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Measurement, Mathematics and New Quantification Theory (Behaviormetrics: Quantitative Approaches to Human Behavior #16)
by Shizuhiko NishisatoThe purpose of this book is to thoroughly prepare diverse areas of researchers in quantification theory. As is well known, quantification theory has attracted the attention of a countless number of researchers, some mathematically oriented and others not, but all of them are experts in their own disciplines. Quantifying non-quantitative (qualitative) data requires a variety of mathematical and statistical strategies, some of which are quite complicated. Unlike many books on quantification theory, the current book places more emphasis on preliminary requisites of mathematical tools than on details of quantification theory. As such, the book is primarily intended for readers whose specialty is outside mathematical sciences. The book was designed to offer non-mathematicians a variety of mathematical tools used in quantification theory in simple terms. Once all the preliminaries are fully discussed, quantification theory is then introduced in the last section as a simple application of those mathematical procedures fully discussed so far. The book opens up further frontiers of quantification theory as simple applications of basic mathematics.
Autistic People in Dental and Medical Clinics: Challenges and Solutions (New Perspectives in Behavioral & Health Sciences)
by Gabriel BennettWith 1 in 44 people now being diagnosed as autistic, there is a view that clinical environments should be “autistic friendly”. However, despite this expectation, medical and dental students are rarely taught how they can make their future clinical workplaces comfortable for autistic patients. Similarly, allied health professional, such as occupational therapists and psychologists, are also not taught this information. Due to this lack of knowledge, each day countless autistics and their families are exposed to potentially stressful clinical situations that can jeopardise the delivery of effective treatment. To help mitigate this situation, this book will give university students as well as established healthcare professionals an understanding of how they can assist autistic patients in clinical settings.This book is more than just providing strategies that aspiring and established healthcare professionals can use to make their clinical workplaces more accommodating for autistics and their families. It will also present a synopsis of the literature about the challenges and experiences that autistic patients have had in dental and medical settings. Such information can provide the reader with a greater understanding about what it is like to be autistic and receive medical and/or dental treatment. This synopsis will also illustrate the current gaps in our knowledge about this topic.
Religious and Spiritual Practices in India: A Positive Psychological Perspective
by Kamlesh Singh Gaurav SaxenaThis book explores the positive psychological aspects of religion and spirituality in the Indian context. It discusses the concepts and practices of Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Jainism, and Sikhism and their impact on overall well-being. As the global enthusiasm for Indian spirituality grows, this book brings together scholars to share their perspectives and reflections on various religious aspects. The chapters offer readers a psychological "capsule" of mental health, well-being, compassion, kindness, character strength, mind-body relationship, and mindfulness, providing practical strategies for a better quality of life.Furthermore, this book offers insights into the different perspectives of happiness and well-being measured across diverse demographics. It also provides a qualitative conceptualization of happiness among older people, reflections on positive aging, and highlights the facilitators and inhibitors of happiness. With its comprehensive coverage and multidisciplinary approach, this book serves as a valuable reference for postgraduate and doctoral students of Psychology, as well as a treasure trove in the libraries for researchers and faculties associated with spiritual psychology, positive psychology, religious studies, comparative literature, mental health professionals, academicians, and anyone interested in allied health fields.
Applied Psychology Readings: Selected Papers from the Singapore Conference on Applied Psychology 2022
by Peter Macaulay Lee-Ming TanThis book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2022 edition of the Singapore Conference of Applied Psychology (SCAP), led by East Asia Research in Singapore in collaboration with the University of Derby in the UK and the Singapore University of Technology and Design. Chapters include research conducted by experts in the field of applied psychology from the Asia-Pacific region, and cover areas such as community and environmental psychology, psychotherapy and counseling, health, child and school psychology, and gender studies. The volume is of interest to educators, psychology researchers and practicing counselors.
