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Indigenous and Ethnic Empowerment: Parity, Equity and Strategy
by Alf H. WalleIndigenous, ethnic and rural peoples throughout the world struggle to effectively deal with the challenges triggered by outside economic and social intervention. This book presents business methods in a manner that reflects the needs, desires and priorities of indigenous peoples and provides the tools communities need to envision and deal with the full impact of social and economic intervention. In particular, the book helps local leaders and their advocates to better understand the full implications of the choices before them and develop skills to articulate and deal with local goals, needs, and priorities. The book is distinctive because it helps people embrace opportunities and change on their own terms. As a result, leaders and their advocates will be better able to evaluate and respond to opportunities in an informed and systematic manner. Various business disciplines (such as accounting, finance, human resource management, organizational theory, and marketing) are discussed in ways that help the reader to envision both mainstream perspectives and the distinctive issues faced by ethnic enclaves.
Industrial Sensors and Controls in Communication Networks: From Wired Technologies To Cloud Computing And The Internet Of Things (Computer Communications and Networks)
by Dong-Seong Kim Hoa Tran-DangThis informative text/reference presents a detailed review of the state of the art in industrial sensor and control networks. The book examines a broad range of applications, along with their design objectives and technical challenges. The coverage includes fieldbus technologies, wireless communication technologies, network architectures, and resource management and optimization for industrial networks. Discussions are also provided on industrial communication standards for both wired and wireless technologies, as well as for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).Topics and features: describes the FlexRay, CAN, and Modbus fieldbus protocols for industrial control networks, as well as the MIL-STD-1553 standard; proposes a dual fieldbus approach, incorporating both CAN and ModBus fieldbus technologies, for a ship engine distributed control system; reviews a range of industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) applications, from environmental sensing and condition monitoring, to process automation; examines the wireless networking performance, design requirements, and technical limitations of IWSN applications; presents a survey of IWSN commercial solutions and service providers, and summarizes the emerging trends in this area; discusses the latest technologies and open challenges in realizing the vision of the IIoT, highlighting various applications of the IIoT in industrial domains; introduces a logistics paradigm for adopting IIoT technology on the Physical Internet.This unique work will be of great value to all researchers involved in industrial sensor and control networks, wireless networking, and the Internet of Things.
Inference in Argumentation: A Topics-based Approach To Argument Schemes (Argumentation Library #34)
by Eddo Rigotti Sara GrecoThis book investigates the role of inference in argumentation, considering how arguments support standpoints on the basis of different loci. The authors propose and illustrate a model for the analysis of the standpoint-argument connection, called Argumentum Model of Topics (AMT). A prominent feature of the AMT is that it distinguishes, within each and every single argumentation, between an inferential-procedural component, on which the reasoning process is based; and a material-contextual component, which anchors the argument in the interlocutors’ cultural and factual common ground. The AMT explains how these components differ and how they are intertwined within each single argument. This model is introduced in Part II of the book, following a careful reconstruction of the enormously rich tradition of studies on inference in argumentation, from the antiquity to contemporary authors, without neglecting medieval and post-medieval contributions. The AMT is a contemporary model grounded in a dialogue with such tradition, whose crucial aspects are illuminated in this book.
Influencia!: Guia para ser um influenciador digital de sucesso
by Maria GonçalvesTransforma a tua paixão num negócio rentável! Com exercicíos práticos, listas de tarefas e modelos para poderes criar o teu projeto de sucesso! Tornar-se num influenciador digital não é tarefa fácil, pelo menos quando se quer ser bem-sucedido. Mas a Maria Gonçalves, a primeira blog coach portuguesa, tem todas as informações pertinentes para que a tua paixão se transforme num negócio rentável. Só tens de seguir este guia, juntar-lhe muita dedicação e dar o melhor de ti. Este livro é uma ferramenta indispensável se ambicionas - ganhar dinheiro como criador de conteúdo - ser um influenciador digital de sucesso - poder assumi-lo como a tua profissão a tempo inteiro. Cada capítulo está dividido numa parte teórica, que transmite a informação essencial de forma simples e direta, e numa parte prática, que inclui exercícios, listas de tarefas e modelos para poderes criar o teu projeto de sucesso e, ainda, ferramentas úteis para criar um blog, criar conteúdo, enviar campanhas de e-mail e vender produtos digitais.
Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies: Proceedings Of Third International Conference On Ictcs 2017 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #40)
by Parikshit N. Mahalle Shyam Akashe Simon FongThis book contains 74 papers presented at ICTCS 2017: Third International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies. The conference was held during 16–17 December 2017, Udaipur, India and organized by Association of Computing Machinery, Udaipur Professional Chapter in association with The Institution of Engineers (India), Udaipur Local Center and Global Knowledge Research Foundation. This book contains papers mainly focused on ICT for Computation, Algorithms and Data Analytics and IT Security etc.
Information and Communication Theory (IEEE Series on Digital & Mobile Communication)
by Stefan HöstAn important text that offers an in-depth guide to how information theory sets the boundaries for data communication In an accessible and practical style, Information and Communication Theory explores the topic of information theory and includes concrete tools that are appropriate for real-life communication systems. The text investigates the connection between theoretical and practical applications through a wide-variety of topics including an introduction to the basics of probability theory, information, (lossless) source coding, typical sequences as a central concept, channel coding, continuous random variables, Gaussian channels, discrete input continuous channels, and a brief look at rate distortion theory. The author explains the fundamental theory together with typical compression algorithms and how they are used in reality. He moves on to review source coding and how much a source can be compressed, and also explains algorithms such as the LZ family with applications to e.g. zip or png. In addition to exploring the channel coding theorem, the book includes illustrative examples of codes. This comprehensive text: Provides an adaptive version of Huffman coding that estimates source distribution Contains a series of problems that enhance an understanding of information presented in the text Covers a variety of topics including optimal source coding, channel coding, modulation and much more Includes appendices that explore probability distributions and the sampling theorem Written for graduate and undergraduate students studying information theory, as well as professional engineers, master’s students, Information and Communication Theory offers an introduction to how information theory sets the boundaries for data communication.
Information Science and Applications 2018: ICISA 2018 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #514)
by Kuinam J. Kim Nakhoon BaekThis book contains selected papers from the 9th International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA 2018) and provides a snapshot of the latest issues encountered in technical convergence and convergences of security technology. It explores how information science is core to most current research, industrial and commercial activities and consists of contributions covering topics including Ubiquitous Computing, Networks and Information Systems, Multimedia and Visualization, Middleware and Operating Systems, Security and Privacy, Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence, Software Engineering, and Web Technology. The proceedings introduce the most recent information technology and ideas, applications and problems related to technology convergence, illustrated through case studies, and reviews converging existing security techniques. Through this volume, readers will gain an understanding of the current state-of-the-art information strategies and technologies of convergence security. The intended readership includes researchers in academia, industry and other research institutes focusing on information science and technology.
Information Wars: How We Lost the Global Battle Against Disinformation and What We Can Do About It
by Richard StengelFrom former Time editor and Under Secretary of State Richard Stengel, this is the first and only insider account of how the U.S. tried--and failed--to combat the global rise of disinformation that eventually spilled into the 2016 election. In February of 2013, Richard Stengel, the former editor of Time, joined the Obama administration as Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. Within days, two shocking events made worldwide headlines: ISIS executed American journalist James Foley in a graphic video seen by millions, and Vladimir Putin's "little green men"--Russian special forces--invaded Crimea, accompanied by a blizzard of Russian denials and false flags. What these events had in common besides their violent lawlessness is that they were the opening salvos in a new era of global information warfare, in which countries and non-state actors use social media and disinformation to create their own narratives and undermine anyone who opposes them. Stengel was thrust onto the front lines of this battle as he was tasked with responding to the relentless weaponizing of information by ISIS, Russia, China, and others. He saw the scale of what he was up against and found himself hopelessly outgunned. Then, in 2016, the wars Stengel was fighting abroad came home during the presidential election, as "fake news" became a rallying cry and the Russians used the techniques they learned in Ukraine to influence the election here. Rarely has an accomplished journalist been not only a close observer but also a principal participant in American foreign policy as events unfold, issues are debated, and decisions are made. Stengel takes you behind the scenes in the ritualized world of diplomacy, from the daily 8:30 morning huddle with a restless John Kerry to a midnight sit-down in Saudi Arabia with the prince of darkness, Mohammed bin Salman. The result is a compulsively readable account of how this new kind of warfare works and how difficult it is to fight. RICHARD STENGEL was the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs from 2013 to 2016. Before working at the State Department, he was the editor of Time for seven years, from 2006 to 2013. From 1992 to 1994, he collaborated with Nelson Mandela on the South African leader's autobiography Long Walk to Freedom. Stengel later wrote Mandela's Way, a New York Times bestseller, on his experience working with Mandela. He is the author of several other books, including January Sun, a book about life in a small South African town, as well as You're Too Kind: A Brief History of Flattery. He is an NBC/MSNBC analyst and lives in New York.
