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Grammar Systems: A Grammatical Approach to Distribution and Cooperation
by Erzsebet Csuhaj-Varju Jurgen Dassow Jozef Kelemen Gheorghe PaunFirst Published in 1994. The central problem of the “classic” formal language theory concerns the generation (the recognition) of languages by grammars (automata, respectively). However, in present day computer science, in artificial intelligence, in cognitive psychology and in other related fields we have to deal more and more with complex tasks distributed among a set of “ processors” , which are working together in a well defined way. Parallel computers, computer nets, distributed data bases and knowledge sources are practical materializations of this idea. Similarly, the psychologists speak about the modularity of mind, in problem solving theories there appear many models based on cognitive agents’ cooperation. As the formal language theory is involved in most of these circumstances (for example, as a theoretical framework, well developed from a mathematical point of view, for modelling aspects whose essence can be captured at the level of symbol systems, of the syntax of collections of strings of abstract symbols), a clear challenge appears for it: to consider systems o f grammars/automata, working together for generating/recognizing a language. In this context, notions such as distribution, cooperation, communication, concurrency, synchronization, parallelism etc. should be formalized and enlightened. The present monograph is an attempt to answer this challenge.
Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests
by Jeffrey RubinDescribes everything needed for businesses to set up and begin conducting usability tests.
Introduction to Ultra-Wideband Radar Systems
by James D. TaylorThis introductory reference covers the technology and concepts of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar systems. It provides up-to-date information for those who design, evaluate, analyze, or use UWB technology for any application. Since UWB technology is a developing field, the authors have stressed theory and hardware and have presented basic principles and concepts to help guide the design of UWB systems. Introduction to Ultra-Wideband Radar Systems is a comprehensive guide to the general features of UWB technology as well as a source for more detailed information.
Knights of the Tele-Round Table: Insights for every executive--especially those who must manage from afar
by Jaclyn KostnerA guide for managing virtual groups that uses stories and symbols from Arthurian legends.
Library Information Technology and Networks
by Charles GroschOffers an historical perspective of the past 25 years of computers in libraries, profileing currently available processing systems according to their size and platform. The short- and long-term future of information technology in libraries.;College or university bookstores may order five or more copies at a special student price which is available from Marcel Dekker upon request.
Life After Television
by George GilderPredicts that personal computers linked into a global network will soon replace television, and thereby overthrow the tyranny of mass media, renew individual power, and promote democracy worldwide. Urges American business to get on the ball with fiber optics. Reprinted from the 1990 edition published by Whittle Books. No index or bibliography.
Linkography
by Gabriela GoldschmidtThis book presents linkography, a method for the notation and analysis of the design process. Developed by Gabriela Goldschmidt in an attempt to clarify designing, linkography documents how designers think, generate ideas, put them to the test, and combine them into something meaningful. With linkography, Goldschmidt shows that there is a logic to the creative process -- that it is not, as is often supposed, pure magic. Linkography draws on design practice, protocol analysis, and insights from cognitive psychology. Goldschmidt argues that the generation of ideas (and their inspection and adjustment) evolves over a large number of small steps, which she terms design moves. These combine in a network of moves, and the patterns of links in the networks manifest a "good fit," or congruence, among the ideas. Goldschmidt explains what parts of the design process can be observed and measured in a linkograph, describing its features and notation conventions. The most significant elements in a linkograph are critical moves, which are particularly rich in links. Goldschmidt presents studies that show the importance of critical moves in design thinking; describes cases that demonstrate linkography's effectiveness in studying the creative process in design (focusing on the good fit); and offers thirteen linkographic studies conducted by other researchers that show the potential of linkography in design thinking research and beyond. Linkography is the first book-length treatment of an approach to design thinking that has already proved influential in the field.
Lisp in Small Pieces
by Christian QueinnecThis is a comprehensive account of the semantics and the implementation of the whole Lisp family of languages, namely Lisp, Scheme and related dialects. It describes 11 interpreters and 2 compilers, including very recent techniques of interpretation and compilation. The book is in two parts. The first starts from a simple evaluation function and enriches it with multiple name spaces, continuations and side-effects with commented variants, while at the same time the language used to define these features is reduced to a simple lambda-calculus. Denotational semantics is then naturally introduced. The second part focuses more on implementation techniques and discusses precompilation for fast interpretation: threaded code or bytecode; compilation towards C. Some extensions are also described such as dynamic evaluation, reflection, macros and objects. This will become the new standard reference for people wanting to know more about the Lisp family of languages: how they work, how they are implemented, what their variants are and why such variants exist. The full code is supplied (and also available over the Net). A large bibliography is given as well as a considerable number of exercises. Thus it may also be used by students to accompany second courses on Lisp or Scheme.