Handbook of Happiness: Reflections and Praxis from Around the World
by Saamdu Chetri Tanusree Dutta Manas Kumar Mandal Priyadarshi PatnaikThis book contains contributions from diverse perspectives and traditions that focus on reflections and happiness practices. It addresses diversity in happiness and eastern and western thoughts and practices by contributing authors from around the world from varied backgrounds. The book provides ample avenue for readers and researchers to broaden their horizons and deepen their understanding of various aspects of happiness culturally and conceptually. It opens opportunities for exploring and understanding how happiness can be practiced, experienced, taught, and learned in various contexts, thus assisting both educators and interested readers to create opportunities for themselves or their students to engage in diverse and creative happiness explorations. This book is a crucial resource for teachers, educators, students, and researchers involved in the science and practice of happiness. It enables them to find new avenues to understand happiness from different perspectives, understanding inner and outer spaces and other dimensions of happiness. It serves as an essential reference for academicians in related fields of psychology, such as cross-cultural, social, and developmental, as well as in the upcoming field of happiness studies.
Asian Spiritualities and Social Transformation
by Simon Shui-Man KWAN Wai-Yin ChowThis book offers a cross-cultural and inter-religious understanding of the ways social transformation in Asia is related to Asian spiritualities. Bringing together scholars and practitioners from different cultures and fields of study, it collates cutting-edge research and applies it to the role of Asian spiritualities in social transformation. Spirituality has garnered increasing attention in recent years across diverse fields of research and practice, from psychology and healthcare, to anthropology, education, sociology, political sciences, social work, feminist studies, cultural studies, religious studies, theology, philosophy, and so on. However, the term means different things within these different disciplines. Spirituality can be understood to be private and personal, but also public and societal, not only as a force that brings about change but also one that helps maintain the status quo – not only as a core element in religion but also as something disconnected from it. This book poses that to gain a firm grasp of spirituality, one needs to traverse these different terrains. Disbarring the orientalist understanding of spirituality that is often found embedded in stereotypes of the East as mystical, esoteric, and spiritual, in contrast to the West as scientific and rational, this book deconstructs this binarism to enable a sophisticated understanding of the diversity within Eastern and Western spiritualities. It presents “Asian spirituality” as a misnomer, focusing on the plurality of spiritualties and the region’s multifaceted religiosity, and it also excavates interfaith terrains. It is of interest to social scientists, theologians and religious scholars, and students and researchers interested in Asian spiritualties and social movements
Office Gossip and Minority Employees in the South African Workplace
by Nasima M. H. CarrimThis book examines how employees from marginalized communities handle office gossip and provides recommendations to corporate leaders regarding on how to support their marginalized employees better. Office gossip is a phenomenon that is omnipresent in the workplace and experienced by minority employees at all levels within the organization in different ways. Gossip is felt more acutely by minority employees compared to their majority counterparts at certain occupational levels and this book provides an empirical basis for understanding this phenomenon in organizational settings based on the experiences of marginalized workers. The chapters use a variety of research methods to examine various aspects of the experience of office gossip among marginalized employees including: perceptions of diverse groups regarding workplace gossip, workplace gossip within teams, intersectional experiences of employees from racial minority and LGBTQ+ communities and foreign nationals, experiences of managers from racial minority backgrounds, and experiences in specific fields such as sport and healthcare. This book is of interest to students and researchers of diversity studies, organization research, human resource management, and industrial psychology as well as an important resource for corporate leadership and human resource and DEI departments in corporate organizations.
Spirituality, Mental Health and Quality of Life: Pathways in Indian Psychology
by Naveen PantThis book is about spiritual intelligence and its effects on mental health and quality of life. As mental health and related problems are increasing rapidly and have become a matter of great concern, there has not been a unanimous and empirical approach to assess and cure it, due to its divergence or other causes. This book is based on the most developed construct: spiritual intelligence and its effects on mental health and quality of life. Spirituality and its other constructs are one of the most interesting topics nowadays in the area of positive/indigenous/transpersonal psychology and among social/behavioral scientists. This book provides content on spirituality, spiritual intelligence, mental health, and quality of life. The book also attempts to review related literature (whether review or empirical), to have a look at past and current scenarios on spirituality and mental health and quality of life research. Through an exploration of Indian indigenous psychology, this book provides a look at mental health and the mind from an Indian psychological perspective and examines Indian psychology, taking into consideration modern psychological concepts.
