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القانون في الطب 2
by ابن سينااعلم أن المرارة كيس معلّق من الكبد إلى ناحية المعدة من طبقة واحدة عصبانية ولها ضمّ إلى الكبد ومجرى فيه يجذب الخلط الرقيق الموافق لها والمرار الأصفر ويتصل هذا المجرى بنفس الكبد والعروق التي فيها يتكون الدم وله هناك شعب كثيرة غائصة وإن كان مدخل عمودها من التقعير والفم ومجرى إلى ناحية المعدة. والأمعاء ترسل فيه إلى ناحيتهما فضل الصفراء على ما ذكرناه في الكتاب الأول. وهذا المجرى يتصل أكثر شعبه بالاثني عشري وربما اتصل شيء صغير منه بأسفل المعدة وربما وقع الأمر بالضد فصار الأكبر المتصل بالوعاء الأغلظ إلى أسفل المعدة والأصغر إلى الاثني عشري. وفي أكثر الناس هو مجرى واحد متصل بالاثني عشري. وأما مدخل الأنبوبة المصاصة للمرارة في المرارة فقريب من مدخل أنبوبة المثانة في المثانة. ومن عادة الأطباء الأقدمين أن يسموا المرار الكيس الأصغر كما أنه من عادتهم أن يسموا المثانة الكيس الأكبر ومن المنافع في خلقة المرارة تنقية الكبد من الفضل الرغوي وأيضاً تسخينها كالوقود تحت القدر وأيضاً تلطيف الدم وتحليل الفضول وأيضاً تحريك البراز وتنظيف الأمعاء وشدّ ما يسترخي من العضل حوله وإنما لم يخلق في الأكثر للمرارة سبيل إلى المعدة لتغسل رطوباتها بالمرة كما تغسل بها في رطوبات الأمعاء لأن المعدة تتأذى بذلك وتغثّي ويفسد الهضم فيها بما يخالط الغذاء من خلط رديء ويأتيها من العرق الضارب. وللعصبة التي تتصل بالكبد شعبتان صغيرتان جداً والمرارة كالمثانة طبقة واحدة مؤلفة من أصناف الليف الثلاثة وإذا لم تجذب المرارة المرار أو جذبت فلم تستنق عنه حدثت آفات فإن الصفراء إذا احتبست فوق المرارة أو رمت الكبد وأورثت اليرقان وربما عفنت وأحدثت حميات رديئة. وإذا سالت إلى أعضاء البول بإفراط قرحت وإذا سالت إلى عضو ما أحدثت الحمرة والنملة وإذا دبت في البدن كله ساكنة غير هائجة أحدثت اليرقان وإذا سالت عن المرارة إلى الأمعاء بإفراط أورثت الإسهال المراري والسحج.
GaN and Related Materials
by 9789056995171Presents views on current developments in heat and mass transfer research related to the modern development of heat exchangers. Devotes special attention to the different modes of heat and mass transfer mechanisms in relation to the new development of heat exchangers design. Dedicates particular attention to the future needs and demands for further development in heat and mass transfer. GaN and related materials are attracting tremendous interest for their applications to high-density optical data storage, blue/green diode lasers and LEDs, high-temperature electronics for high-power microwave applications, electronics for aerospace and automobiles, and stable passivation films for semiconductors. In addition, there is great scientific interest in the nitrides, because they appear to form the first semiconductor system in which extended defects do not severely affect the optical properties of devices. This series provides a forum for the latest research in this rapidly-changing field, offering readers a basic understanding of new developments in recent research. Series volumes feature a balance between original theoretical and experimental research in basic physics, device physics, novel materials and quantum structures, processing, and systems.