Microcomputer Software Applications
by Joseph N. Roge Pamela T. Milstead Timothy Selwyn EllisInformation on using the DOS operating system, the WordPerfect editor, and the Quattro spreadsheet program.
Modeling and Simulation: Stochastic And Control Systems, Pattern Recognition, Fuzzy Analysis, Simulation, Behavioral Models (Interdisciplinary Systems Research Ser.)
by Hartmut BosselModels and simulations of all kinds are tools for dealing with reality. Humans have always used mental models to better understand the world around them: to make plans, to consider different possibilities, to share ideas with others, to test changes, and to determine whether or not the development of an idea is feasible. The book Modeling and Simulation uses exactly the same approach except that the traditional mental model is translated into a computer model, and the simulations of alternative outcomes under varying conditions are programmed on the computer. The advantage of this method is that the computer can track the multitude of implications and consequences in complex relationships much more quickly and reliably than the human mind. This unique interdisciplinary text not only provides a self contained and complete guide to the methods and mathematical background of modeling and simulation software (SIMPAS) and a collection of 50 systems models on an accompanying diskette. Students from fields as diverse as ecology and economics will find this clear interactive package an instructive and engaging guide.
The Muse in the Machine
by David GelernterThe author, one of the leaders in artificial intelligence research, begins with the question: can we introduce emotion into the computer? In providing an answer, he not only points to a future revolution in computers but changes views about the human mind. He shows that emotions are more important than logic in determining the form and content of much of daily human thoughts. Analyzing recent psychological research and ancient literary texts, he makes a case for the similarity in the thinking of children and that of ancient peoples, in that they rely heavily on metaphor. He believes this way of thought is richer and more valuable than has been assumed and can lead to the creation of revolutionary new artificial intelligence systems. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc. , Portland, Or.
Neural Network Modeling: Statistical Mechanics and Cybernetic Perspectives
by P. S. Neelakanta Dolores DeGroffNeural Network Modeling offers a cohesive approach to the statistical mechanics and principles of cybernetics as a basis for neural network modeling. It brings together neurobiologists and the engineers who design intelligent automata to understand the physics of collective behavior pertinent to neural elements and the self-control aspects of neurocybernetics. The theoretical perspectives and explanatory projections portray the most current information in the field, some of which counters certain conventional concepts in the visualization of neuronal interactions.
Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems and the Economic World
by Kevin KellyGood analysis of emerging understanding of biological and non-biological systems composed of thousands or millions of agents.
Photos for Mac: A Take Control Crash Course
by Jason SnellMake a smooth transition to Photos for Mac!Make a smooth transition to Photos for Mac with help from Jason Snell, former lead editor at Macworld. As of 10.10.3 Yosemite, Photos has become Apple's core photo app on the Mac, replacing both iPhoto and Aperture.Jason helps you decide whether to transition to Photos right away, walks you through importing photo libraries from iPhoto and Aperture, helps you understand the Photos interface and organize your images, gets you going with the editing tools (including Adjustments), helps you sync with iOS devices or an Apple TV, and looks at creating books, cards, calendars, and slideshows.Particularly helpful is Jason's explanation of how Photos works with iCloud, including using iCloud Photo Library to create a centralized photo library for all your devices and sharing photos with friends and family via iCloud Photo Sharing.Jason answers a bunch of burning questions, including:If I import a library into Photos, can I still edit photos in Aperture or iPhoto?Will Photos require a huge amount of disk space to import my iPhoto library?What should I do about iPhoto or Aperture metadata that doesn't map to Photos?Where's the sidebar?What is the System Photo Library, and why is it important?What should I expect if I turn on iCloud Photo Library?Can I delete iPhoto? What about my old iPhoto library?How do I interpret (or turn off) the icons that overlay my photos?You'll find directions for editing photos, including help with:Using basic editing controls, like rotation and crop.Taking advantage of the blue checkmarks on the Adjustments pane.The utility of each of the special adjustment controls.Creating a default set of adjustments.Applying a specific set of adjustments to more than one photo.Removing a blemish from a face in a photo.Editing a raw file (instead of the JPEG).You'll also find advice about:Why the search field is so important in Photos.Working with keywords, and using the heart-icon Favorite button.Training Photos to recognize a particular face.Setting up albums and smart albums.Sharing an album online via iCloud Photo Sharing.Configuring the Ken Burns effect in a slideshow.Exporting a slideshow as a video file.Using Apple's print service for printing photos.Editing a photo while working in a book, card, or calendar.