Emerging Human Viral Diseases, Volume I: Respiratory and Haemorrhagic Fever
by Prudhvi Lal Bhukya Suhas T. Mhaske Subash C. SonkarThe first volume of the book-Emerging Human Viral diseases presents pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies against viral respiratory and hemorrhagic fever diseases. The initial chapter discusses the underlying factors contributing to the emergence of these viral diseases. The subsequent chapters introduce structure, composition, and organization of viral genomes, and provide insight into function of important viral proteins. It also discusses the host factors that influence the outcome of viral infection and host immune response to the infections caused by these viruses. The book also discusses clinical manifestation and strategies for the prevention of virus diseases and highlights the recent technical advances in the diagnosis of virus diseases, prevention, and control strategies for viral infections. This timely book offers valuable resource for the scientists working in the field of emerging viral infections and those involved in preventing, controlling, and managing viral diseases.
New Trends in Healthcare Interpreting Studies: An Updated Review of Research in the Field (New Frontiers in Translation Studies)
by Raquel Lázaro Gutiérrez Cristina Álvaro ArandaInterpreting studies have exponentially grown over the years propelled by the realities of multicultural societies which, among other factors, include constant waves of immigration and the subsequent allocation of newly arrived citizens in their host countries—a process entailing public service access and provision. Communicative interactions between users who do not speak the same language as public service providers have been largely studied in different settings belonging to the field Public Service Translation and Interpreting (PSIT), ranging from police, asylum, legal, educational or, focus of this book, healthcare contexts. This edited book offers a unique and updated insight into the research advances and the state of the art in healthcare interpreting. Contributions cover methodological innovations, together with hot topics, such as changing roles, gender, specialized contexts, training programs, and ethical codes, to name but a few.
Artificial Intelligence to Analyze Psychophysical and Human Lifestyle
by Gunjan Chhabra Sunil Kumar Sunil Gupta Pooja NagpalThis book is about the use of technology/artificial intelligence in the areas of human behavior and psychology, health and nutrition, and fitness and sports. Everybody has his/her own lifestyle but may not necessarily be aware of what constitutes a healthy lifestyle. Knowledge gained from the Internet may be scattered and inaccurate and, if adhered to, may lead to loss of life. The COVID-19 pandemic increased people's awareness of the need for a healthy lifestyle but how to adopt a healthy lifestyle is something to be clarified since every individual is different (body type, situation, etc.), and hence, their needs will be different as well. This book addresses such questions and explores how the use of technology in the areas mentioned above can enable each individual to easily achieve a healthy lifestyle.
Biomedical Nanozymes: From Diagnostics to Therapeutics
by Hui Wei Genxi Li Jinghong LiThis book aims to summarize the latest research progress of biomedical nanozymes in diagnostic and therapeutic related fields. In terms of diagnostics, it will cover in vitro diagnostics, live analysis, and some emerging bioanalysis. In terms of therapeutics, it will introduce antioxidant therapy, peroxidation therapy and emerging therapy respectively. Furthermore, the research results previously scattered in many journals and conferences worldwide are methodically edited and presented in a unified form. Based on the new ideas and developments presented in this book, it will be of interest to readers from different areas, such as chemistry, materials, nanoscience and nanotechnology, biomedical and clinical studies, etc.
Understanding Happiness: An Explorative View
by Saamdu Chetri Tanusree Dutta Manas Kumar Mandal Priyadarshi PatnaikThis book provides a comprehensive and enriching understanding of the construct of happiness from diverse perspectives. It provides readers with an overview of the issues, problems, and challenges related to well-being and happiness. The book is divided into three sections. It brings together researchers and practitioners from various disciplines, including psychology, sociology, and development studies. Each section includes chapters from leading academicians from across the world. The first section helps the reader understand happiness from a neuroscientific perspective and explores the relationship between happiness and subjective well-being. The second section of the book discusses the importance of building personal resources for happiness from a positive psychology point of view. The last section examines the importance of happiness in the workplace and suggests a sustainable development plan for happiness. It is a must-buy book for individuals nurturing critical thought and searching for a quintessential understanding of happiness. It presents a unique contribution to the literature with its multidisciplinary focus on specific topics.