Information Wars: How We Lost the Global Battle Against Disinformation & What We Can Do About It
by Richard StengelA “well-told” insider account of the State Department’s twenty-first-century struggle to defend America against malicious propaganda and disinformation (The Washington Post).Disinformation is nothing new. When Satan told Eve nothing would happen if she bit the apple, that was disinformation. But today, social media has made disinformation even more pervasive and pernicious. In a disturbing turn of events, authoritarian governments are increasingly using it to create their own false narratives, and democracies are proving not to be very good at fighting it.During the final three years of the Obama administration, Richard Stengel, former editor of Time, was an Under Secretary of State on the front lines of this new global information war—tasked with unpacking, disproving, and combating both ISIS’s messaging and Russian disinformation. Then, during the 2016 election, Stengel watched as Donald Trump used disinformation himself. In fact, Stengel quickly came to see how all three had used the same playbook: ISIS sought to make Islam great again; Putin tried to make Russia great again; and we know the rest.In Information Wars, Stengel moves through Russia and Ukraine, Saudi Arabia and Iraq, and introduces characters from Putin to Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, and Mohamed bin Salman, to show how disinformation is impacting our global society. He illustrates how ISIS terrorized the world using social media, and how the Russians launched a tsunami of disinformation around the annexation of Crimea—a scheme that would became a model for future endeavors. An urgent book for our times, now with a new preface from the author, Information Wars challenges us to combat this ever-growing threat to democracy.“[A] refreshingly frank account . . . revealing.” —Kirkus Reviews“This sobering book is indeed needed to help individuals better understand how information can be massaged to produce any sort of message desired.” —Library Journal
Innovating Innovation: Leadership Tools to Make Revolutionary Change Happen for You and Your Business
by David Morey#1 New Release in Industrial Management & Leadership - Breakthrough Innovation Tools for Successful LeadershipInnovation needs innovation: Innovation is broken. Business leadership is struggling to find ways to crack through corporate politics or bureaucratic silos, to move from defense to offense, to nurture real breakthrough, to drive visionary creativity in ways that add new value to everything they do. In Innovating Innovation, David Morey, one of America’s leading strategic consultants, teaches, coaches, and guides you across eleven concrete and pragmatic steps that unlock and drive day-to-day innovation in your business and help you gain a long-term competitive advantage.Make change and innovation happen: Innovating Innovation synergizes what is best in classic innovation theories with an insurgent strategic model inspired by one of Morey’s first corporate clients, Apple founder Steve Jobs. It shows how to lead innovation that creates the products of visionary genius without the necessity for actual genius. It provides practical tools and guidance on building and leading the teams, working conditions, organizational structures, and cultures of market-made and market-making innovation. It illustrates a roadmap to the disruptive periphery, the organizational margins at which real innovation actually takes place.Innovation can be taught: Innovating Innovation is a framework to counter failure. It directs you, the reader, to the consumer, the very person who will actually tell you how to innovate the benefits to create a future you can own. This book invites you to “think different,” to become a change leader, to go the “wrong” way to get to the right places.After reading this new battlefield manual for innovation, you will:Learn the Disruptive Periphery Concept and how it can give you the tools to help your businessDiscover a practical marketing-centric focus applied to innovationReap the benefits of lessons developed from thirty years of real-world global consulting and training experience
Innovation, Engineering and Entrepreneurship (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #505)
