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Mega-Bit Memory Technology - From Mega-Bit to Giga-Bit: From Mega-Bit to Giga-Bit (Japanese Technology Reviews Ser. #Vol. 32.)
by Hiroyuki TangoThis book describes LSI process technology, and focuses on the rapid progress of state-of-the-art dynamic random access memory (DRAM) process technologies—the longstanding technology driver of Si ULSI—as they advance from the 1 Kbit to the Gbit DRAM era.
Mega-Schools, Technology and Teachers: Achieving Education for All (Open and Flexible Learning Series)
by Sir John DanielEducation for All (EFA) has been a top priority for governments and intergovernmental development agencies for the last twenty years. So far the global EFA movement has placed its principal focus on providing quality universal primary education (UPE) for all children by 2015. The latest addition to The Open and Flexible Learning series, this book addresses the new challenges created by both the successes and the failures of the UPE campaign. This book advocates new approaches for providing access to secondary education for today’s rapidly growing population of children and young adults and examines: the creation and expansion of Mega-Schools, which combine distance learning and community support and have a proven track record of increasing access at scale how to prepare the ten-million new teachers that are required to achieve Education for All by 2015 by focusing on classroom-based in-service training strategies for using technology to scale up distance education cost-effectively the creation of a twenty-first century educational ecosystem that integrates open schooling and teacher education with communities and their school systems successful examples of open schools and teacher education programmes operating at scale around the world. Readers will be delighted to find that Sir John Daniel, bestselling Routledge author of Mega Universities and Knowledge Media, delivers another insightful and practical book on educational technology. Mega-Schools, Technology and Teachers will be of interest to all who are concerned by the central educational challenge of our times: providing secondary education to tens of millions of young people around the world.
Mega-universities and Knowledge Media (Open And Distance Learning Ser.)
by Daniel, John (Vice Chancellor, Open University)A discussion of how the knowledge media can contribute to the renewal of universities, particularly through the development of distance education. It looks at universities which have risen to the challenges of cost and accessibility using technology.
MegaBite (EDGE: I HERO: Megahero #5)
by Steve Skidmore Steve BarlowTake on the role of a shape-shifting MEGAHERO in this fully interactive, wacky, choose-your-own-destiny adventure story.You and your mega-computer sidekick, PAL, must save the world from MegaBite - an ultra-skilled and not-very-nice computer hacker. The evil genius has built a web of scams online - can you possibly morph into the right shapes to unravel his coordinated cyber attacks?? Written by the award-winning duo Steve Barlow and Steve Skidmore (AKA the 2STEVES) and illustrated by the hilarious Pipi Sposito. Reading age from 6 to 8 years old. Interest range from 7 to 10 years old - suitable for reluctant readers and less confident older readers. Printed using a font approved by the British Dyslexia Association.Read and laugh along with the whole series!October 2020I HERO: MegaHero: Sushi Man - 9781445169477I HERO: MegaHero: Professor Weird - 9781445170039November 2020I HERO: MegaHero: DinoSaw - 9781445170084I HERO: MegaHero: Miss Take - 9781445170091December 2020I HERO: MegaHero: MegaBite - 9781445170121I HERO: MegaHero: Queen of Hearts - 9781445170152
Meganets: How Digital Forces Beyond Our Control Commandeer Our Daily Lives and Inner Realities
by David B. AuerbachHow the autonomous digital forces jolting our lives – as uncontrollable as the weather and plate tectonics – are transforming life, society, culture, and politics.David Auerbach&’s exploration of the phenomenon he has identified as the meganet begins with a simple, startling revelation: There is no hand on the tiller of some of the largest global digital forces that influence our daily lives: from corporate sites such as Facebook, Amazon, Google, YouTube, Instagram, and Reddit to the burgeoning metaverse encompassing cryptocurrencies and online gaming to government systems such as China&’s Social Credit System and India&’s Aadhaar.As we increasingly integrate our society, culture and politics within a hyper-networked fabric, Auerbach explains how the interactions of billions of people with unfathomably large online networks have produced a new sort of beast: ever-changing systems that operate beyond the control of the individuals, companies, and governments that created them.Meganets, Auerbach explains, have a life of their own, actively resisting attempts to control them as they accumulate data and produce spontaneous, unexpected social groups and uprisings that could not have even existed twenty years ago. And they constantly modify themselves in response to user behavior, resulting in collectively authored algorithms none of us intend or control. These enormous invisible organisms exerting great force on our lives are the new minds of the world, increasingly commandeering our daily lives and inner realities.Auerbach&’s analysis of these gargantuan opaque digital forces yield important insights such as:The conventional wisdom that the Googles and Facebook of this world are tightly run algorithmic entities is a myth. No one is really in control.The efforts at reform - to get lies and misinformation off meganets - run into a brick wall because the companies and executives who run them are trapped by the persistent, evolving, and opaque systems they have created.Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are uncontrollable and their embrace by elite financial institutions threatens the entire economyWe are asking the wrong questions in assuming that if only the Facebooks of this world could be better regulated or broken up that they would be better, more ethical citizens.Why questions such as making algorithms fair and bias-free and whether AI can be a tool for good or evil are wrong and misinformedAuerbach then comes full circle, showing that while we cannot ultimately control meganets we can tame them through the counterintuitive measures he describes in detail.