Picturing Casablanca: Portraits of Power in a Modern City
by Susan OssmanIn Picturing Casablanca, Susan Ossman probes the shape and texture of mass images in Casablanca, from posters, films, and videotapes to elections, staged political spectacles, and changing rituals. In a fluid style that blends ethnographic narrative, cultural reportage, and the author's firsthand experiences, Ossman sketches a radically new vision of Casablanca as a place where social practices, traditions, and structures of power are in flux.Ossman guides the reader through the labyrinthine byways of the city, where state bureaucracy and state power, the media and its portrayal of the outside world, and people's everyday lives are all on view. She demonstrates how images not only reflect but inform and alter daily experience. In the Arab League Park, teenagers use fashion and flirting to attract potential mates, defying traditional rules of conduct. Wedding ceremonies are transformed by the ubiquitous video camera, which becomes the event's most important spectator. Political leaders are molded by the state's adept manipulation of visual media.From Madonna videos and the TV's transformation of social time, to changing gender roles and new ways of producing and disseminating information, the Morocco that Ossman reveals is a telling commentary on the consequences of colonial planning, the influence of modern media, and the rituals of power and representation enacted by the state.
Showstopper!: The Breakneck Race to Create Windows NT and the Next Generation at Microsoft
by G. Pascal ZacharyThis &“inside account captures the energy—and the madness—of the software giant&’s race to develop a critical new program. . . . Gripping&” (Fortune Magazine).Showstopper is the dramatic, inside story of the creation of Windows NT, told by Wall Street Journal reporter G. Pascal Zachary. Driven by the legendary David Cutler, a picked band of software engineers sacrifices almost everything in their lives to build a new, stable, operating system aimed at giving Microsoft a platform for growth through the next decade of development in the computing business. Comparable in many ways to the Pulitzer Prize–winning book The Soul of a New Machine by Tracy Kidder, Showstopper gets deep inside the process of software development, the lives and motivations of coders and the pressure to succeed coupled with the drive for originality and perfection that can pull a diverse team together to create a program consisting of many hundreds of thousands of lines of code.
Simulation of Local Area Networks
by Matthew N. SadikuA fast-growing area in the communications industry is the internetworking of an ever-increasing proliferation of computers, particularly via local area networks (LANs). The LAN is a resource-sharing data communications network being used by many offices to interchange information such as electronic mail, word processing, and files among computers and other devices. This unique book shows the user how to establish the performance characteristics of a LAN before putting it to use in a particular type of situation. Simulation of Local Area Networks consists of eight chapters, each with its own extensive list of references. The first chapter provides a brief review of local area networks, and the second chapter gives the analytical models of popular LANs-token-passing bus and ring networks, CSMA/CD LANs, and star networks. Chapter 3 covers general principles of simulation, and Chapter 4 discusses fundamental concepts in probability and statistics relating to simulation modeling. Materials in Chapters 3 and 4 are specifically applied in developing simulation models on token-passing LANs, CSMA/CD LANs, and star LANs in Chapters 5 through 7. The computer code in Chapters 5, 6, and 7 is divided into segments, and a detailed explanation of each segment is provided. The last chapter reviews special-purpose languages such as GPSS, SIMSCRIPT, GASP, SIMULA, SLAM, and RESQ. Helpful criteria for language selection are included. The entire code is put together in the appendixes. This book has two major advantages over existing texts. First, it uses C, a well-developed general-purpose language that is familiar to most analysts. Second, the text specifically applies the simulation principles to local area networks. No other book available shows the systems analyst how to evaluate the performance of existing or proposed systems under different kinds of conditions.
