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Czech: An Essential Grammar (Routledge Essential Grammars)
by James NaughtonCzech: An Essential Grammar is a practical reference guide to the core structures and features of modern Czech. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations and sets out the complexities of Czech in short, readable sections. Suitable for either independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types, key features include: * focus on the morphology and syntax of the language* clear explanations of grammatical terms * full use of authentic examples* detailed contents list and index for easy access to information. With an emphasis on the Czech that native speakers use today, Czech: An Essential Grammar will help students to read, speak and write the language with greater confidence.
Functional Structure: Perspectives from East Asian Languages (Routledge Studies in Asian Linguistics)
by Yen-hui Audrey Li Andrew SimpsonThe issue of how interpretation results from the form and type of syntactic structures present in language is one which is central and hotly debated in both theoretical and descriptive linguistics.This volume brings together a series of eleven new cutting-edge essays by leading experts in East Asian languages which shows how the study of formal structures and functional morphemes in Chinese, Japanese and Korean adds much to our general understanding of the close connections between form and interpretation. This specially commissioned collection will be of interest to linguists of all backgrounds working in the general area of syntax and language change, as well as those with a special interest in Chinese, Japanese and Korean.
The Gaelic-English Dictionary
by Colin B.D. MarkThis book fulfils a keenly-felt need for a modern, comprehensive dictionary of Scottish Gaelic into English. The numerous examples of usage and idiom in this work have been modelled on examples culled from modern literature, and encompass many registers ranging from modern colloquial speech, to more elaborate literary constructions. The main contemporary terms and idiomatic phraseology, often not available in other dictionaries, provide excellent models for easier language learning. In addition to the main dictionary, the volume contains introductory material, providing guidance on using the dictionary, spelling and pronunciation. There are also twelve useful appendices which cover not only the various parts of speech, lenition and proper nouns, but also address the more difficult issues of expressing time, direction and numerals. The clarity of the design and layout of the volume will greatly ease the process of attaining mastery of the Gaelic language.
Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics (Royal Asiatic Society Books)
by Gerard ClausonThis book, now back in print having been unavailable for many years, is one of the most important contributions to Turkic and Mongolic linguistics, and to the contentious 'Altaic theory'. Proponents of the theory hold that Turkish is part of the Altaic family, and that Turkish accordingly exists in parallel with Mongolic and Tungusic-Manchu. Whatever the truth of this theory, Gerard Clauson's erudite and vigorously expressed views, based as they were on a remarkable knowledge of the lexicon of the Altaic languages and his outstanding work in the field of Turkish lexicography, continues to command respect and deserve attention.
Transcending Monolingualism: Linguistic Revitalization in Education
by Leena Huss Antoinette Camilleri Grima Kendall A. KingThis volume describes a wide range of educational situations where linguistic revitalization is currently taking place.
Language Teaching and Language Technology
by John Nerbonne Sake Jager Arthur Van EssenThis text assesses the importance of language technology to increasingly popular computer-assisted language learning work. The book contains writings on pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, testing, distance learning and user studies.
The State of Minority Languages
by Sjaak KroonMany regional languages across the world are threatened by modernization and urbanization whilst the universal and rapid rise of migration has created new and unprecedented forms of multilingualism. Aspects of education, national policies and attitudes towards minority languages are documented.
Talking About People; A Multip: A multiple case study on adult language acquisition
by Peter BroederFirst Published in 1991. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
A Beginners' Guide to Tajiki
by Azim Baizoyev John HaywardThis is a conversational approach to the teaching and learning of the Tajiki language. It uses authentic language material to help learners as they proceed through its topic-based lessons. Its emphasis on the spoken language promotes oral fluency alongside written skills. Both lessons and appendices present new vocabulary and grammar simply and recycle material to provide opportunities for both controlled and free language learning.The appendices include not only lists of useful information and samples of commonly needed letters and speeches but also an invaluable introduction to Tajiki grammar and a comprehensive Tajiki-English dictionary of all the book's vocabulary - over 4500 definitions.
The Korean Language: Structure, Use and Context
by Jae Jung SongSuitable for students of all levels, this book provides a general description of the Korean language by highlighting important structural aspects whilst keeping technical details to a minimum. By examining the Korean language in its geographical, historical, social and cultural context the reader is able to gain a good understanding of its speakers and the environment in which it is used. The book covers a range of topics on Korean including its genetic affiliation, historical development, sound patterns, writing systems, vocabulary, grammar and discourse. The text is designed to be accessible, primarily to English-speaking learners of Korean and scholars working in disciplines other than linguistics, as well as serving as a useful introduction for general linguists. The book complements Korean language textbooks used in the classroom and will be welcomed not only by readers with a wider interest in Korean studies, but also by Asian specialists in general.
Lexical Priming: A New Theory of Words and Language
by Michael HoeyLexical Priming proposes a radical new theory of the lexicon, which amounts to a completely new theory of language based on how words are used in the real world. Here they are not confined to the definitions given to them in dictionaries but instead interact with other words in common patterns of use. Using concrete statistical evidence from a corpus of newspaper English, but also referring to travel writing and literary text, the author argues that words are 'primed' for use through our experience with them, so that everything we know about a word is a product of our encounters with it. This knowledge explains how speakers of a language succeed in being fluent, creative and natural.
Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches
by Elana ShohamyPolicies concerning language use are increasingly tested in an age of frequent migration and cultural synthesis. With conflicting factors and changing political climates influencing the policy-makers, Elana Shohamy considers the effects that these policies have on the real people involved. Using examples from the US and UK, she shows how language policies are promoted and imposed, overtly and covertly, across different countries and in different contexts. Concluding with arguments for a more democratic and open approach to language policy and planning, the final note is one of optimism, suggesting strategies for resistance to language attrition and ways to protect the linguistic rights of groups and individuals.
Modern French Grammar: A Practical Guide (Modern Grammars)
by Isabelle Perez Margaret LangThis new edition of the Modern French Grammar is an innovative reference guide to French, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume. Divided into two parts, Part A covers traditional grammatical categories such as word order, nouns, verbs and adjectives and Part B is organized around language functions and notions such as: giving and seeking information describing processes and results expressing likes, dislikes and preferences. With a strong emphasis on contemporary usage, all grammar points and functions are richly illustrated with examples. Implementing feedback from users of the first edition of the Grammar, this second edition includes clearer explanations and greater emphasis on areas of particular difficulty for learners of French. This is the ideal reference grammar for learners of French at all levels, from beginner to advanced. No prior knowledge of grammatical terminology is assumed and a glossary of grammatical terms is provided. This Grammar is complemented by the Modern French Grammar Workbook Second Edition which features related exercises and activities.
Modern French Grammar Workbook (Modern Grammar Workbooks)
by Isabelle Perez Margaret LangModern French Grammar Workbook, second edition, is an innovative book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of French. The book is divided into two sections:* section 1 provides exercises based on essential grammatical structures* section 2 practises everyday functions (e.g. making introductions, apologizing, expressing needs).A comprehensive answer key at the back of the book enables you to check your progress. Taking into account feedback from the first edition, this second edition now features:* exercises graded on a 3-point scale according to their level of difficulty* cross-referencing to the Modern French Grammar, Second Edition, for each and every exercise* topical exercises that develop vocabulary.Modern French Grammar Workbook is ideal for all learners of French: beginners, intermediate and advanced students. It can be used both independently and alongside the Modern French Grammar (ISBN 0-415-33162-5).
Modern Italian Grammar Workbook (Modern Grammar Workbooks)
by Anna ProudfootThis is an innovative book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of Italian, which can be used independently or alongside Modern Italian Grammar. Divided into three sections, this highly useful text includes: exercises based on essential grammatical structures everyday functions practice such as making introductions and expressing needs realistic role plays in short scenes, set in a range of different contexts. Implementing feedback from its predecessor, this updated second edition features exercises graded on a three-point scale according to their level of difficulty and cross-referencing to the Modern Italian Grammar for each. Also containing a comprehensive answer key for checking progress, this is a complete reference work suitable for both class-use and self-study.
Georgian: A Learner's Grammar (Routledge Essential Grammars #2)
by George HewittThis second edition of Georgian: A Learner's Grammar is a completely revised and updated guide to the fascinating and most widely spoken language of the Caucasus. Presenting the language in the form of dialogues and reading passages, full attention is given to script reproduction and recognition, pronunciation, lexis and individual points of grammar. Key features include: * highlighting of verbal roots throughout* new and varied exercises for practice of verb forms* use of the new Georgian currency* examples of Georgian literature, both poetry and prose, and each with its own self-contained vocabulary * a reference section providing an answer key, a Georgian-English glossary and an index of grammatical terms. With a varied and extensive range of exercise work, this new edition provides a comprehensive and carefully graded grammar of Georgian that has been successful over a number of years of use in the classroom.
German Technical Dictionary: Universal-worterbuch Der Technik Englisch (Routledge Bilingual Specialist Dictionaries Ser.)
by RoutledgeSince its publication in 1995, the German Technical Dictionary has established itself as the definitive resource for anyone who needs to translate technical documents between German and English.This new edition has been substantially revised to reflect the technological environment of the twenty-first century. The revised edition contains over 75,000 entries, of which over 5,000 are new, with many new entries in the areas of:* the Internet and telecommunications* bio-technology and the new genetics* new developments in health technology.Throughout, this dictionary continues to benefit from the features that made the first edition so valuable, including accurate translations in British and American English and an attractive, durable and easy to use layout.
German Technical Dictionary (Volume 2)
by RoutledgeSince its publication in 1995, the German Technical Dictionary has established itself as the definitive resource for anyone who needs to translate technical documents between German and English. This new edition has been substantially revised to reflect the technological environment of the 21st century. The revised edition contains over 75,000 entries, of which over 5,000 are new, with many new entries in the areas of: * the internet and telecommunications * bio-technology and the new genetics * new developments in health technology Throughout this dictionary continues to benefit from the features that made the first edition so valuable, including accurate translations in British and American English and an attractive, durable and easy to use layout.