Megaphone Bureaucracy: Speaking Truth to Power in the Age of the New Normal
by Dennis C. GrubeA revealing look at how today’s bureaucrats are finding their public voice in the era of 24-hour mediaOnce relegated to the anonymous back rooms of democratic debate, our bureaucratic leaders are increasingly having to govern under the scrutiny of a 24-hour news cycle, hyperpartisan political oversight, and a restless populace that is increasingly distrustful of the people who govern them. Megaphone Bureaucracy reveals how today’s civil servants are finding a voice of their own as they join elected politicians on the public stage and jockey for advantage in the persuasion game of modern governance.In this timely and incisive book, Dennis Grube draws on in-depth interviews and compelling case studies from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand to describe how senior bureaucrats are finding themselves drawn into political debates they could once avoid. Faced with a political climate where polarization and media spin are at an all-time high, these modern mandarins negotiate blame games and manage contradictory expectations in the glare of an unforgiving spotlight. Grube argues that in this fiercely divided public square a new style of bureaucratic leadership is emerging, one that marries the robust independence of Washington agency heads with the prudent political neutrality of Westminster civil servants. These “Washminster” leaders do not avoid the public gaze, nor do they overtly court political controversy. Rather, they use their increasingly public pulpits to exert their own brand of persuasive power.Megaphone Bureaucracy shows how today’s senior bureaucrats are making their voices heard by embracing a new style of communication that brings with it great danger but also great opportunity.
Mein Jahr ohne Hosen: Überall auf der welt von zu hause aus arbeiten
by Scott BerkunLernen Sie eine Arbeitswelt kennen, die Sie so vermutlich noch nicht erlebt haben! Scott Berkun leitete ein Jahr lang ein junges, innovatives Team bei WordPress. Was er dort erlebte, widersprach seinen bisherigen Erfahrungen völlig. Büroräume? Feste Arbeitszeiten? Klare Regeln? Meetings? Fehlanzeige! Ob im Homeo_ ce, im Café oder in der Hängematte, seine Kollegen konnten von überall auf der Welt virtuell zusammenarbeiten. Sie glauben, das geht nicht? Dass es funktioniert, zeigt MEIN JAHR OHNE HOSEN. Obwohl sich das Team manchmal monatelang nicht einmal auf demselben Kontinent aufhielt, war der Zusammenhalt so gut wie in wenigen Unternehmen. Dass WordPress die weltweit erfolgreichste Blogsoftware ist und un aufhörlich wächst, bestätigt außerdem dieses neue Konzept des Arbeitens. »Mein Jahr ohne Hosen ist eines der originellsten und wichtigsten Bücher, das je darüber geschrieben wurde, was Arbeit wirklich ist und was notwendig ist, um gute Arbeit zu leisten.« Robert Sutton, Professor an der Stanford University und Autor der New York Times Bestseller Der Arschloch-Faktor und Der Chef-Faktor »Wenn Sie Ihre Ansichten über Unternehmergeist, Management oder das Leben generell ändern wollen, dann lesen Sie dieses Buch.« Tim Ferriss, Autor des New York Times Bestsellers Die 4-Stunden-Woche
Meine digitale Sicherheit für Dummies (Für Dummies)
by Matteo Grosse-Kampmann Chris WojzechowskiDigital einfach besser geschützt! Wie Sie Ihre Daten zuhause und im Internet vor Betrügern schützen, vermittelt Ihnen dieses Buch. Sichere Passwörter, Browser, Online-Banking, Schutz Ihres Heimnetzwerks und Ihrer Endgeräte, Backups wichtiger Daten oder deren Wiederherstellung: Leicht verständlich und systematisch lernen Sie, sich digital zu schützen. Sie erfahren, welche menschlichen Eigenschaften Angreifer ausnutzen, um beim Phishing oder anderen Angriffen erfolgreich zu sein. Mit konkreten Schutzmaßnahmen für alle gängigen Betrugsmaschen und technischen Schutzvorkehrungen sind Sie ab sofort gewappnet. Sie erfahren Alles über zentrale Grundlagen der digitalen Sicherheit Welche Betrugsmaschen es gibt und wie Sie sich schützen Wie Sie Ihre Daten, Ihr Netzwerk und Ihre Endgeräte absichern Wie Sie sich zum Beispiel bei Bankgeschäften online wirklich sicher bewegen
Meine digitale Sicherheit Tipps und Tricks für Dummies (Für Dummies)
by Matteo Grosse-Kampmann Chris WojzechowskiIdentitätsdiebstahl, Schadsoftware auf dem Rechner, Phishing-Mail? Wir wissen alle, welche Gefahren uns im digitalen Alltag drohen und doch verschließen wir oft die Augen davor. Dieses Buch zeigt Ihnen, warum eine skeptische Grundhaltung vonnöten ist und wie Sie pragmatisch und mit so wenig Zeitaufwand wie möglich wichtige Schutzmaßnahmen für sich und Ihre Familie ergreifen. Pflegen Sie Ihre Accounts, finden Sie sichere Online-Anbieter und erkennen Sie Spam- und Phishingmails auf einen Blick. Damit Sie nachts besser schlafen können.
