognitive psychology, and to those working in related fields, such as gerontology, rehabilitation sciences, and allied health.
Memory and Society: Psychological Perspectives
by Lars-Göran Nilsson Nobuo OhtaMemory and Society explores the social factors which influence human memory and our conceptualisation of memory. It examines the relationships between memory, society and culture and considers the relevance of theories of memory to real world issues. The opening section deals with the topic of autobiographical memory. It looks at the role of the self; how the self is shaped by society but also how it is the self which encodes and constructs memories. The Reconstructive nature of episodic memory is considered and how the present acts as the basis for remembering the past, with the rememberer's beliefs, desires and interpretations playing a central role. The middle section looks at the influence of the social environment on learning. It debates the relevance of the application of basic principles gained in laboratory settings to learning and memory in social settings. These principles are used to throw light on topics such as e-learning, eyewitness testimonies and optimal treatment and thinking. Moreover, these real world scenarios are themselves used to throw light on basic principles and how they can be improved. The final section looks at the social consequences and costs of memory deficits, covering normal aging and pathological changes in old age, memory deficits related to dyslexia, working memory problems in everyday cognition, problems in executive functions in chronic alcoholics, and Korsakoff amnesics. It also examines methods of rehabilitation for everyday life. Incorporating contributions from leading international authorities in memory research, as well as new data and ideas for the direction of future research, this book will be invaluable to psychologists working in the fields of memory and society.
Be a Player: A Breakthrough Approach to Playing Better ON the Golf Course
by Pia Nilsson Lynn Marriott Susan K. ReedThe founders of the world-renowned VISION54 training program take golf instruction to the next level in this groundbreaking approach to mastering the game.Golf is a beloved yet technical game, so a sound swing and precise technique are essential. Most golfers who want to improve their skills go to the range and work painstakingly on their swings, not realizing it’s often their performance state on the course that needs work, not their technique. Simple things such as awareness of your balance, tension, and tempo, as well as the ability to control mental, emotional, and social variables you encounter while playing can quickly take your game to a new performance level.Pia Nilsson and Lynn Marriott, founders of VISION54’s groundbreaking and innovative golf program are here to help. Aimed at both the weekend golfer and the advanced player, each chapter presents a series of “human skills” —including assignments, explorations, and mini-lessons—that strip away the complexity surrounding swing technique and playing consistency—the conditional variations that plague golfers.Be A Player is the must-have book for any golfer who wants to unite technical skills and on-course performance seamlessly and effectively. With this cutting-edge text by your side, you will become a true student of VISION54 and a better player better on the course . . . where it matters most!
Kids of Knutby: Living in and Leaving the Swedish Filadelfia Congregation (Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities)
by Sanja NilssonThis book tells the story of the children and youth of the charismatic new religious commune Knutby Filadelfia in Sweden. It recounts the history of the congregation, which started out as a part of the Swedish Pentecostalmovement in 1921. In the 1990s, it developed into a new religion, when the congregation’s female pastor embraced the role of the Bride of Christ. The congregation became widely known in 2004 when one of its members was murdered by another member, the latter claiming to have been acting on orders from God. In 2018, the congregation dissolved after a few years of internal crisis.Sanja Nilsson provides rich empirical analysis of archival material and interviews with the congregation’s children and youth. The young informants’ personal perspectives on their own childhoods encompass narratives from their time inside the congregation, when they identified as members of a stigmatizedminority religion, as well as from the time after the dissolution of the group, when they identified asdefectors from what they came to view as a sectarian milieu.This work offers a comprehensive insight into the Knutby Filadelfia congregation, a group, that although notoriously charted by the media, has been hitherto unexplored by academics. It adds to the growing field of studies concerned with childhoods within new religions and expounds the dynamics of the defection process from the rarely applied perspective of children and youth themselves.
Finding Meaning in Later Life: Gathering and Harvesting the Fruits of Women’s Experience
by Marcia NimmerFinding Meaning in Later Life: Gathering and Harvesting the Fruits of Women’s Experience is an exploration in understanding the psychological tasks inherent for women in creating and maintaining purpose as they mature and enter their later years. With ever-increasing lifespan for elders, it becomes important for a society that glorifies youth to meet the challenges of this developmental milestone. Many books and articles on post-midlife are written from a biological and behavioral stance—with quantitative data supporting concrete lifestyle recommendations for "successful aging." Using this lens, successful aging is often defined as having good to excellent health, no disabilities in activities of daily living, good cognitive functioning, and living in the community. That "received wisdom" leads to the conundrum that the only path to successful aging is by not aging! This book challenges current thoughts on aging, expanding our perspective such that purpose and meaning in later years derives from inner resources that are not dependent on biological and physical states of being. Its conclusions stem from the direct experience and voices of mature women, obtained through qualitative research. The results of this study shed light on existential theories, bringing them to life with added weight and traction. Ultimately, the ideas explored here unfold as a map to navigate this often-misunderstood stage in life.