Characterisation Techniques for Civil Engineers
by Bahurudeen A Rithuparna R P V MoorthiThe primary aim of this book is to provide an understanding of the sophisticated, modern characterisation techniques in the domain of civil engineering. It systematically covers physical, chemical, mineralogical and microstructural characterisation, which is imperative to evaluate the construction materials and their performance. It describes tools such as rheometers, thermogravimetric analysers, scanning electron microscopes, X-ray diffractometers and other miscellaneous methods. In each chapter, a detailed scientific background, instrumentation details, working principles, and applications of a specific technique are provided. Features: • Describes rheological and microstructural characterisation testing. • Discusses sophisticated characterisation techniques for construction materials. • Explains the detailed procedure of sample preparation and testing. • Provides detailed descriptions of different parts of the instruments and their purposes. • Includes questions and answers at the end of each chapter. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in civil engineering.
Science Education and Teacher Professional Development: Combining Learning with Research (Palgrave Studies in Alternative Education)
by Elizabeth A. C. RushtonThis book presents a radical reconceptualization of subject-focused and research-led teacher professional development. Drawing on the experiences of more than 50 high school teachers and technicians who participated in science-based research with their students, the author examines how this enables teachers to develop a ‘Teacher Scientist’ model of professional identity. Through active participation in research, science teachers and technicians can implement socially just approaches to education, where students’ differences are valued and, through research, their social and academic development is supported. Central to the ‘Teacher Scientist’ identity is the development of, and sustained interaction with, complex and collaborative professional networks which include researchers, university-staff and teachers and students in other schools. In the context of persistent recruitment and retention challenges, the ‘Teacher Scientist’ model provides a research-led approach which may offer an alternative to strategies focused on financial incentives.
Australian Vegetation
by David A. KeithAustralian Vegetation has been an essential reference for students and researchers in botany, ecology and natural resource management for over 35 years. Now fully updated and with a new team of authors, the third edition presents the latest insights on the patterns and processes that shaped the vegetation of Australia. The first part of the book provides a synthesis of ecological processes that influence vegetation traits throughout the continent, using a new classification of vegetation. New chapters examine the influences of climate, soils, fire regimes, herbivores and aboriginal people on vegetation, in addition to completely revised chapters on evolutionary biogeography, quaternary vegetation history and alien plants. The book's second half presents detailed ecological portraits for each major vegetation type and offers data-rich perspectives and comparative analysis presented in tables, graphs, maps and colour illustrations. This authoritative book will inspire readers to learn and explore first-hand the vegetation of Australia.
Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 102
by A. Douglas Douglas Kinghorn Heinz Falk Simon Gibbons Jun'Ichi KobayashiThe first contribution reviews the phytochemical, chemical,and biological literature on members of the ingenane class of diterpenoids fromtheir first isolation in 1968 through 2015, highlighting unresolved issues bothcommon to phorboids and specific to ingenol derivatives. The biogenesis of ingenol is discussed in thelight of the Jakupovic proposal of a dissection between the formation of the macrocyclicEuphorbia diterpenoids and the phorboids,and the clinical development of ingenol mebutate is chronicled in the light ofits "reverse-pharmacology" focus. The second contributionoffers a comprehensive view of the chemical wealth and the taxonomic problemscurrently impeding chemical and biological investigations of the genus Laurencia. It addresses the botanical description and the growth andpopulation dynamics of the genus, as well as its chemical diversity and ecologicalrelations; the secondary metabolites as well as their sources of isolation; and finally the biological activity.
Solid-Liquid Separation in the Mining Industry
by Fernando Concha A.This book covers virtually all of the engineering science and technological aspects of separating water from particulate solids in the mining industry. It starts with an introduction to the field of mineral processing and the importance of water in mineral concentrators. The consumption of water in the various stages of concentration is discussed, as is the necessity of recovering the majority of that water for recycling. The book presents the fundamentals under which processes of solid-liquid separation are studied, approaching mixtures of discrete finely divided solid particles in water as a basis for dealing with sedimentation in particulate systems. Suspensions, treated as continuous media, provide the basis of sedimentation, flows through porous media and filtration. The book also considers particle aggregations, and thickening is analyzed in depth. Lastly, two chapters cover the fundamentals and application of rheology and the transport of suspensions. This work is suitable for researchers and professionals in laboratories and plants, and can also serve as additional reading for graduate courses on solid liquid separation as well as for advanced undergraduate and graduate level students for courses of fluid mechanics, solid-liquid separation, thickening, filtration and transport of suspensions in tubes and channels.