Membrane Computing: 21st International Conference, CMC 2020, Virtual Event, September 14–18, 2020, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12687)
by Rudolf Freund Tseren-Onolt Ishdorj Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio ZandronThis book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Membrane Computing, CMC 2020, held as a virtual event, in September 2020. The 10 full papers presented were selected from 31 submissions. The papers deal with all aspects on membrane computing and related areas.
Membrane Computing
by Marian Gheorghe Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio ZandronPart of the broader research field of natural computing, Membrane Computing is an area within computing science that aims to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher orderstructures. It studies models of computation (known as P systems) inspired by the biochemistry of cells, in particular by the role of membranes in the compartmentalization of living cells into "protected reactors". This handbook provides both a comprehensive survey of available knowledge and established research topics, and a guide to recent developments in the field, covering the subject from theory to applications. The handbook is suitable both for introducing novices to this area of research, and as a mainsource of reference for active researchers. It sets out the necessary biological and formal background, with the introductory chapter serving as a gentle introduction to and overview of membrane computing. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers in membrane computing, present the stateof the art of all main research trends and include extensive bibliographies.
Membrane Computing: 19th International Conference, CMC 2018, Dresden, Germany, September 4–7, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11399)
by Thomas Hinze Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio ZandronThis book constitutes revised selected papers from the 19th International Conference on Membrane Computing (CMC19), CMC 2018, which was held in Dresden, Germany, in September 2018. The 15 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. The contributions aim to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and the functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher order structures.
Membrane Computing
by Alberto Leporati Grzegorz Rozenberg Arto Salomaa Claudio ZandronPart of the broader research field of natural computing, Membrane Computing is an area within computing science that aims to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher order structures. This handbook provides both a comprehensive survey of available knowledge and established research topics, and a guide to recent developments in the field, covering thesubject from theory to applications. The handbook is suitable both for introducing novices to this area of research, and as a main source of reference for active researchers. It sets out the necessary biological and formal background, with the introductory chapter serving as a gentle introduction toand overview of membrane computing. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers in membrane computing, present the state of the art of all main r`search trends and include extensive bibliographies.
Membrane Computing Models: Implementations
by Marian Gheorghe Gexiang Zhang Sergey Verlan Agustín Riscos-Núñez Thomas Hinze Mario J. Pérez-Jiménez Savas KonurThe theoretical basis of membrane computing was established in the early 2000s with fundamental research into the computational power, complexity aspects and relationships with other (un)conventional computing paradigms. Although this core theoretical research has continued to grow rapidly and vigorously, another area of investigation has since been added, focusing on the applications of this model in many areas, most prominently in systems and synthetic biology, engineering optimization, power system fault diagnosis and mobile robot controller design. The further development of these applications and their broad adoption by other researchers, as well as the expansion of the membrane computing modelling paradigm to other applications, call for a set of robust, efficient, reliable and easy-to-use tools supporting the most significant membrane computing models. This work provides comprehensive descriptions of such tools, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in membrane computing models.
Membrane Filtration
by Greg FoleyFocusing on the application of membranes in an engineering context, this hands-on computational guide makes previously challenging problems routine. It formulates problems as systems of equations solved with MATLAB, encouraging active learning through worked examples and end-of-chapter problems. The detailed treatments of dead-end filtration include novel approaches to constant rate filtration and filtration with a centrifugal pump. The discussion of crossflow microfiltration includes the use of kinetic and force balance models. Comprehensive coverage of ultrafiltration and diafiltration processes employs both limiting flux and osmotic pressure models. The effect of fluid viscosity on the mass transfer coefficient is explored in detail, the effects of incomplete rejection on the design and analysis of ultrafiltration and diafiltration are analysed, and quantitative treatments of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration process analysis and design are explored. Includes a chapter dedicated to the modelling of membrane fouling.
