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The Bronze Age in Europe: An Introduction to the Prehistory of Europe c.2000-700 B.C. (Routledge Library Editions: Archaeology)
by J. M. COLES & A. F. HARDINGThis book provides an account of the development of European culture and society during the Bronze Age, the time span between c. 2000 and 700 BC. It was a period of remarkable innovation, seen for instance in the development and growth of metallurgy as a major industry, the spread of trading contacts, the origins of urbanism and the beginnings of social stratification. The study is divided chronologically into two, the earlier and later Bronze Age, giving a clear picture of the nature of the radical changes which occurred in the period as a whole. The geographical area covered, from the Atlantic shores across Europe into the Soviet Union and from northern Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, is too vast to be taken as one unit, and has been broken down into five regions; each is discussed in terms of settlement form, burial practices, ritual and religious sites, material culture, economic and social background, and trading patterns. The book describes and develops common themes that link together the different areas and cultural groups, rather than taking the typographical approach often adopted by Bronze Age specialists, and uses the results of radiocarbon dating to establish an objective chronology for the period. The text is generously illustrated and fully documented with radiocarbon dating tables and extensive bibliography. Our understanding of Bronze Age Europe is still increasing, but no other book of this scope had been written before this, in 1979. It is a major study of its time of interest to anyone looking beyond popular accounts of the day.
Bronze Age Maritime and Warrior Dynamics in Island East Asia (Elements in Ancient East Asia)
by Mark HudsonRecent interdisciplinary studies, combining scientific techniques such as ancient DNA analysis with humanistic re-evaluations of the transcultural value of bronze, have presented archaeologists with a fresh view of the Bronze Age in Europe. The new research emphasises long-distance connectivities and political decentralisation. 'Bronzisation' is discussed as a type of proto-globalisation. In this Element, Mark Hudson examines whether these approaches can also be applied to East Asia. Focusing primarily on Island East Asia, he analyses trade, maritime interactions and warrior culture in a comparative Eurasian framework. He argues that the international division of labour associated with Bronze Age trade provided an important stimulus to the rise of decentralised complexity in regions peripheral to alluvial states. Building on James Scott's work, the concept of the 'barbarian niche' is proposed as a way to model the longue durée of premodern Eurasian history.
Bronze Age Military Equipment
by Dan Howard&“A very valuable piece of work, providing a splendid overview&” of the weapons, armor, shields and chariots used in warfare from 3000 BC to 1200 BC (HistoryOfWar.org). This book is a fascinating discussion of the development of the military equipment of the earliest organized armies. Dan Howard describes the development of weapons, armor and chariots, how they were made and their tactical use in battle. Spanning from the introduction of massed infantry by the Sumerians (c. 26th century BC) through to the collapse of the chariot civilizations (c. 12th century BC), this is the period of the epic struggles described in the Old Testament and Homer&’s Iliad, the clashes of mighty empires like those of the Babylonians, Egyptians and Hittites. In Bronze Age Military Equipment, Howard provides &“an able and readable review that is supported in the text by drawings and sketches, but there is also an excellent full color photographic section that shows replica weapons and armor created in bronze&” (Firetrench).
The Bronze Age Towers at Bat, Sultanate of Oman: Research by the Bat Archaeological Project, 2007-12
by Christopher P. Thornton Charlotte M. Cable Gregory L. PossehlIn the third millennium B.C.E., the Oman Peninsula was the site of an important kingdom known in Akkadian texts as "Magan," which traded extensively with the Indus Civilization, southern Iran, the Persian Gulf states, and southern Mesopotamia. Excavations have been carried out in this region since the 1970s, although the majority of studies have focused on mortuary monuments at the expense of settlement archaeology. While domestic structures of the Bronze Age have been found and are the focus of current research at Bat, most settlements dating from the third millennium B.C.E. in Oman and the U.A.E. are defined by the presence of large, circular monuments made of mudbrick or stone that are traditionally called "towers." Whether these so-called towers are defensive, agricultural, political, or ritual structures has long been debated, but very few comprehensive studies of these monuments have been attempted.Between 2007 and 2012, the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology conducted excavations at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Bat in the Sultanate of Oman under the direction of the late Gregory L. Possehl. The focus of these years was on the monumental stone towers of the third millennium B.C.E., looking at the when, how, and why of their construction through large-scale excavation, GIS-aided survey, and the application of radiocarbon dates. This has been the most comprehensive study of nonmortuary Bronze Age monuments ever conducted on the Oman Peninsula, and the results provide new insight into the formation and function of these impressive structures that surely formed the social and political nexus of Magan's kingdom.