Romanian: An Essential Grammar (Routledge Essential Grammars)
by Ramona GönczölThis book is suitable for independent and classroom learners, ideal for the beginner to intermediate student, and takes the reader through the essentials of the language explaining each concept clearly and providing many examples of contemporary Romanian usage. The book contains: a chapter on each of the most common grammatical areas with Romanian and English examples extensive examples of the more difficult areas of the grammar an appendix listing relevant websites for further information on the Romanian language.
Thinking German Translation: Teacher's Handbook (Thinking Translation)
by Ian Higgins Sandor Hervey Michael LoughridgeThis is a comprehensive practical course in translation for advanced students of German, which focuses on improving translation quality whilst clarifying the theoretical issues involved. This second edition brings the course up-to-date, and has been fully reworked to give clearer explanations of key terms and include revised chapters on genre, compensation and revision and editing. Based on detailed analysis of translation problems, Thinking German Translation features new material taken from a wide range of sources, including: business and politics press and publicity engineering tourism literary and consumer-oriented texts. Addressing a variety of translation issues such as cultural difference, register and dialect, Thinking German Translation is essential reading for all students wishing to perfect their translation skills. It is also an excellent foundation for those considering a career in translation. Further resources, including a free teacher's handbook for the course, are available on the companion website at http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/0415341469/resources/default.asp
Basic Italian: A Grammar and Workbook (Grammar Workbooks)
by Stella Peyronnel Ian HigginsIntroducing Italian culture and people through the medium of the language used today, Basic Italian: A Grammar and Workbook provides readers with the basic tools to express themselves in a wide variety of situations. Presenting twenty-three individual grammar points in lively and realistic contexts, Basic Italian is an accessible reference grammar with related exercises in one, easy to follow volume. Each unit consists of jargon-free explanations and comparisons with English, which focus upon the more common difficulties experienced by learners of Italian. Features include: * contemporary examples in both Italian and English * grammar tables for easy reference * full exercise answer key * glossary of grammatical terms. Basic Italian is the ideal reference and practice book for beginners, as well as for students with some knowledge of the language.
Developing Writing Skills in French
by Graham Bishop Bernard HaezewindtDesigned for intermediate to advanced students, this text equips readers with the necessary skills to write confidently in French in a range of situations. Suitable for use as a classroom text or as a self-study course, it is carefully structured to ensure a better understanding of the effect of choice of words, register and style.Each chapter contains a selection of model texts, activities and clear notes on the format, style and language demonstrated. Every activity also has a model answer in the key, which also offers advice, explanations and further examples to support the student's learning. Features include:* key learning points clearly indicated at the beginning of each chapter* a rich selection of model texts from a variety of different media.Based on a well-reviewed Open University course and written by experienced teachers of the language, Developing Writing Skills in French has been trialled with non-native speakers of French to produce a valuable resource that will help students write appropriately for a variety of contexts.
Debates in ESOL Teaching and Learning: Cultures, Communities and Classrooms (New Approaches to Adult Language, Literacy and Numeracy)
by Kathy PittThis unique book provides a lively introduction to the theory and research surrounding the adult learning of English for Speakers of Other Languages. Offering a digest and discussion of current debates, the book examines a wide geographical and social spread of issues, such as: * how to understand the universal characteristics of learning an additional language* what makes a 'good' language learner* multilingualism and assumptions about monolingualism* learning the written language* the effect of recent Government immigration policy on language learning processes. As a majority of adults learning ESOL are from communities of immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers, understanding the diversity of social and personal history of learners is a critical dimension of this book. It also recognises the social pressures and tensions on the learners away from the classroom and discusses various types of classroom and language teaching methodologies. Full of practical activities and case studies, this book is essential reading for any basic skills teacher undertaking a course of professional development, from GNVQ through to post-graduate level.
Basic Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook (Grammar Workbooks)
by Irene Wilkie Carmen ArnaizPresenting twenty individual grammar points in lively and realistic contexts, Basic Spanish is an accessible reference grammar with related exercises in one, easy to follow volume. Beginning with the simpler aspects of Spanish and progressing on to more complex areas, each chapter contains grammar points that are followed by examples and exercises selected to reinforce the topic. A first-class introduction to the language, features of this practical book include: * authentic reading texts to encourage an understanding of Spain and Spanish-speaking countries * reference to Latin American usage where appropriate * abundant exercises with full answer key * glossary of grammatical terms. Clearly presented and user-friendly, Basic Spanish provides readers with the basic tools to express themselves in a wide variety of situations, making it an ideal reference and practice resource for both beginners and students with some knowledge of the language.
Intermediate Spanish: A Grammar and Workbook (Grammar Workbooks)
by Irene Wilkie Carmen ArnaizThis text is designed for learners who have achieved basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each of the units combines concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency. Features include: clear explanations of the similarities and differences in English and Spanish grammar authentic language examples from a range of contemporary media reading comprehensions at the end of each unit full cross-referencing throughout extra tips on language learning and learning specific grammar points. Suitable for students learning with or without a teacher, Intermediate Spanish, together with Basic Spanish form a structured course in the essentials of Spanish grammar.