The Study of Behavior: Organization, Methods, and Principles
by Jerry A. HoganBehavior studies now span a variety of sub-disciplines, including behavioral ecology, neuroscience, cognitive psychology and evolutionary developmental biology. While the fields' rapid growth has led to startling new insights into animal behavior, it has brought increasingly fragmented approaches to the subject. Integrating ideas and findings from a range of disciplines, this book provides a common framework for understanding diverse issues in behavior studies. The framework is derived from classical ethology, incorporating concepts and data from research in experimental psychology, neurophysiology and evolutionary biology. Hogan outlines the origin and development of major ideas and issues in the field, drawing on examples throughout to highlight connections across sub-disciplines. Demonstrating how results in one area can directly inform work in others, the book ultimately proposes concepts to facilitate new discussions that will open the way for improved dialog between researchers across behavior studies.
Adoption of LMS in Higher Educational Institutions of the Middle East (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Rashid A. Khan Hassan Qudrat-UllahThis book discusses the adoption of learning management systems (LMS) in higher education institutions. It presents influential predictors that may impact instructors’ behavioral intention to adopt learning management systems in the context of Arab culture, as well as a unique model of technology acceptance that draws on and combines previous technology adoption models (i.e., a modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model – UTAUT2). Moreover, this study extends the UTAUT2 model by including Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimensions, and technology awareness as the moderators of the model. It also describes the explanatory technique approach used to collect quantitative data from the instructors at higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia and were analyzed with structural equation modeling using SPSS/Amos software. The findings revealed that facilitating conditions were the strongest predictor of behavioral intention to adopt an LMS, followed by performance expectancy and hedonic motivation, technology awareness, and cultural dimensions exerted a moderating influence on instructors’ behavioral intention to use LMS in their teaching. By including new constructs, this becomes the first study of its kind exploring instructors’ use of LMS in Higher Educational Institutions of Saudi Arabia and other countries of the Middle East. It offers practical insights for a broad range of researchers and professionals at higher education institutions and serves as a reference guide for designers of learning management systems (e.g., blackboard systems), policymakers, and the Ministry of Education staff.
Chemistry and Technology of Emulsion Polymerisation
by A. M. van HerkChemistry and Technology of Emulsion Polymerisation 2e provides a practical and intuitive explanation of emulsion polymerization, in combination with both conventional and controlled radical polymerization. For those working in industry, coupling theory with everyday practice can be difficult. By carefully explaining the principles of the reaction, based on well-designed experimental investigation, the book explains how the principles relate to practical application.The second edition of this book includes a new chapter on morphology of latex particles, a rapidly progressing area where modelling the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of phase separation and morphology has developed into a mature and powerful tool to predict and control morphology of latex particles. Another area that is rapidly progressing is the application of controlled radical polymerisation in emulsion polymerization. Controlled radical polymerisation is used in aiding encapsulation of inorganic particles like pigment particles and clay platelets. These latest developments are included in the second edition.
Invasive Species: Risk Assessment and Management
by Mark A. Robinson Andrew P. Terry Walshe Burgman Mike NunnBiological invasions are one of the strongest drivers of global environmental change, and invasive species are now often in the public discourse. At the same time, economists have begun to take a real interest in determining how invasive species interact with economic systems, and how invaders should be controlled to optimize societal wealth. Although the work from ecologists and economists have both greatly expanded our understanding of the drivers and impacts of invasions, little integration between the fields has occurred that would allow managers and policy-makers to identify the optical expenditures on, for example, prevention and control of invasive species. Because the level of effort expended on invasive species management is intricately linked to the costs and projected benefits of that management, there is an urgent need for greater synthesis between ecology and economics. This book brings ecology and economics together in new ways to address how we deal with the dynamics and impacts of invasive species, and is the outcome fo many years of collaborative research between a small group of economists and ecologists. The outcome is clear demonstration of the utility of combining ecological and economic models for addressing critical questions in the management of invasive species.