Bronze Age Worlds: A Social Prehistory of Britain and Ireland
by Robert JohnstonBronze Age Worlds brings a new way of thinking about kinship to the task of explaining the formation of social life in Bronze Age Britain and Ireland. Britain and Ireland’s diverse landscapes and societies experienced varied and profound transformations during the twenty-fifth to eighth centuries BC. People’s lives were shaped by migrations, changing beliefs about death, making and thinking with metals, and living in houses and field systems. This book offers accounts of how these processes emerged from social life, from events, places and landscapes, informed by a novel theory of kinship. Kinship was a rich and inventive sphere of culture that incorporated biological relations but was not determined by them. Kinship formed personhood and collective belonging, and associated people with nonhuman beings, things and places. The differences in kinship and kinwork across Ireland and Britain brought textures to social life and the formation of Bronze Age worlds. Bronze Age Worlds offers new perspectives to archaeologists and anthropologists interested in the place of kinship in Bronze Age societies and cultural development.
Bronze by Gold: The Music of Joyce (Border Crossings #3)
by Sebastian D. G. KnowlesThe contributors to this volume investigate several themes about music's relationship to the literary compositions of James Joyce: music as a condition to which Joyce aspired; music theory as a useful way of reading his works; and musical compositions inspired by or connected with him.
The Bronze Horseman of Justinian in Constantinople: The Cross-Cultural Biography of a Mediterranean Monument
by Elena N. BoeckJustinian's triumphal column was the tallest free-standing column of the pre-modern world and was crowned with arguably the largest metal equestrian sculpture created anywhere in the world before 1699. The Byzantine empire's bronze horseman towered over the heart of Constantinople, assumed new identities, spawned conflicting narratives, and acquired widespread international acclaim. Because all traces of Justinian's column were erased from the urban fabric of Istanbul in the sixteenth century, scholars have undervalued its astonishing agency and remarkable longevity. Its impact in visual and verbal culture was arguably among the most extensive of any Mediterranean monument. This book analyzes Byzantine, Islamic, Slavic, Crusader, and Renaissance historical accounts, medieval pilgrimages, geographic, apocalyptic and apocryphal narratives, vernacular poetry, Byzantine, Bulgarian, Italian, French, Latin, and Ottoman illustrated manuscripts, Florentine wedding chests, Venetian paintings, and Russian icons to provide an engrossing and pioneering biography of a contested medieval monument during the millennium of its life.
Bronze Me
by Liz HuyckHave you ever wondered how bronze statues are made? Bronze is a type of metal, which can be made into different forms when heated at high temperatures. Bronze can be poured into a mold to create a statue. It takes years to master the art of making bronze statues; it includes a five-step process. Learn more about making bronze statues!
The Bronze Object in the Middle Ages
by Ittai WeinrybThis book presents the first full length study in English of monumental bronzes in the Middle Ages. Taking as its point of departure the common medieval reception of bronze sculpture as living or animated, the study closely analyzes the practice of lost wax casting (cire perdue) in western Europe and explores the cultural responses to large scale bronzes in the Middle Ages. Starting with mining, smelting, and the production of alloys, and ending with automata, water clocks and fountains, the book uncovers networks of meaning around which bronze sculptures were produced and consumed. The book is a path-breaking contribution to the study of metalwork in the Middle Ages and to the re-evaluation of medieval art more broadly, presenting an understudied body of work to reconsider what the materials and techniques embodied in public monuments meant to the medieval spectator.