Interfaith Engagement Beyond the Divide: Approaches, Experiences, and Practices
by Johannes M. Luetz Denise A. Austin Adis DuderijaThis book features reflections by scholars and practitioners from diverse religious traditions. It posits that the global challenges facing humanity today can only be mastered if humans from diverse faith traditions can meaningfully collaborate in support of human rights, reconciliation, sustainability, justice, and peace. Seeking to redress common distortions of religious mis- and dis-information, the book aims to construct interreligious common ground ‘beyond the divide’.Organised into three main sections, the book features sixteen conceptual, empirical, and practice-informed chapters that explore spirituality across faiths and cultures. Chapter 1 delineates the state of the art in relation to interfaith engagement, Chapters 2–8 advance theoretical research, Chapters 9–12 discuss empirical perspectives, and Chapters 13–16 showcase field projects and recount stories and lived experiences.Comprising works by scholars, professionals, and practitioners from around the globe, Interfaith Engagement Beyond the Divide: Approaches, Experiences, and Practices is an interdisciplinary publication on interreligious thought and engagement:Assembles a curated collection of chapters from numerous countries and diverse religious traditions;Addresses interfaith scholarship and praxis from a range of interdisciplinary perspectives;Comprises interfaith dialogue and collaborative research involving authors of different faiths;Envisions prospects for peace, interreligious harmony in diversity, and a world that may be equitably and enduringly shared.The appraisal of present and future challenges and opportunities, framed within a context of public policy and praxis, makes this interdisciplinary publication a useful tool for teaching, research, and policy development. Chapter 16 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Vulnerability, Social Capital and Disaster Preparedness: Experiences of the Orang Asli Families in Malaysia
by Sumaiya Sadeka Mohd Suhaimi Mohamad Md Sujahangir Sarkar Abul Quasem Al-AminThis book addresses increasing concerns regarding the relationship between social capital and disaster, highlighting conceptual definitions related to social capital and disaster, family, community, vulnerability, disaster experience, and preparedness. Focusing on a contemporary case of disaster management in Malaysia, the authors explore and establish linkages between the level of social capital and disaster preparedness among the indigenous Orang Asli people. Taking the case of the Orang Asli families as a point of departure, the book presents solutions for mobilizing social capital for disaster preparedness through multi-stakeholder involvement, promoting participation in awareness programs, ensuring indigenous people’s access to resources, and proposing a prioritization of local values and culture in enabling proper planning and coordination for more disaster-resilient communities in Malaysia, Southeast Asia, and beyond. The book is broadly relevant to cases in similar economic settings where indigenous people are lagging behind in disaster preparedness. An excellent resource for sociologists, this pioneering book collates various concepts and theories relating to social and ecological networks and systems, family resilience, and stress and coping mechanisms. It is relevant to researchers focused on disasters in developing countries, globally, particularly those focused on indigenous communities.
Applied Cognitive Science and Technology: Implications of Interactions Between Human Cognition and Technology
by Sumitava Mukherjee Varun Dutt Narayanan SrinivasanThis book fills the long-pending gap in consolidating research on applied cognitive science and technology. It explores the broader implications of interactions between human cognition and technology by touching upon artificial intelligence (AI) and artificial agents, decision support and assistance support systems, cybersecurity threats, computational modeling of cognition through artificial neural networks and machine learning, human factors, engineering design, and social media interfaces. With an interdisciplinary scope that addresses psychological and technological issues, this unique book shows how cognitive science is furthered by technology(or platforms) while simultaneously illustrating how the study of cognitive processes is helping shape technological products. Accordingly, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in a broad array of fields, such as psychology, science, engineering and management.
A Phenomenology of Career Change in the Malaysian Workforce: The Narratives of Rejectors, Navigators and Seekers
by Jennifer Yee Tham Yit Sean Chong Pervaiz K. AhmedEvolution in economy, technology and social institutions over time have given rise to boundaryless and Protean careers that promote mobility and self-direction in managing one’s career. This has led to the phenomenon of career change whereby individuals undertake a shift from one field of work to a completely different field of work. In career change research, career changers have been studied as a collective, singular group undergoing a similar change experience, which neglects individual differences that may contrast the experience of change from one changer to another. Furthermore, the emotional experience that accompanies a career change has been examined with a primary focus on the role of positive emotions, which overlooks the role of negative emotions in career change. Thus, this book sheds light on three key narratives of career change; Rejectors, Navigators and Seekers, that were identified in a phenomenological study of career change amongst Malaysian working adults. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 career changers across age, gender and ethnicity with a focus on how they made sense and meaning of their lived experience of career change within their environment and context. Each career change narrative was found to have different characteristics, motivations and behaviors respectively, which shaped their unique career change process. Negative emotions were also revealed as key drivers of the career change process, although each narrative expressed different types of negative emotions.Finally, the book also introduces an adaptive perspective to career development by way of the Adaptive Career Construal Model (ACCM) which was proposed based on the continuous bi-directional relationship between career decisions and career outcomes.