Laser Sources and Applications (Scottish Graduate Ser.)
by A Miller; D M Finlayson; P OsborneRecent years have witnessed rapid advances in the development of solid state, fiber, semiconductor, and parametric sources of coherent radiation, which are opening up new opportunities for laser applications. Laser Sources and Applications provides a tutorial introduction to the basic principles of these developments at a level suitable for postgraduate research students and others with a basic knowledge of lasers and nonlinear optics. Encompassing both the physics and engineering aspects of the field, the book covers the nature of nonlinear optical interactions; solid state, fiber, and semiconductor lasers; optical parametric oscillators; and ultrashort pulse generation and applications. It also explores applications of current interest, such as electromagnetically induced transparency, atomic trapping, and soliton optical communications.
Semiconductor Quantum Optoelectronics: From Quantum Physics to Smart Devices (Scottish Graduate Ser. #50)
by A Miller; M Ebrahimzadeh; D M FinlaysonThe development and application of low-dimensional semiconductors have been rapid and spectacular during the past decade. Ever improving epitaxial growth and device fabrication techniques have allowed access to some remarkable new physics in quantum confined structures while a plethora of new devices has emerged. The field of optoelectronics in particular has benefited from these advances both in terms of improved performance and the invention of fundamentally new types of device, at a time when the use of optics and lasers in telecommunications, broadcasting, the Internet, signal processing, and computing has been rapidly expanding. An appreciation of the physics of quantum and dynamic electronic processes in confined structures is key to the understanding of many of the latest devices and their continued development.Semiconductor Quantum Optoelectronics covers new physics and the latest device developments in low-dimensional semiconductors. It allows those who already have some familiarity with semiconductor physics and devices to broaden and expand their knowledge into new and expanding topics in low-dimensional semiconductors. The book provides pedagogical coverage of selected areas of new and pertinent physics of low-dimensional structures and presents some optoelectronic devices presently under development. Coverage includes material and band structure issues and the physics of ultrafast, nonlinear, coherent, intersubband, and intracavity phenomena. The book emphasizes various devices, including quantum wells, visible, quantum cascade, and mode-locked lasers; microcavity LEDs and VCSELs; and detectors and logic elements. An underlying theme is high-speed phenomena and devices for increased system bandwidths.
Cognitive Computing for Internet of Medical Things
by A. Prasanth, D. Lakshmi, Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj, Balamurugan Balusamy, P.C. SherimonCognitive Computing for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) offers a complete assessment of the present scenario, role, challenges, technologies, and impact of IoMT-enabled smart healthcare systems. It contains chapters discussing various biomedical applications under the umbrella of the IoMT. Key Features Exploits the different prospects of cognitive computing techniques for the IoMT and smart healthcare applications Addresses the significance of IoMT and cognitive computing in the evolution of intelligent medical systems for biomedical applications Describes the different computing techniques of cognitive intelligent systems from a practical point of view: solving common life problems Explores the technologies and tools to utilize IoMT for the transformation and growth of healthcare systems Focuses on the economic, social, and environmental impact of IoMT-enabled smart healthcare systems This book is primarily aimed at graduates, researchers and academicians working in the area of development of the application of the of the application of the IoT in smart healthcare. Industry professionals will also find this book helpful.
Chemcom Chemistry in the Community (Third Edition)
by A Project of the American Chemical SocietyAn introductory chemistry lab book for high school students.
Chemcom Chemistry in the Community (Third Edition): Chemistry In The Community; A Project Of The American Chemical
by A Project of the American Chemical SocietyAn introductory chemistry lab book for high school students.