Bronze-Working Centres Of Western Asia
by John CurtisFirst published in 1988, the present volume contains the texts of papers read at a three-day Colloquium on bronzeworking centres in Western Asia from 1000 BC until the beginning of the Achaemenian period in 539 BC, which was held in the British Museum in July 1986. Each paper has been revised in the light of the discussion which followed it. The Colloquium was organized by Dr J E Curtis on behalf of the Department of Western Asiatic Antiquities and forms the first in a series which it is hoped will be held annually.
Bronzeville Boys And Girls
by Gwendolyn Brooks Faith RinggoldA collection of illustrated poems that reflects the experiences and feelings of African American children living in big cities.
Bronzino's Chapel of Eleonora in the Palazzo Vecchio (California Studies in the History of Art #29)
by Janet Cox-RearickDo the sacred decorations of a Florentine Renaissance chapel—saints, symbols, and scriptural stories—hold personal and political meanings? Cox-Rearick's ground-breaking book explores the message hidden in the frescoes and altar panels of the Chapel of Eleonora di Toledo, painted in the early 1540s by Agnolo Bronzino for the Spanish-born wife of Duke Cosimo I de Medici. Bronzino, then the chief painter to the Medici court, was largely responsible for the invention in Florence of the highly self-conscious, elegant Maniera style. Cox-Rearick interweaves her account of the Medici biography with an examination of Bronzino's commission in the broader context of his oeuvre.Cox-Rearick reveals the Chapel of Eleonora as an intimately devised decorative program that transmits messages about its patrons and Medici rule. Detailed color photographs of the newly restored art splendidly document this early tour de force of a major artist whose works are still relatively unexamined.
Brooding over Bloody Revenge: Enslaved Women's Lethal Resistance
by Nikki M. TaylorFrom the colonial through the antebellum era, enslaved women in the US used lethal force as the ultimate form of resistance. By amplifying their voices and experiences, Brooding over Bloody Revenge strongly challenges assumptions that enslaved women only participated in covert, non-violent forms of resistance, when in fact they consistently seized justice for themselves and organized toward revolt. Nikki M. Taylor expertly reveals how women killed for deeply personal instances of injustice committed by their owners. The stories presented, which span centuries and legal contexts, demonstrate that these acts of lethal force were carefully pre-meditated. Enslaved women planned how and when their enslavers would die, what weapons and accomplices were necessary, and how to evade capture in the aftermath. Original and compelling, Brooding Over Bloody Revenge presents a window into the lives and philosophies of enslaved women who had their own ideas about justice and how to achieve it.
Broodmare Reproduction for the Equine Practitioner (Equine Made Easy Series)
by William LeyA concise and liberally illustrated working guide on Broodmare health and breeding management for veterinarians, veterinary students and breeders. The presentation includes all of the clinical procedures and assessments necessary for maintaining the health and breeding soundness of the Broodmare. This handy reference covers the use of ultrasonograp
Broodstock Management and Fish Seed Production
by K. Karal Marx J. K. Sundaray A. Rathipriya M. Muthu AbishagThe book entitled “Broodstock Management and Fish Seed Production” provides information relating to commercially cultivable fresh water fishes, broodstock management, fish seed production technology, fish seed quality management including induced breeding with neat illustration. Increasing the aquaculture production can be achieved through the supply of quality fish seed. This book will be immensely helpful to farmers, hatchery managers, entrepreneurs and fisheries graduates pursuing research in the area of freshwater broodstock management and sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture in the country. Note: T& F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
The Brook Book: Exploring the Smallest Streams
by Jim ArnoskyA BABBLING BROOK may look peaceful on the surface, but look closer--it's full of life! So grab your net, it's time to go exploring. Over there in a slow pool, a crayfish is bulldozing among the pebbles for food. And here, a salamander-sits on a stone made smooth by the cool water rushing past. Do you spy the raccoon tracks left in the soft soil? Or the chickadee perched in the brookside brush? A whole world awaits, maybe even in your own backyard. From acclaimed naturalist and author Jim Arnosky comes this informative guide to brooks and streams that is perfect for the classroom or the young scientist. Through his lively illustrations and engaging text, kids are encouraged to safely touch and discover--instilling a lifelong appreciation for the natural world.
