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The Foreign Office, Commerce and British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century
by John Fisher Effie G. H. Pedaliu Richard SmithThis book addresses the interface of the British Foreign Office, foreign policy and commerce in the twentieth century. Two related questions are considered: what did the Foreign Office do to support British commerce, and how did commerce influence British foreign policy? The editors of this work collect a range of case studies that explore the attitude of the Foreign Office towards commerce and trade promotion, against the backdrop of a century of relative economic decline, while also considering the role of British diplomats in creating markets and supporting UK firms. This highly researched and detailed examination is designed for readers aiming to comprehend the role that commerce played in Britain’s foreign relations, in a century when trade and commerce have become an inseparable element in foreign and security policies.
The Foreign Office Mind: The Making of British Foreign Policy, 1865-1914
by T. G. OtteWith this pioneering approach to the study of international history, T. G. Otte reconstructs the underlying principles, èlite perceptions and 'unspoken assumptions' that shaped British foreign policy between the death of Palmerston and the outbreak of the First World War. Grounded in a wide range of public and private archival sources, and drawing on sociological insights, The Foreign Office Mind presents a comprehensive analysis of the foreign service as a 'knowledge-based-organization', rooted in the social and educational background of the diplomatic èlite and the broader political, social and cultural fabric of Victorian and Edwardian Britain. The book charts how the collective mindset of successive generations of professional diplomats evolved, and reacted to and shaped changes in international relations during the second half of the nineteenth century, including the balance of power and arms races, the origins of appeasement and the causes of the First World War.
Foreign Participation in U.S. Research and Development: Asset or Liability?
by Committee on Foreign Participation in U.S. Research DevelopmentDuring the past decade, foreign participation in U.S. research and development--through acquisition of R&D-intensive businesses, links with universities, and other arrangements--has expanded rapidly.This emergence of foreign influence has drawn a mixed response--some regard the trend as a positive corollary to the expanding involvement of U.S.-owned companies in national markets abroad. Others consider it a net liability for Americans that often benefits foreign companies and their home economies at U.S. expense.There exists a large gap in expert and public understanding of the drivers, nature, and consequences of foreign participation in the nation's technology enterprise. This volume seeks to close this gap and reviews The nature of R&D activities and how they contribute to economic development. The causes, scope, and nature of foreign involvement in U.S.-based R&D activity and the associated costs, risks, benefits, and opportunities of this trend. The merits and liabilities of policies to regulate foreign R&D participation.
Foreign Pol France 1914-45 V7
by NereFirst published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Foreign Policies Of Arab States: The Challenge Of Change
by Bahgat Korany Ali El-Din DessoukiMiddle East politics have been proverbial for their changeability. The 1970s ushered in petro-politics, for instance, but OPEC's international status declined markedly in the following decade. Similarly, the Arab world's ostracism of Egypt in the 1970s following its separate peace with Israel was turned around in the 1980s; the late 1980s also brought PLO acceptance of the State of Israel. Interstate relations were not the only arena to experience significant alterations; state-society relations also underwent dramatic changes, such as the acceleration of privatization in erstwhile socialist regimes. Then the 1990s opened with a political earthquake: the Gulf Crisis. The second edition of this highly acclaimed text offers a penetrating analysis of trends in Arab foreign policies since the book was originally published in 1984, including an early analysis of the effects of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and the subsequent coalition victory over Iraq. In addition, the authors have included new chapters on Jordan—at the heart of the Arab world—and on the Sudan—the region's link to sub-Saharan Africa. Their inclusion allows a fuller understanding of the foreign policies of states that occupy crucial geopolitical positions but wield little tangible power. Moreover, in many of its chapters the book raises the crucial question of how the foreign policies of these countries can cope with the prevalence of political change.
The Foreign Policies of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush: A Comparative Perspective (Routledge Studies in US Foreign Policy)
by Martin A. SmithThis book offers a comparative analysis of the approaches, policies and records of the administrations of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, through an examination of key foreign policy issues that caused controversy and debate both during the 1990s and in the years since 9/11. In the post 9/11 security environment, three issues were identified by the Bush administration as being at the heart of a threat ‘nexus’ – issues that had also preoccupied the Clinton administration. These were the threats and challenges posed by international terrorism, particularly of the militant Islamist type, the so called ‘rogue states’, and the US response to the actual and potential proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Smith explores the responses to these issues and the debates surrounding the nature of US engagement with key regions and states, teasing out areas of similarity and difference in the policies and approaches of the Clinton and Bush administrations. Attention is also given to the contrast frequently drawn between Clinton’s alleged predilection for multilateral approaches to international relations and Bush’s supposed hard-edged unilateralism. This book will prove useful to scholars and students in the fields of US foreign policy, politics, international relations, security studies and public policy.