General Test Guide 2018: Pass Your Test And Know What Is Essential To Become A Safe, Competent Amt From The Most Trusted Source In Aviation Training
by A. S. A. Test ASA Test Prep BoardThe Fast Track Series is designed to prepare applicants who are seeking Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certifications for the full range of material on each test of the series. Prospective test takers are supplied with questions that have been used in the FAA's knowledge exams for aviation mechanics along with an answer key, explanations, and references to quickly improve their comprehension and retention of the test and study materials. Learning Statement Codes (LSC) are also included, enabling students to easily interpret which subject areas are indicated as needing further study on their knowledge test reports. This volume of the series deals with the "General" section of the FAA Knowledge Requirements for Aviation Maintenance Technicians.
Manual of the Grasses of the United States, Volume One
by A. S. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A. S. HitchcockThis work is actually the definitive encyclopedia of United States grass life. Compiled from the U.S. National Herbarium collection, the largest of its kind in the world, it is the only complete manual of U.S. grasses available and one of the basic reference works on U.S. plant life. It catalogs and describes in detail all 1,398 numbered species in 169 numbered genera found in this country, plus 120 species in 16 genera of the so-called “waifs.” Professor Hitchcock is the former Chief Botanist in charge of systematic agrostology for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, by whom the work was originally published, and an internationally known authority.The heart of the book is its detailed descriptions of the family of grasses, the two main subfamilies, the tribes, genera, and species. Quick finding keys are provided for the identification of tribes and genera. Each of the species is given thorough botanical description, including various aspects of its morphology — size, shape, form of culms, blades, panicles, spikes, and flowers — and height, proper planting season, and range of distribution are noted. The Manual also outlines the common uses to which grasses are put and discusses in general terms their distribution, classification, nomenclature, and common names. The 1,199 drawings make identification of any grass species found in the United States a virtual certainty. The appended synonymy of alternate names for each species provides an authoritative taxonomy, eliminating confusion.The nature lover with no more technical equipment than a keen eye can use this manual with profit, for a glossary of botanical terms is included. Naturalists, botanists, agriculturists, and horticulturists will find it valuable as a field and research guide to virtually all the grasses that grow in this country.
Manual of the Grasses of the United States, Volume Two
by A. S. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture A. S. HitchcockThis work is actually the definitive encyclopedia of United States grass life. Compiled from the U.S. National Herbarium collection, the largest of its kind in the world, it is the only complete manual of U.S. grasses available and one of the basic reference works on U.S. plant life. It catalogs and describes in detail all 1,398 numbered species in 169 numbered genera found in this country, plus 120 species in 16 genera of the so-called “waifs.” Professor Hitchcock is the former Chief Botanist in charge of systematic agrostology for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, by whom the work was originally published, and an internationally known authority.The heart of the book is its detailed descriptions of the family of grasses, the two main subfamilies, the tribes, genera, and species. Quick finding keys are provided for the identification of tribes and genera. Each of the species is given thorough botanical description, including various aspects of its morphology — size, shape, form of culms, blades, panicles, spikes, and flowers — and height, proper planting season, and range of distribution are noted. The Manual also outlines the common uses to which grasses are put and discusses in general terms their distribution, classification, nomenclature, and common names. The 1,199 drawings make identification of any grass species found in the United States a virtual certainty. The appended synonymy of alternate names for each species provides an authoritative taxonomy, eliminating confusion.The nature lover with no more technical equipment than a keen eye can use this manual with profit, for a glossary of botanical terms is included. Naturalists, botanists, agriculturists, and horticulturists will find it valuable as a field and research guide to virtually all the grasses that grow in this country.