by José Machado Filomena Soares Germano VeigaThis book presents endeavors to join synergies in order to create added value for society, using the latest scientific knowledge to boost technology transfer from academia to industry. It potentiates the foundations for the creation of knowledge- and entrepreneurial cooperation networks involving engineering, innovation, and entrepreneurship stakeholders. The Regional HELIX 2018 conference was organized at the University of Minho’s School of Engineering by the MEtRICs and Algoritmi Research Centers, and took place in Guimarães, Portugal, from June 27th to 29th, 2018. After a rigorous peer-review process, 160 were accepted for publication, covering a wide range of topics, including Control, Automation and Robotics; Mechatronics Design, Medical Devices and Wellbeing; Cyber-Physical Systems, IoT and Industry 4.0; Innovations in Industrial Context and Advanced Manufacturing; New Trends in Mechanical Systems Development; Advanced Materials and Innovative Applications; Waste to Energy and Sustainable Environment; Operational Research and Industrial Mathematics; Innovation and Collaborative Arrangements; Entrepreneurship and Internationalization; and Oriented Education for Innovation, Engineering and/or Entrepreneurship.
Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching: The Case of the Middle East and North Africa (New Language Learning and Teaching Environments)
by Christine Coombe Hayo Reinders Andrew Littlejohn Dara TafazoliThis edited collection presents a study of innovation in teaching, learning, assessment and teacher development practices in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The thirteen research-based chapters in this collection examine recent innovations in English language teaching, drawing on classroom, administrative and learning experiences from seven of the countries in the region. The major trends analyzed across the volume include the language skills of reading and writing and the prevalence of technology and technology-enhanced instruction. It highlights that innovative teaching, learning and assessment practices that are now in place in virtually all levels of English language teaching and learning from primary school to university to adult education sectors, and reflects on possible ways forward for innovation in the field of ELT. This book will provide valuable insight for scholars of applied linguistics and practitioners working in language policy,
Innovations in Computer Science and Engineering: Proceedings of the Sixth ICICSE 2018 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #74)
by Rajkumar Buyya H. S. Saini Rishi Sayal Aliseri GovardhanThis book includes high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers from the 6thInternational Conference on Innovations in Computer Science & Engineering (ICICSE 2018), held at Guru Nanak Institutions, Hyderabad, India from August 17 to 18, 2018. The book discusses a wide variety of industrial, engineering and scientific applications of the emerging techniques and offers a platform for researchers from academia and industry to present their original work and exchange ideas, information, techniques and applications in the field of computer science.
Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering: Proceedings Of The Fifth Iciece 2016 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #7)
by S. V. Ranganayakulu K. Santhi Vishal M. Patel Ravi Kishore Singh H. S. SainiThe book is a collection of best selected research papers presented at 6th International Conference on Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering at Guru Nanak Institutions Hyderabad, India. The book presents works from researchers, technocrats and experts about latest technologies in electronic and communication engineering. The book covers various streams of communication engineering like signal processing, VLSI design, embedded systems, wireless communications, and electronics and communications in general. The authors have discussed the latest cutting edge technology and the volume will serve as a reference for young researchers.
Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering: Proceedings of the 7th ICIECE 2018 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #65)
by H. S. Saini R. K. Singh Girish Kumar G. M. Rather K. SanthiThis book gathers selected papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering, held at Guru Nanak Institutions in Hyderabad, India. It highlights contributions by researchers, technocrats and experts regarding the latest technologies in electronic and communication engineering, and addresses various aspects of communication engineering, including signal processing, VLSI design, embedded systems, wireless communications, and electronics and communications in general. Covering cutting-edge technologies, the book offers a valuable resource, especially for young researchers.
Innovations in Infrastructure: Proceedings of ICIIF 2018 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #757)
by Dipankar Deb Valentina E. Balas Rajeeb DeyThe book covers innovative research and its applications in infrastructure development and related areas. This book discusses the state-of-art development, challenges and unsolved problems in the field of infrastructure/smart development, control engineering, power system infrastructure, smart infrastructure, waste management and renewable energy. The solutions discussed in this book encourage the researchers and IT professionals to put the methods into their practice.