Foreign Policies of EU Member States: Continuity and Europeanisation
by Amelia Hadfield Ian Manners Richard G. WhitmanForeign Policies of EU Member States provides a clear and current overview of the motivations and outcomes of EU Member States regarding their foreign policy-making within and beyond the EU. It provides an in-depth analysis of intra-EU policy-making and sheds light, in an innovative and understandable way, on the lesser-known aspects of the inter-EU and extra-EU foreign policies of the twenty-eight Member States. The text has an innovative method of thematic organisation in which case study state profiles emerge via dominant foreign policy themes. The text examines the three main policy challenges currently faced by the twenty-eight Member States: First, EU Member States must cooperate within the mechanisms of the EU, including the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). Second, EU Member States continue to construct their own inter-EU foreign policies. Third, the sovereign prerogative exercised by all EU Member States is to construct their own foreign policies on everything from trade and defence with the rest of the world. This combination of clarity, thematic structure and empirical case studies make this an ideal textbook for all upper-level students of European foreign policy, comparative European politics and European studies.
Foreign Policies Of Northern Europe
by Bengt SundeliusThis cross-national treatment of the foreign policies of Northern Europe—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden—is organized by substantive policy areas rather than by country, thus allowing most-similar-case analyses of several dimensions of the countries' international relations. The authors make comparisons among the countries in each area of investigation and present details of security, international development, and neighborhood and foreign policy processes. They also describe and explain international and domestic forces that shape the region's external policies. The combination of sound, empirically based data and attention to broader international and theoretical interests allows relevant comparisons with other advanced industrial states.
The Foreign Policies of Post-Yugoslav States
by Soeren Keil Bernhard StahlThe post-Yugoslav states have developed very differently since Yugoslavia dissolved in the early 1990s. This book analyzes the foreign policies of the post-Yugoslav states, thereby focusing on the main goals, actors, decision-making processes and influences on the foreign policies of these countries.
The Foreign Policies Of The French Left
by Simon SerfatyThe essays included in this volume were written for a series of seminars which took place at the Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research of the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Held at a time when a victory of the Left was widely expected in the legislative elections of March 12 and 19, 1978, the series reflected the Center's continuing interest in the changing international environment of American foreign policy. As it is well known, such predictions did not come to pass. Yet, these essays, revised and updated, remain eminently useful for reasons which should become all too evident in the pages that follow.
Foreign Policy: Foreign Policy And American Primacy In The Twenty-first Century (The Library of Essays in International Relations)
by Robert J. LieberThe best writing on foreign policy integrates theory and policy in ways that address the principal questions about a country's place in the world and encourage the reader to think about contemporary questions from a long-term perspective. Accordingly, the essays in this volume have been chosen with an eye to whether they represent important and original thinking and are likely to remain relevant. The authors included here represent diverse views about foreign policy and the international context in which it takes place. While two dozen pieces chosen from a vast literature can never be definitive, nevertheless each of these articles offers a thoughtful, reasoned and often eloquent assessment that is likely to remain a reference point for those seriously interested in the subject. The work is organized into five sections: how to think about foreign policy, the domestic context, foreign policy and unipolarity, foreign policy after 9/11, and foreign policy and the future.
Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases
by Steve Smith Amelia Hadfield Tim DunneThis ground breaking text provides the ideal introduction to the ever-changing field of foreign policy. With a unique combination of theories, actors and cases in a single volume, the expert contributors provide students with a valuable and accessible introduction to what foreign policy is and how it is conducted. With an emphasis throughout on grounding theory in empirical examples, the textbook features a section dedicated to relevant and topical case studies where foreign policy analysis approaches and theories are applied. The expert team of contributors clearly conveys the connection between international relations theory, political science, and the development of foreign policy analysis, emphasizing the key debates in the academic community. The text is accompanied by an Online Resource Centre, which provides additional resources for both lecturers and students. For students: - Expand your reading with web links organized by chapter that point you to pertinent articles and useful websites. - Test your understanding of key terms with the flashcard glossary. - Explore the evolution of foreign policy analysis by following an interactive timeline For lecturers: - Use the adaptable PowerPoint slides as the basis for lecture presentations, or as hand-outs in class. - Find out how to use case studies in your teaching with our guide to using case studies - Use the simulation exercises to help your students explore negotiations and debates
Foreign Policy Advocacy and Entrepreneurship: How a New Generation in Congress Is Shaping U.S. Engagement with the World
by Jeffrey S LantisForeign Policy Advocacy and Entrepreneurship shows how new and dynamic leaders in Congress are becoming highly influential in policymaking. Capturing the spirit of change in Washington, DC, it explores original case studies of eight US policymakers who challenged authority during the Obama administration—from war veterans and fundamentalist Christian activists to former spies and minority legislators. Newly elected representatives in both parties dove into issues that sometimes seemed well beyond the interests of their constituents and that defied their own party leadership. Setting the course for a new generation of lawmakers, junior entrepreneurs studied here employed a combination of formal legislative strategies for successful influence and informal networking, policy narratives, and communication strategies. While some congressional initiatives have succeeded in changing US foreign policy and others have failed, committed entrepreneurs appear to be gaining greater influence over US foreign policy in the polarized atmosphere of Washington, DC. Cases of entrepreneurship by junior members of Congress represent a puzzle for traditional foreign policy studies that focus on seniority, party discipline, and rigid institutional systems on Capitol Hill. By melding entrepreneurship and policy advocacy literature, this book advances a new typology of foreign policy entrepreneurship, recognizing the impact of multidimensional strategies of influence. The arrival of new members of the 116th Congress, the most diverse in history, provides an exciting laboratory to further test these propositions.
Foreign Policy Analysis: New approaches
by Chris Alden Amnon AranBuilding on the success of the first edition, this revised volume re-invigorates the conversation between foreign policy analysis and international relations. It opens up the discussion, situating existing debates in foreign policy in relation to contemporary concerns in international relations, and provides a concise and accessible account of key areas in foreign policy analysis that are often ignored. Focusing on how foreign policy decision making affects the conduct of states in the international system, and analysing the relationship between policy, agency and actors, the volume examines: foreign policy and bureaucracies domestic sources of foreign policy foreign policy and the state foreign policy and globalization foreign policy and change. Features of the second edition include: a wider range of contemporary case studies and examples from around the globe analysis of new directions in foreign policy analysis including foreign policy implementation and the changing media landscape fully updated material across all chapters to reflect the evolving research agenda in the area. This second edition builds on and expands the theoretical canvas of foreign policy analysis, shaping its ongoing dialogue with international relations and offering an important introduction to the field. It is essential reading for all students of foreign policy and international relations.
Foreign Policy Analysis: A Toolbox
by Jonathan Paquin Jean-Frédéric MorinThis book presents the evolution of the field of foreign policy analysis and explains the theories that have structured research in this area over the last 50 years. It provides the essentials of emerging theoretical trends, data and methodological pitfalls and major case-studies and is designed to be a key entry point for graduate students, upper-level undergraduates and scholars into the discipline. The volume features an eclectic panorama of different conceptual, theoretical and methodological approaches to foreign political analysis, focusing on different models of analysis such as two-level game analysis, bureaucratic politics, strategic culture, cybernetics, poliheuristic analysis, cognitive mapping, gender studies, groupthink and the systemic sources of foreign policy. The authors also clarify conceptual notions such as doctrines, ideologies and national interest, through the lenses of foreign policy analysis.
Foreign Policy Analysis of a Baltic State: Lithuania and 'Grybauskaitė Doctrine' (Routledge Studies in Foreign Policy Analysis)
by Tomas JaneliūnasThis book provides a comprehensive analysis of Lithuanian foreign policy by employing the theory of small states and the agent-perspective to assess how President Dalia Grybauskaitė impacted Lithuanian foreign policy in 2009–2019 and which, in turn, could affect changes in international structures. The book is based on original interviews with Grybauskaitė and all her foreign policy advisors, as well as other Lithuanian diplomats and Ministers of Foreign Affairs. In addition to providing an important case study of Lithuanian foreign policy, this monograph also discusses the impact an agent formulating and executing small-state foreign policy may have on the ‘grand structures’ of international relations, such as the EU and NATO. For its investigation of the mutual relationship between agent and structure, this monograph draws on the literature on foreign policy analysis (FPA) and asks questions about the extent to which a particular leader of foreign policy may determine a specific policy decision or outcome. This book will be of particular interest to students of the Baltic region and Russia-Baltic relations, as well as to political scientists and researchers interested in FPA literature, and small-state security.