Anything for My Child: Making Impossible Decisions for Medically Complex Children
by Stephanie NimmoEvery parent wants the same thing: for their child to enjoy a long and fulfilling life. But what happens when things don't go according to plan? What happens when parents have to become advocates for their child's healthcare needs? Who decides what is in a child's 'best interests'?Stephanie Nimmo faced these questions first-hand when her daughter, Daisy, was diagnosed with a life-limiting condition as a baby. Seen through the lens of Stephanie's own experiences, this sensitive book delves into the complex world of medical ethics and paediatric palliative care. From recognising tipping points to the importance of building relationships with palliative care teams well before crisis, this book explores how medical professionals can better support families throughout their child's care.Interviews with clinicians and snapshots from the lives of patients' families provide insight into the realities of life on both sides of the hospital bed. Compassionate explanations of the conflicting pressures in the hospital system foster understanding and help medical professionals and families work together.
The Aging of Aquarius: The Hippies of the 60s in Their 60s and Beyond
by Galit NimrodThere is no group of individuals more iconic of 1960s counterculture than the hippies – the long-haired, colorfully dressed youth who rebelled against mainstream societal values, preached and practiced love and peace, and generally sought more meaningful and authentic lives. These 'flower children' are now over sixty and comprise a significant part of the older population in the United States. While some hippies rejoined mainstream American society as they grew older, others still maintain the hippie ideology and lifestyle. This book is the first to explore the aging experience of older hippies by examining aspects related to identity, generativity, daily activities, spirituality, community, end-of-life care, and wellbeing. Based on 40 in-depth interviews with lifelong, returning, and past residents of The Farm, an intentional community in Tennessee that was founded in 1971 and still exists today, insights into the subculture of aging hippies and their keys to wellbeing are shared.
Pragmatic Development
by Anat NinioThe pragmatic system consists of the rules for appropriate and communicatively-effective language use. This book provides an integrated view of the acquisition of the various pragmatic subsystems, including expression of communicative intents, participation in conversation, and production of extended discourse. The three components of the pragmatic system are presented in a way that makes clear how they relate to each other and why they all fall under the rubric of "pragmatics". The authors combine their own extensive work in these three domains with an overview of the field of pragmatic development, describing how linguistic pragmatics relates to other aspects of language development, to social development, and to becoming a member of one's culture.
Language Sampling with Adolescents: Implications for Intervention (Second Edition)
by Marilyn A. Nippold<p>Language Sampling with Adolescents: Implications for Intervention, now in its second edition, provides guidelines for analyzing spoken and written language production in adolescents. It is geared toward graduate students and speech-language pathologists who work in the public schools with middle school and high school students (Grades 5-12). The book includes many tables, figures, and practical exercises (with answer keys) to help readers understand how to analyze the content and structure of what adolescents express in different genres: conversational, narrative, expository, and persuasive. Based on formal analyses, the book indicates how the information can be applied to establish functional language goals for adolescents with language disorders. It also explains how to implement intervention activities that are designed to enhance spoken and written language production in adolescents. <p>For the second edition, the author has revised and updated the content and added a new chapter on "Adolescent Language Disorders" that includes information on specific language impairment, nonspecific language impairment, and autism spectrum disorder. </p>
Expository Discourse in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Development and Disorders (New Directions in Communication Disorders Research)
by Marilyn A. Nippold Cheryl M. ScottSchool success in the 21st century requires proficiency with expository discourse -- the use and understanding of informative language in spoken and written modalities. This occurs, for example, when high school students read their textbooks and listen to their teachers' lectures, and later are asked to demonstrate their knowledge of this complex topic through oral reports and essay examinations. Although many students are proficient with the expository genre, others struggle to meet these expectations. This book is designed to provide information on the use and understanding of expository discourse in school-age children, adolescents, and young adults. Recently, researchers from around the world have been investigating the development of this genre in typical students and in those with language disorders. Although many books have addressed the development of conversational and narrative discourse, by comparison, books devoted to the topic of expository discourse are sparse. This crossdisciplinary volume fills that gap in the literature and makes a unique contribution to the study of language development and disorders. It will be of interest to a range of professionals, including speech-language pathologists, teachers, linguists, and psychologists who are concerned with language development and disorders.
Getting Through To People
by Jesse S. NirenbergIf you think you can't reach all the people all the time - think again! Now you can persuade even the most stubborn or hostile audience to see your point of view with these proven techniques from Dr. Jesse S. Nirenberg. Through dozens of anecdotes, you'll learn how to control conversations with emotional people, how to hold other people's attention, and how to decode what people are really trying to tell you. And you'll discover how to reach the most shy and private people and make them want to open up to you. Getting Through to People invites you to join the over 300,000 people using these powerful methods to break through the mental barriers that obstruct true person-to-person communication, and enhance your personal and business success.-Audio ed.