Brook Trout: A Thorough Look at North America's Great Native Trout- Its History, Biology, and Angling Possibilities (Lyons Press Ser.)
by Nick KarasNorth America has had a 400-year love affair with the brook trout - Salvelinus fontinalis- its great native trout. In this newly revised and updated volume, Nick Karas offers the only major profile of this most beautiful gamefish. Brook Trout is a thorough look at the history, biology, and angling possibilities of the fish most anglers affectionately call the brookie. Through the eyes of a trained ichthyologist, Karas explores the brook trout's biology and the events that led to its evolution and distribution. He unravels the controversies surrounding the two largest brook trout ever taken. But the core of this book is the fishery: its past status, current condition, and future. And because the history of brook trout fishing is inseparable from the history of American fishing, Karas follows the development of the rods, reels, lines, lures and flies that evolved as anglers pursued their fascination with this great game fish.
Brooke at the Bar: Inside Our Legal System (Timberline Books)
by Brooke WunnickeBrooke at the Bar is a candid, lively, and sometimes humorous autobiography by Brooke Wunnicke, the first woman to be a trial and appellate attorney in Wyoming and who went on to become a legal legend in Colorado. In conversational writing, Brooke provides insights from a lawyer, mentor, and educator. She advocates that, while not perfect, the United States has the world’s best legal system and that all citizens need to understand and protect their rights, freedoms, and responsibilities. Brooke shares vignettes of her early life—California in the Great Depression, college at Stanford, law school in Colorado during World War II, and the 1946 opening of her Cheyenne law office, a precedent for women in law. She vividly describes memorable and amusing experiences with clients, witnesses, lawyers, juries, and judges and explains some significant cases. She recounts important and dynamic events from her twelve years as Denver’s chief appellate deputy district attorney, an era during which she was an inestimable mentor to many young lawyers who became prominent in the private and public sectors. Brooke passionately believed “the law has been and will continue to be civilization’s hope.” In her book’s final part, she demystifies many legal terms and procedures and describes the parts of a civil jury trial—including information for jurors and witnesses—and provides an enthusiastic and clear refresher on the US Constitution and Bill of Rights. Brooke at the Bar is a unique and historically important contribution that will be of interest to general readers, scholars, and students interested in US law, political science, government, women’s history, twentieth-century western history, civil rights, and legal communities, including those in Wyoming and Colorado, where Brooke was “at the Bar.”
Brooke's magische avontuur
by Renee Sweep Katrina Bowlin-MackenzieEen klein meisje gaat op een magisch avontuur in haar droom.
Brookfield and Elm Grove
by Tom RamstackThe old town of Brookfield provides an ethnic microcosm of what makes Wisconsin's settlement story so unique. As Native Americans, primarily the Potawatomi tribe, were forced out of the region, in came large numbers of Protestant farmers from New York State. A step and a half behind the New Yorkers came distinct colonies of families from western Europe--Catholics from near Nuremberg, Bavaria; Evangelical Lutherans from Canton Bern, Switzerland; Methodists from Lincolnshire, England; Zion Evangelicals from Sulzback, Württemberg; as well as Catholics from County Sligo, Ireland.