Innovations in Soft Computing and Information Technology: Proceedings of ICEMIT 2017, Volume 3
by Jayeeta Chattopadhyay Rahul Singh Vandana BhattacherjeeThe book presents innovative scientific research works by academics, research scholars and students, presented at the 2017 International Conference on Energy, Materials and Information Technology at Amity University Jharkhand, India. It includes contributions on system solutions based on soft computing techniques, and covers innovative soft computing techniques and tools with advanced applications. A major focus of the book is on presenting interdisciplinary problems and how they can be solved using information technology, together with innovative connections to other disciplines. It also includes papers on cloud computing and WSN-related real-time research.
Innovative Computing Trends and Applications (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)
by Pandian Vasant Igor Litvinchev José Antonio Marmolejo-SaucedoThis book provides a survey on research, development, and trends in innovative computing in communications engineering and computer science. It features selected and expanded papers from the EAI International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering 2018 (COMPSE 2018), with contributions by top global researchers and practitioners in the field. The content is of relevance to computer science graduates, researchers and academicians in computer science and engineering. The authors discuss new technologies in computer science and engineering that have reduced the dimension of data coverage worldwide, reducing the gaps and coverage of domains globally. They discuss how these advances have also contributed to strength in prediction, analysis, and decision in the areas such as Technology, Management, Social Computing, Green Computing, and Telecom. Contributions show how nurturing the research in technology and computing is essential to finding the right pattern in the ocean of data.Focuses on research areas of innovative computing and its application in engineering and technology;Includes contributions from researchers in computing and engineering from around the world;Features selected and expanded papers from EAI International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering 2018 (COMPSE 2018).
Innovativer Einsatz digitaler Medien im Marketing: Analysen, Strategien, Erfolgsfaktoren, Fallbeispiele
by Lothar Winnen Alexander Rühle Alexander WrobelDieses Buch zeigt fundiert, wie digitale Medien für unterschiedliche Zielsetzungen im Marketing passgenau eingesetzt werden können. Digitalexperten aus Wissenschaft und Praxis geben wertvolle Einblicke in die aktuellen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten. Neben neuesten Forschungsergebnissen zu den Themen Dynamic Pricing, Einsatz von Bots, Transmediales Marketing, Recruiting oder Mobile Marketing liefern sie wichtige Erkenntnisse und konkrete Praxisbeispiele aus unterschiedlichen Branchen.Ein inspirierendes Werk, das kluge Wege aufzeigt, um Ziele und Zielgruppen auch in einer zunehmend dynamischen Welt erfolgreich und nachhaltig zu erreichen.
Input-to-State Stability for PDEs (Communications and Control Engineering)
by Iasson Karafyllis Miroslav KrsticThis book lays the foundation for the study of input-to-state stability (ISS) of partial differential equations (PDEs) predominantly of two classes—parabolic and hyperbolic. This foundation consists of new PDE-specific tools. In addition to developing ISS theorems, equipped with gain estimates with respect to external disturbances, the authors develop small-gain stability theorems for systems involving PDEs. A variety of system combinations are considered: PDEs (of either class) with static maps;PDEs (again, of either class) with ODEs;PDEs of the same class (parabolic with parabolic and hyperbolic with hyperbolic); andfeedback loops of PDEs of different classes (parabolic with hyperbolic). In addition to stability results (including ISS), the text develops existence and uniqueness theory for all systems that are considered. Many of these results answer for the first time the existence and uniqueness problems for many problems that have dominated the PDE control literature of the last two decades, including—for PDEs that include non-local terms—backstepping control designs which result in non-local boundary conditions. Input-to-State Stability for PDEs will interest applied mathematicians and control specialists researching PDEs either as graduate students or full-time academics. It also contains a large number of applications that are at the core of many scientific disciplines and so will be of importance for researchers in physics, engineering, biology, social systems and others.