Digital Music Learning Resources: From Research to Educational Practice (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by Marcella Mandanici Simone Spagnol Luca Andrea Ludovico Adriano Baratè Federico AvanziniThis book offers an overview of the complex world of digital materials for music education and of their possible use in the everyday practice of music teachers. It presents a multidimensional taxonomy of digital materials for music education. Through the taxonomy it is possible to derive a clear framework of the whole field and to perform analysis of the state of art. The book shows the use of this flexible and powerful knowledge tool for reviewing the digital materials in the various domains and dimentions. The book provides researchers and designers with an overview of what has already been designed, proposed and tested in the field. It also offers music teachers a wider perspective of the possibilities connected to current technologies in the field of music education, and it suggests possible interrelationships between research and music education practices.
Queering Gender, Sexuality, and Becoming-Human in Qing Dynasty Zhiguai: Querying the Strange Tales (Palgrave Series in Asia and Pacific Studies)
by Thomas William Whyke Melissa Shani BrownThis book offers queer readings of Chinese Qing Dynasty zhiguai, ‘strange tales’, a genre featuring supernatural characters and events. In a unique approach interweaving Chinese philosophies alongside critical theories, this book explores tales which speak to contemporary debates around identity and power. Depictions of porous boundaries between humans and animals, transformations between genders, diverse sexualities, and contextually unusual masculinities and femininities, lend such tales to queer readings. Unlike previous scholarship on characters as allegorical figures or stories as morality tales, this book draws on queer theory, animal studies, feminism, and Deleuzian philosophy, to explore the ‘strange’ and its potential for social critique. Examining such tales enriches the scope of historic queer world literatures, offering culturally situated stories of relationships, desires, and ways of being, that both speak to and challenge contemporary debates.
Humanistic Spirit of Traditional Chinese Medicine
by Genhai LuoThis book aims to introduce in everyday language the profound culture and unique legacy of the ancient healing art with mesmerizing stories, allusions and anecdotes in the history of its evolution, handpicked from three perspectives, including contributions of master TCM practitioners, the nourishment of TCM by traditional Chinese culture, and the exchanges between TCM and its western counterparts. The vivid narrative of each section is complemented with elaboration of one related key TCM concept in a specific column. It is a brilliant reader for those interested in TCM and traditional Chinese culture.
Japanese Politicians’ Rhetorical and Indirect Speech: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Usage (The Language of Politics)
by Ken KinoshitaThis book presents a new approach to the analysis of political psychology, political culture, and communication. Using data from Japanese political interviews and parliamentary deliberations, it reveals how Japanese politicians address their audience. In addition to analyzing the use of verbal political rhetoric, the book shows that nonverbal communication is highly relevant as well. In a context where political leaders are becoming increasingly important, identifying the techniques used by Japanese politicians – especially facial expressions, hand gestures, and other forms of body language – to gain support from the audience, leads us to consider communication practices of political leaders around the world. Politicians adopt different communication styles based on their specific electoral system. The more single-seat constituency political candidates use rhetoric, the greater their chance of appealing to voters. In addition, the use of personal experiences and others' speech quotations function as effective political rhetoric, further attracting the audience’s attention. In short, this book presents a more comprehensive and holistic picture of political “rhetoric” than usually offered by other studies of political communication.