Basic Concepts in Computational Physics
by Benjamin A. Stickler Ewald SchachingerWith the development of ever more powerful computers a new branch of physics and engineering evolved over the last few decades: Computer Simulation or Computational Physics. It serves two main purposes:- Solution of complex mathematical problems such as, differential equations, minimization/optimization, or high-dimensional sums/integrals.- Direct simulation of physical processes, as for instance, molecular dynamics or Monte-Carlo simulation of physical/chemical/technical processes.Consequently, the book is divided into two main parts: Deterministic methods and stochastic methods. Based on concrete problems, the first part discusses numerical differentiation and integration, and the treatment of ordinary differential equations. This is augmented by notes on the numerics of partial differential equations. The second part discusses the generation of random numbers, summarizes the basics of stochastics which is then followed by the introduction of various Monte-Carlo (MC) methods. Specific emphasis is on MARKOV chain MC algorithms. All this is again augmented by numerous applications from physics. The final two chapters on Data Analysis and Stochastic Optimization share the two main topics as a common denominator. The book offers a number of appendices to provide the reader with more detailed information on various topics discussed in the main part. Nevertheless, the reader should be familiar with the most important concepts of statistics and probability theory albeit two appendices have been dedicated to provide a rudimentary discussion.
Non-Wood Forest Products of Asia: Knowledge, Conservation and Livelihood (World Forests #25)
by A. Z. M. Manzoor Rashid Niaz Ahmed Khan Mahmood HossainThis book highlights the importance of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) and their crucial role in sustaining the livelihood of rural and indigenous communities in Asia. The authors depict how the preservation of forests and the associated major non-wood resources may provide an important avenue to reduce poverty. The local practices and knowledge on harvesting NWFPs are often rooted in tradition, and vary from one region to the other. This made it difficult to develop and establish research focus on a greater scale in the past. Readers of this volume will gain an often-missed, broader perspective from these new studies. The authors put a special emphasis on the nexus between conservation and livelihood from an Asian point of view. This addresses a knowledge gap in the current literature and offers important clues on conducting similar research around the world. The volume provides a useful reference guide for the relevant researchers, practitioners and policy makers.
Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe
by Carmen Aalbers Kjell Nilsson Simon Bell Stephan Pauleit Thomas A. Sick NielsenPresently, peri-urbanisation is one of the most pervasive processes of land use change in Europe with strong impacts on both the environment and quality of life. It is a matter of great urgency to determine strategies and tools in support of sustainable development. The book synthesizes the results of PLUREL, a large European Commission funded research project (2007-2010). Tools and strategies of PLUREL address main challenges of managing land use in peri-urban areas. These results are presented and illustrated by means of 7 case studies which are at the core of the book. This volume presents a novel, future oriented approach to the planning and management of peri-urban areas with a main focus on scenarios and sustainability impact analysis. The research is unique in that it focuses on the future by linking quantitative scenario modeling and sustainability impact analysis with qualitative and in-depth analysis of regional strategies, as well as including a study at European level with case study work also involving a Chinese case study.
Cultivating Organizational Excellence: A Practitioner’s View (Management for Professionals)
by Albert Ferdinand AaldersThis book offers a comprehensive approach to organizational excellence based on the author’s vast experience in managing excellence at highly innovative and dynamic organizations. It integrates various approaches into a consistent view of achieving excellence in the context of dynamic technological and societal developments. Starting from purpose and mission, it describes stakeholder mapping and analysis, and process and quality management. In turn, it sheds light on how to deal with business dynamics of various types and demonstrates how quantum-mechanical models can help to understand and manage dynamic organizational processes. The book then introduces readers to result measuring and performance management, followed by organizational learning and rewards and recognition. Moreover, it discusses (innovation) ecosystem leverage and organizational culture management as further important capabilities of excellent organizations. Best practices in corporate social responsibility and environmental, social and governance aspects are fully integrated throughout the book, which concludes by explaining how the UN Sustainable Development Goals can be applied to optimize business initiatives. The book is intended as a source of inspiration for managers working under highly dynamic organizational conditions, helping them take their businesses to higher levels. It also provides valuable industrial insights for scholars with an interest in organizational excellence.
Plant Receptor Kinases
by Reidunn Birgitta AalenThis is volume presents protocols relevant for plant receptor kinases(PRK) both in development and defence. Chapters guide readers through comprehensive experimental approach for molecular investigations of plant receptor kinases, from the simplest methods for expression and purification of receptor domains to the most advanced methods aiming at understanding the dynamics of receptor complex formation and specificity of signaling pathways. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Receptor Kinases: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.