Foreign Policy and Congress
by Marie T. HenehanIn the traditional view of foreign policy making in the United States, the President is considered the primary authority and Congress is seen as playing a subsidiary role. Marie T. Henehan looks at the effects of events in the international system on both the content of foreign policy and what actions Congress takes on foreign policy. Henehan argues that the only way to understand the way congressional behavior varies over time is by looking at the rise and resolution of critical issues in foreign policy, which in turn have their origin in the international system. When a critical foreign policy issue arises, congressional activity and attempts to influence foreign policy increase. Once the debate is resolved and one side wins, a consensus emerges and Congress settles into a more passive role. Using a data set consisting of all roll call votes on foreign policy issues taken by the Senate from 1897 to 1984 to generate indicators of Congressional behavior, together with the rise and fall of critical issues in international relations, Henehan is able to develop a more nuanced understanding of Congress's role in foreign policy making over time. In recent years political scientists have begun to consider the impact of the international system on domestic policy. Part of the difficulty of some of this work, as well as work on Congress's role in foreign policy, is that it has been limited in terms of time and the number of events the analysis considered, depending on case studies. This book offers a systematic consideration of the effects of international events on domestic politics, crossing many different kinds of international activity, and provides a unique longitudinal view of Congressional action on foreign policy. This book will be of interest to scholars of international relations, American foreign policy making, and Congress. Marie T. Henehan is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Vanderbilt University.
Foreign Policy and the Media
by Jarno S. LangThis book analyzes the response of the Indonesian press to American foreign policy during the administrations of Presidents Bush and Obama. Situated in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country and the largest Muslim nation, and as such is a potentially vital economic and strategic partner to the US in the 21st century. Ever since Indonesian independence post World War II, relations to the US have been marked by ups and downs. The author argues that the way the Indonesian public perceives the world has an impact on the national self-image that again heavily influences national foreign affairs. For both the US and Indonesia, this is a crucial moment in bilateral relations. This study explores Indonesian media responses to American foreign policy by analyzing more than 400 press articles. In the context of President Obama's declared "pivot to Asia", both countries need to find a way to foster better relations.
Foreign Policy as Nation Making: Turkey and Egypt in the Cold War (The Global Middle East #6)
by Reem Abou-El-FadlAfter the Second World War, Turkey and Egypt were among the most dynamic actors in the Middle East. Their 1950s foreign policies presented a puzzle, however: Turkey's Democrat Party pursued NATO membership and sponsored the pro-Western Baghdad Pact regionally, while Egypt's Free Officers promoted neutralism and pan-Arab alliances. This book asks why: what explains this divergence in a shared historical space? Rethinking foreign policy as an important site for the realisation of nationalist commitments, Abou-El-Fadl finds the answer in the contrasting nation making projects pursued by the two leaderships, each politicised differently through experiences of war, imperialism and underdevelopment. Drawing on untapped Turkish and Arabic sources, and critically engaging with theories of postcolonial nationalism, she emphasises local actors' agency in striving to secure national belonging, sovereignty and progress in the international field. Her analysis sheds light on the contemporary legacies of the decade which cemented Turkey's position in the Western Bloc and Egypt's reputation as Arab leader.