Instagram For Dummies
by Jennifer Herman Corey Walker Eric ButowGo from Instagram newbie to star! Instagram is the fastest-growing social network in the world, soaring from 500 million to 1 billion active users in just two years. Users flock to the site thanks to its simplicity and use of the most popular social media features—image and video sharing, community, and personal insight. Instagram For Dummies is here if you're ready to get acquainted with the platform or want to find ways to do more with your Instagram account. Written by an team led by top Instagram trainer Jenn Herman, this book gives you tips for creating great Instagram images, personalizing your posts, connecting with the Instagram community, and working with Stories and IGTV. Access Instagram on a computer or mobile device Set up your profile Connect with others Share your stories Shoot better Instagram images From handling core functions to connecting with the Instagram community, this book shares the secrets you need to shine on social media like no other!
Instagram-Journalismus: Ein Leitfaden für Redaktionen und freie Journalisten (essentials)
by Selina BettendorfSelina Bettendorf bietet Social-Media-Redakteuren einen einfachen und praktischen Leitfaden, wie sie professionellen Instagram-Journalismus betreiben können. Instagram ist eine Social-Media-Plattform, auf der Bilder und Videos auf einer Startseite (Feed) und in einem neuen Storyformat geteilt werden und die vor allem von jungen Menschen genutzt wird. Die Anzahl der Nutzer wächst rasant; so wird Instagram in der Zukunft des Journalismus eine ausschlaggebende Rolle spielen. Die Autorin thematisiert deshalb, wie Instagram-Beiträge im Feed möglichst viele Menschen erreichen und wie sich Medienunternehmen erfolgreich auf der Plattform präsentieren können. Außerdem erklärt sie, wie qualitativ hochwertiger Journalismus in den Instagram-Storys funktioniert und wie aus Instagram-Followern regelmäßige Besucher der Homepage oder E-Paper-Leser werden können.Die Autorin: Selina Bettendorf ist Absolventin des Masterstudiengangs Medien-Ethik-Religion an der FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg und arbeitet nun als Volontärin bei einer Berliner Tageszeitung.
An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research (Routledge Communication Series)
by Don W. Stacks Michael B. Salwen Kristen C. EichhornThis new edition provides a comprehensive overview of current theory and research written by the top theorists and researchers in each area. It has been updated to address the growing influence of technology, changing relationships, and several growing integrated approaches to communication and includes seven new chapters on: ■ Digital Media ■ Media Effects ■ Privacy ■ Dark Side ■ Applied Communication ■ Relational Communication ■ Instructional Communication ■ Communication and the Law The book continues to be essential reading for students and faculty who want a thorough overview of contemporary communication theory and research.
Integrated Intelligent Computing, Communication and Security (Studies in Computational Intelligence #771)
by C Naveena K. C. Srikantaiah A. N. KrishnaThis book highlights the emerging field of intelligent computing and developing smart systems. It includes chapters discussing the outcome of challenging research related to distributed computing, smart machines and their security related research, and also covers next-generation communication techniques and the networking technologies that have the potential to build the future communication infrastructure. Bringing together computing, communications and other aspects of intelligent and smart computing, it contributes to developing a roadmap for future research on intelligent systems.
Integrationism and the Self: Reflections on the Legal Personhood of Animals (Routledge Advances in Communication and Linguistic Theory)
by Christopher HuttonIn recent years a set of challenging questions have arisen in relation to the status of animals; their treatment by human beings; their cognitive abilities; and the nature of their feelings, emotions, and capacity for suffering. This ground-breaking book draws from integrational semiology to investigate arguments around the rights of certain animals to be recognized as legal persons, thereby granting them many of the protections enjoyed by humans. In parallel with these debates, the question of the legal personality of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has moved to the forefront of legal debate, with entities such as robots, cyborgs, self-driving cars, and genetically engineered beings under consideration. Integrationism offers a framework within which the wider theoretical and practical issues can be understood. Law requires closure and categorical answers; integrationism is an open-ended form of inquiry that is seen as removed from particular controversies. This book argues that the two domains can be brought together in a challenging and productive synthesis. A much-needed resource to examine the heart of this fascinating debate and a must-read for anyone interested in semiology, linguistics, philosophy, ethics, and law.