Kriminalpsychologie und das Strafrechtssystem in Indien und darüber hinaus
by Sanjeev P. Sahni Poulomi BhadraDieses Buch bietet einen gezielten und umfassenden Überblick über die Kriminalpsychologie in verschiedenen sozioökonomischen und psychosozialen Kontexten. Es informiert die Leser über die Rolle der Psychologie in den verschiedenen Aspekten des Strafrechtsprozesses, angefangen von der Untersuchung einer Straftat bis hin zur Rehabilitation oder Wiedereingliederung des Straftäters. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse aus Kriminologie und Psychologie werden erörtert, um die Psyche verschiedener Straftäter zu verstehen, wie man mit ihnen während der Ermittlungen und der Verurteilung effektiv interagieren kann und wie man positive Veränderungen in den verschiedenen Phasen des Strafrechtsprozesses - Ermittlungen, Strafverfolgung, Inhaftierung, Rehabilitation - herbeiführen kann, um die Effizienz des Strafvollzugs zu erhöhen und das Vertrauen der Öffentlichkeit in das Justizsystem zu stärken. Das Buch befasst sich eingehend mit den größeren Problemen einer ganzheitlichen Reduzierung des Anstiegs der Kriminalitätsrate und der Anfälligkeit der Gesellschaft. Jedes Kapitel stützt sich auf führende wissenschaftliche Arbeiten westlicher Wissenschaftler auf diesem Gebiet und ergänzt diese Theorien mit Forschungsergebnissen aus südasiatischer Sicht, insbesondere aus dem indischen Strafrechtssystem. Dieses Buch fasst erfolgreich die Grundlagen der kriminalpsychologischen Literatur zusammen, während es gleichzeitig interdisziplinäre Studien über kriminelles Verhalten und Rechtspsychologie einbezieht und die Lücken des Justizsystems sowie Möglichkeiten für alternative Strafvollzugs- und Rehabilitationsprogramme in den provinziellen Diskurs einbringt.
Discrete Choice Experiments Using R: A How-To Guide for Social and Managerial Sciences
by Liang Shang Yanto ChandraThis book delivers a user guide reference for researchers seeking to build their capabilities in conducting discrete choice experiment (DCE). The book is born out of the observation of the growing popularity – but lack of understanding – of the techniques to investigate preferences. It acknowledges that these broader decision-making processes are often difficult, or sometimes, impossible to study using conventional methods. While DCE is more mature in certain fields, it is relatively new in disciplines within social and managerial sciences. This text addresses these gaps as the first ‘how-to’ handbook that discusses the design and application of DCE methodology using R for social and managerial science research. Whereas existing books on DCE are either research monographs or largely focused on technical aspects, this book offers a step-by-step application of DCE in R, underpinned by a theoretical discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of the DCE approach, with supporting examples of best practices. Relevant to a broad spectrum of emerging and established researchers who are interested in experimental research techniques, particularly those that pertain to the measurements of preferences and decision-making, it is also useful to policymakers, government officials, and NGOs working in social scientific spaces.
Cytokine and Chemokine Networks in Cancer
by Manzoor Ahmad MirCytokine and Chemokine Networks in Cancer" provides a comprehensive exploration of the roles of cytokines and chemokines in cancer biology. It offers valuable insights into their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications, making it a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students interested in the field of cancer immunology and therapy. This book illustrates the importance and significance of the cytokine and chemokine signaling networks in tumor development and progression. It describes the complex networks mediated by cytokine and chemokine receptors promoting tumor cell proliferation, site-directed metastasis, and activation of angiogenic switch in tumor cells. The books also shed light on the heterogeneity of cytokines and chemokine in solid malignancies and their impact on tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. The chapters provide current information about the types of cytokine-chemokine interactions in promoting cancer stem cell-like characteristics, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. The significance of the complex interactions in cancer biology in the light of therapeutic resistance is also highlighted. The chapters also describe recent advancements in the therapeutic potential of targeting the pro-tumor cytokine and chemokine networks and limiting tumor cell metastasis. Finally, the book also provides a comprehensive yet representative description of a large number of challenges associated with targeting these vital chemokine-cytokine networks. Given its content, the book provides valuable information for researchers in the field of cancer biology and molecular medicine.
Rasch Meta-Metres of Growth for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests
by David Andrich Ida Marais Sonia SapplThis book adapts Rasch’s approach for quantifying growth on physiological variables, where growth decelerates, to intellectual variables. To apply this approach, it is necessary to construct measurements in a constant unit over the relevant range of the variable. With such measurements, the book illustrates the approach to quantifying growth on six intellectual variables - two intelligences tests and two each of tests of proficiencies in reading comprehension and mathematics. The book discusses how it is not immediately obvious that deceleration on a quantitative scale should also hold for the growth in intellectual variables. It goes on to show that this is indeed the case with all six tests analysed and considers some implications of this feature for understanding intellectual development, in particular the centrality of the growth trajectory set in early life.