Foreign Policy Begins at Home
by Richard N. HaassAmerica must confront an increasingly turbulent world in the near future, as the destabilizing forces of globalization, rapid technological change, demographic imbalance, and financial meltdown merge to create a kind of global Wild West. This world will be a dangerous one, characterized by a resurgence of nationalism and regional conflict, and how we respond will directly affect both our future prospects and the long-term stability of the international community. In "Restoration," Council on Foreign Relations president Richard N. Haass outlines an approach to foreign policy that turns the challenge of this dysfunctional world into an opportunity for renewed American leadership. Weakened by a decade of costly wars, political dysfunction, and fiscal irresponsibility, we have seen our ability to lead severely curtailed. To begin with, we must get our house in order by sharply limiting our interventions in other countries in favor of rebuilding our domestic institutions and tackling our fiscal problems. TodayOCOs world has moved from the bipolarity of the Cold War to the unipolarity of the post-Cold War to what Haass calls the ?non-polarityOCO of the current moment; therefore, the US has to recognize its limits and reorder its priorities accordingly. The days of wars of choice and other indiscriminate military actions are over, and the price of folly is higher than it used to be; when a non-polar world breaks apart, itOCOs much harder to put the pieces back together. HaassOCOs doctrine of Restoration consists of two parts. First, America should focus on strengthening its domestic situation so as to protect itself from the anarchy of a globalized world, whether itOCOs global terrorism, nuclear proliferation, pandemics, or climate change. Haass proposes a number of policies to realize this, including entitlement reform, free trade, more open immigration policies, and public-private partnerships. Second, America must let go of the idea that it can change other countries through unilateral military action. Achieving this will allow us to cut down on the bloated and ineffective defense budget, improve our international reputation, and put our resources where the action will be (the Asia-Pacific instead of the Middle East). By getting its own house in order, the United States has an opportunity to fill the global leadership vacuum and eventually achieve a more expansive and humane foreign policy. "Restoration" lays out a bold vision for how the US can come to shape world events, rather than being shaped by them. "
Foreign Policy Begins at Home: The Case for Putting America's House in Order
by Richard N. HaassA rising China, climate change, terrorism, a nuclear Iran, a turbulent Middle East, and a reckless North Korea all present serious challenges to America’s national security. <P><P>But it depends even more on the United States addressing its burgeoning deficit and debt, crumbling infrastructure, second class schools, and outdated immigration system. <P><P>While there is currently no great rival power threatening America directly, how long this strategic respite lasts, according to Council on Foreign Relations President Richard N. Haass, will depend largely on whether the United States puts its own house in order. <P><P>Haass lays out a compelling vision for restoring America’s power, influence, and ability to lead the world and advocates for a new foreign policy of Restoration that would require the US to limit its involvement in both wars of choice, and humanitarian interventions. <P><P>Offering essential insight into our world of continual unrest, this new edition addresses the major foreign and domestic debates since hardcover publication, including US intervention in Syria, the balance between individual privacy and collective security, and the continuing impact of the sequester.
Foreign Policy Change in Europe Since 1991
by Jeroen K. Joly Tim HaesebrouckIn the past three decades, the world has witnessed many rapid and invasive changes, and seems to be changing countries have adapted their foreign policies to these changes. Building on a clear typology of foreign policy change and a consistent theoretical framework, this book offers a comparative analysis of foreign policy change in Europe throughout the post-Cold War period. Along the lines of our analytical framework, country experts discuss how and why the further ever more rapidly in ways that seemed only imaginable in movies. This book investigates how European foreign policies of eleven European countries have changed over the past thirty years. This book hereby advances our understanding of the phenomenon of foreign policy change and identifies the most important drivers and inhibitors of change.
Foreign Policy Decision Making: The Influence Of Cognition (Westview Special Studies In International Relations)
by Martha CottamAn analysis of decision making and negotiation in international relations, this book offers a political-psychological model of the images that compose policymakers' world views. Dr. Cottam explores the limits these images impose on diplomatic adaptation to changes in the foreign policies of other states. She evaluates established models of politica
Foreign Policy Decision-Making: An Approach to the Study of International Politics
by Richard C. Synder H. W. Bruck Burton SapinForeign Policy Decision-Making helps in strengthening international relations.
Foreign Policy, Domestic Politics and International Relations: The case of Italy (Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics)
by Elisabetta BrighiThis book offers a re-examination of foreign policy, in its relation with domestic politics and international relations (IR). Bringing together a vast body of literature from IR, foreign policy analysis, comparative politics and public policy, this book systematically reconceptualises foreign policy as a dialectic, produced by the interplay of context, strategy and discourse. It argues that foreign policy defies easy understandings and necessitates a complex framework of analysis, introducing the ‘Strategic-Relational Model’, as conceptualised in critical realism, for the first time to the field of foreign policy analysis. Combining a comprehensive investigation of the last century of Italian foreign policy with an exploration of a key theoretical issue within the field of foreign policy analysis and IR, this book analyses key episodes within Italian foreign policy, including Italy’s Cold War alliance politics, colonial interventions, fascist foreign policy and Italy’s participation in the wars of Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the long-term historical trajectory of Italian foreign policy, from the Liberal age to the ‘Second Republic’, including all four governments of Silvio Berlusconi. Foreign Policy, Domestic Politics and International Relations will be of interest to students and scholars of International Relations, Foreign Policy Analysis and Italian politics.