Learning Strategies (Routledge Library Editions: Psychology of Education)
by John Nisbet Janet ShucksmithOriginally published in 1986, designed for teachers and those concerned with the education of primary and secondary school pupils, Learning Strategies presented a new approach to ‘learning to learn’. Its aim was to encourage teachers to start thinking about different approaches to harnessing the potential of young learners. It was also relevant to adult learners, and to those who teach them. Thus, although about learning, the book is also very much about teaching. Learning Strategies presents a critical view of the study skills courses offered in schools at the time, and assesses in non-technical language what contributions could be made to the learning debate by recent developments in cognitive psychology. The traditional curriculum concentrated on ‘information’ and developing skills in reading, writing, mathematics and specialist subjects, while the more general strategies of how to learn, to solve problems, and to select appropriate methods of working, were too often neglected. Learning to learn involves strategies like planning ahead, monitoring one’s performance, checking and self-testing. Strategies like these are taught in schools, but children do not learn to apply them beyond specific applications in narrowly defined tasks. The book examines the broader notion of learning strategies, and the means by which we can control and regulate our use of skills in learning. It also shows how these ideas can be translated into classroom practice. The final chapter reviews the place of learning strategies in the curriculum.
The Geography of Thought
by Richard NisbettEveryone knows that while different cultures may think about the world differently, they use the same equipment for doing their thinking. Everyone knows that whatever the skin color, nationality, or religion, every human being uses the same tools for perception, for memory, and for reasoning. Everyone knows that a logically true statement is true in English, German, or Hindi. Everyone knows that when a Chinese and an American look at the same painting, they see the same painting.But what if everyone is wrong?When psychologist Richard E. Nisbett showed an animated underwater scene to his American students, they zeroed in on a big fish swimming among smaller fish. Japanese subjects, on the other hand, made observations about the background environment -- and the different "seeings" are a clue to profound underlying cognitive differences between Westerners and East Asians. For, as Professor Nisbett shows in The Geography of Thought, people actually think about -- and even see -- the world differently because of differing ecologies, social structures, philosophies, and educational systems that date back to ancient Greece and China and that have survived into the modern world. As a result, East Asian thought is "holistic" -- drawn to the perceptual field as a whole and to relations among objects and events within that field. By comparison to Western modes of reasoning, East Asian thought relies far less on categories or on formal logic; it is fundamentally dialectic, seeking a "middle way" between opposing thoughts. By contrast, Westerners focus on salient objects or people, use attributes to assign them to catergories, and apply rules of formal logic to understand their behavior. The Geography of Thought documents Professor Nisbett's groundbreaking international research in cultural psychology, a series of comparative studies both persuasive in their rigor and startling in their conclusions, addressing questions such as: Why did the ancient Chinese excel at algebra and arithmetic, but not geometry, the brilliant achievement of such Greeks as Euclid? Why do East Asians find it so difficult to disentangle an object from its surroundings? Why do Western infants learn nouns more rapidly than verbs, when it is the other way around in East Asia? What are the implications of these cognitive differences for the future of international politics? Do they support a Fukuyamaesque "end of history" scenario or a Huntingtonian "clash of civilizations"?From feng shui to metaphysics, from comparative linguistics to economic history, a gulf separates the children of Aristotle from the descendants of Confucius. At a moment in history when the need for cross-cultural understanding and collaboration have never been more important, The Geography of Thought offers both a map to that gulf and a blueprint for a bridge that might be able to span it.
Mindware
by Richard NisbettLearn how to think more effectively, at work and at home. Many scientific and philosophical ideas are so powerful that they can be applied to our lives at home and work and school to help us think smarter and more effectively about our behaviour and the world around us. Surprisingly, many of these ideas remain unknown to most of us. In Mindware, the world-renowned psychologist Richard Nisbett presents these ideas in clear and accessible detail, offering a tool kit for better thinking and wiser decisions. He has made a distinguished career of studying and teaching such powerful problem-solving concepts as the law of large numbers, statistical regression, cost-benefit analysis, sunk costs and opportunity costs, and causation and correlation, probing how best to teach others to use them effectively in their daily lives. In this groundbreaking book, he shows that a course in a given field--statistics or economics, for example--often doesn't work as well as a few minutes of more practical instruction in analyzing everyday situations. Mindware shows how to reframe common problems in such a way that these powerful scientific and statistical concepts can be applied to them. The result is an enlightening and practical guide to the most powerful tools of reasoning ever developed--tools that can easily be used to make better professional, business and personal decisions.