The Think Aloud Method: A practical guide to modelling cognitive processes
by "Maarten W. van Someren Yvonne F. Barnard Jacobijn A. C. Sandberg "This book presents a detailed description of the Think Aloud Method, which was developed to facilitate knowledge acquisition and problem-solving by asking the participant to think aloud while solving a problem. The Think Aloud Method is based on the premise that people are often able to verbalize their thoughts as they solve a problem, and their resulting behavior can be analyzed to answer questions about problem solving behavior. This method is useful for psychological research on problem solving behavior, as well as for knowledge acquisition in the context of building expert computer programs. In many cases the Think Aloud Method is an invaluable source of information for psychologists and knowledge engineers.
Using Communications Media in Open and Flexible Learning (Open and Flexible Learning Series)
by Mason, RobinAn introduction to three types of interactive media - computer conferencing, audiographics and video conferencing - which explains how each type can be used in the open learning environment. It describes attributes and limitations, analyzing appropriate applications through case studies.
A Small Matter of Programming: Perspectives on End User Computing
by Bonnie A. NardiA Small Matter of Programming asks why it has been so difficult for end users to command programming power and explores the problems of end user-driven application development that must be solved to afford end users greater computational power. Drawing on empirical research on existing end user systems, A Small Matter of Programming analyzes cognitive, social, and technical issues of end user programming. In particular, it examines the importance of task-specific programming languages, visual application frameworks, and collaborative work practices for end user computing, with the goal of helping designers and programmers understand and better satisfy the needs of end users who want the capability to create, customize, and extend their applications software. The ideas in the book are based on the author's research on two successful end user programming systems - spreadsheets and CAD systems - as well as other empirical research. Nardi concentrates on broad issues in end user programming, especially end users' strengths and problems, introducing tools and techniques as they are related to higher-level user issues. Bonnie A. Nardi is a Member of the Technical Staff at Hewlett Packard Laboratories.
Access to Information: Materials, Technologies, and Services for Print Impaired readers
by Tom Mcnulty Dawn SuvinoThis is a book about alternative media for people with print disabilities
Algorithms and Data Structures in C++ (Computer Science And Engineering Ser. #5)
by Alan ParkerAlgorithms and Data Structures in C++ introduces modern issues in the theory of algorithms, emphasizing complexity, graphs, parallel processing, and visualization. To accomplish this, the book uses an appropriate subset of frequently utilized and representative algorithms and applications in order to demonstrate the unique and modern aspects of the C++ programming language. What makes this book so valuable is that many complete C++ programs have been compiled and executed on multiple platforms. Each program presented is a stand-alone functional program. A number of applications that exercise significant features of C++, including templates and polymorphisms, is included. The book is a perfect text for computer science and engineering students in traditional algorithms or data structures courses. It will also benefit professionals in all fields of computer science and engineering.
Artificial Intelligence: A Philosophical Introduction
by Jack CopelandPresupposing no familiarity with the technical concepts of either philosophy or computing, this clear introduction reviews the progress made in AI since the inception of the field in 1956. Copeland goes on to analyze what those working in AI must achieve before they can claim to have built a thinking machine and appraises their prospects of succeeding. There are clear introductions to connectionism and to the language of thought hypothesis which weave together material from philosophy, artificial intelligence and neuroscience. John Searle's attacks on AI and cognitive science are countered and close attention is given to foundational issues, including the nature of computation, Turing Machines, the Church-Turing Thesis and the difference between classical symbol processing and parallel distributed processing. The book also explores the possibility of machines having free will and consciousness and concludes with a discussion of in what sense the human brain may be a computer.
Big Blues: The Unmaking of IBM
by Paul CarrollA look at what brought IBM Corporation to its knees by Wall Street reporter Paul Carroll. The author attributes the company's downfall to a combination of corporate hubris and an inability to understand the changes occurring in the computer market.
Classroom Dynamics: Implementing a Technology-Based Learning Environment
by Ellen B. Mandinach Hugh F. ClineThis book reports an attempt to introduce change in schools using a computer-based curriculum innovation for teaching higher-order thinking skills to middle and high school students. One of the volume's themes is the extraordinary complexity and difficulty of facilitating such change in schools. A corollary of that theme is the fact that patience must be an integral part of the strategy when promoting or studying change in schools. In reporting the activities during the early years of a technological innovation and research project in which the emphasis thus far has been primarily on establishing the change, this book focuses on describing the move to a technology-based learning environment. As such, it details an ongoing process -- a fascinating process -- and one that is likely to be repeated in the near future in countless schools throughout the nation.