Brookhaven (Images of America)
by Valerie Mathis Biggerstaff Rebecca Chase WilliamsBrookhaven has long benefited from its prime location. With two creeks running through it and the well-traveled thoroughfare that became Peachtree Road, Brookhaven was a familiar place to Native Americans, Civil War soldiers, and early settlers like the Goodwin family, whose home became a railroad stop. Adjacent to the city of Atlanta, Brookhaven grew into a community of gracious neighborhoods, parks, and lakes and became home to Oglethorpe University. In 2013, Brookhaven became a city, and it continues to benefit and grow as businesses and families are attracted by its proximity to Atlanta.
Brookline: The Evolution of an American Jewish Suburb
by Bruce A PhillipsFirst published in 1990, Brookline: The Evolution of an American Jewish Suburb explores how Brookline became home to one of America’s most vibrant Jewish communities. For over a century, Brookline, Massachusetts, was one of the oldest and most elite suburbs in America. By the end of the Second World War, its transformation into a distinctly Jewish suburb had begun. Through the use of sociological oral history, the book seeks to present the social world of Brookline Jews as they experienced it. Combined with a variety of documentary resources, such as newspapers and congregational "bulletins", it contextualises the accounts of the informants consulted to provide both factual and ethnographic validation and a detailed insight into the process by which this elite Yankee suburb became a core Jewish community.
Brookline, Allston-Brighton and the Renewal of Boston
by Ted ClarkeIn the aftermath of the Civil War and the Great Boston Fire of 1872, those who would rebuild Boston looked to new ground in Brookline and Allston-Brighton. The two towns were invited to join Boston, but only Allston-Brighton accepted. The decisions and subsequent growth of these communities, along with Boston's decline and fall during the same period, are told in a fast-paced story by local historian Ted Clarke. Learn about James Michael Curley's lasting impact on Boston as the city's mayor and of John Collins's collaboration with Edward Logue in their efforts to create a "New Boston."? Travel with Clarke as he takes a look back at the fascinating events that shaped the character of these historic communities.
Brooklyn: The Once and Future City
by Thomas CampanellaAn unprecedented history of Brooklyn, told through its places, buildings, and the people who made them, from the early seventeenth century to todayAmerica's most storied urban underdog, Brooklyn has become an internationally recognized brand in recent decades—celebrated and scorned as one of the hippest destinations in the world. In Brooklyn: The Once and Future City, Thomas J. Campanella unearths long-lost threads of the urban past, telling the rich history of the rise, fall, and reinvention of one of the world’s most resurgent cities.Spanning centuries and neighborhoods, Brooklyn-born Campanella recounts the creation of places familiar and long forgotten, both built and never realized, bringing to life the individuals whose dreams, visions, rackets, and schemes forged the city we know today. He takes us through Brooklyn’s history as homeland of the Leni Lenape and its transformation by Dutch colonists into a dense slaveholding region. We learn about English émigré Deborah Moody, whose town of Gravesend was the first founded by a woman in America. We see how wanderlusting Yale dropout Frederick Law Olmsted used Prospect Park to anchor an open space system that was to reach back to Manhattan. And we witness Brooklyn’s emergence as a playland of racetracks and amusement parks celebrated around the world.Campanella also describes Brooklyn’s outsized failures, from Samuel Friede’s bid to erect the world’s tallest building to the long struggle to make Jamaica Bay the world’s largest deepwater seaport, and the star-crossed urban renewal, public housing, and highway projects that battered the borough in the postwar era. Campanella reveals how this immigrant Promised Land drew millions, fell victim to its own social anxieties, and yet proved resilient enough to reawaken as a multicultural powerhouse and global symbol of urban vitality.
Brooklyn: Historically Speaking
by John B. ManbeckFrom America's first suburb to its favorite borough, Brooklyn is by all accounts matchless. Taking readers away from the film sets and off the tour buses, borough historian John Manbeck reveals the communities that have defined its diverse neighborhoods, from the early Dutch settlers to today's colonizing hipsters. Through urbanism and war, depression and gentrification, Manbeck's columns, first printed in the Brooklyn Eagle and now collected here, show Brooklyn for what it is- a cultural and social nonpareil that just happens to sit across the East River from Manhattan.