Meme di barzellette divertenti di Fortnite Battle Royale Epic
by Joke FactoryOttieni l’accesso istantaneo alle più divertenti barzellette di Fortnite! Stai per scoprire le più divertenti battute di Fortnite di sempre. Questo libro è ricco di alcune delle barzellette più divertenti di Fortnite. Scopri gli argomenti più popolari di Epic Games insieme a scherzi e meme sciocchi, ridicoli e semplicemente esilaranti su di loro! Scarica la tua copia istantaneamente! Acquista oggi e scopri tutte le barzellette più popolari per Fortnite!
Memes in Digital Culture: In Digital Culture (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)
by Limor ShifmanTaking “Gangnam Style” seriously: what Internet memes can tell us about digital culture.In December 2012, the exuberant video “Gangnam Style” became the first YouTube clip to be viewed more than one billion times. Thousands of its viewers responded by creating and posting their own variations of the video—“Mitt Romney Style,” “NASA Johnson Style,” “Egyptian Style,” and many others. “Gangnam Style” (and its attendant parodies, imitations, and derivations) is one of the most famous examples of an Internet meme: a piece of digital content that spreads quickly around the web in various iterations and becomes a shared cultural experience. In this book, Limor Shifman investigates Internet memes and what they tell us about digital culture. Shifman discusses a series of well-known Internet memes—including “Leave Britney Alone,” the pepper-spraying cop, LOLCats, Scumbag Steve, and Occupy Wall Street's “We Are the 99 Percent.” She offers a novel definition of Internet memes: digital content units with common characteristics, created with awareness of each other, and circulated, imitated, and transformed via the Internet by many users. She differentiates memes from virals; analyzes what makes memes and virals successful; describes popular meme genres; discusses memes as new modes of political participation in democratic and nondemocratic regimes; and examines memes as agents of globalization. Memes, Shifman argues, encapsulate some of the most fundamental aspects of the Internet in general and of the participatory Web 2.0 culture in particular. Internet memes may be entertaining, but in this book Limor Shifman makes a compelling argument for taking them seriously.
Memes to Movements: How the World's Most Viral Media Is Changing Social Protest and Power
by An Xiao MinaA global exploration of internet memes as agents of pop culture, politics, protest, and propaganda on- and offline, and how they will save or destroy us all.Memes are the street art of the social web. Using social media-driven movements as her guide, technologist and digital media scholar An Xiao Mina unpacks the mechanics of memes and how they operate to reinforce, amplify, and shape today's politics. She finds that the "silly" stuff of meme culture--the photo remixes, the selfies, the YouTube songs, and the pun-tastic hashtags--are fundamentally intertwined with how we find and affirm one another, direct attention to human rights and social justice issues, build narratives, and make culture. Mina finds parallels, for example, between a photo of Black Lives Matter protestors in Ferguson, Missouri, raising their hands in a gesture of resistance and one from eight thousand miles away, in Hong Kong, of Umbrella Movement activists raising yellow umbrellas as they fight for voting rights. She shows how a viral video of then presidential nominee Donald Trump laid the groundwork for pink pussyhats, a meme come to life as the widely recognized symbol for the international Women's March.Crucially, Mina reveals how, in parts of the world where public dissent is downright dangerous, memes can belie contentious political opinions that would incur drastic consequences if expressed outright. Activists in China evade censorship by critiquing their government with grass mud horse pictures online. Meanwhile, governments and hate groups are also beginning to utilize memes to spread propaganda, xenophobia, and misinformation. Botnets and state-sponsored agents spread them to confuse and distract internet communities. On the long, winding road from innocuous cat photos, internet memes have become a central practice for political contention and civic engagement.Memes to Movements unveils the transformative power of memes, for better and for worse. At a time when our movements are growing more complex and open-ended--when governments are learning to wield the internet as effectively as protestors--Mina brings a fresh and sharply innovative take to the media discourse.
Memetic Computation: The Mainspring Of Knowledge Transfer In The Data-driven Optimization Era (Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization #21)
by Abhishek Gupta Yew-Soon OngThis book bridges the widening gap between two crucial constituents of computational intelligence: the rapidly advancing technologies of machine learning in the digital information age, and the relatively slow-moving field of general-purpose search and optimization algorithms. With this in mind, the book serves to offer a data-driven view of optimization, through the framework of memetic computation (MC). The authors provide a summary of the complete timeline of research activities in MC – beginning with the initiation of memes as local search heuristics hybridized with evolutionary algorithms, to their modern interpretation as computationally encoded building blocks of problem-solving knowledge that can be learned from one task and adaptively transmitted to another. In the light of recent research advances, the authors emphasize the further development of MC as a simultaneous problem learning and optimization paradigm with the potential to showcase human-like problem-solving prowess; that is, by equipping optimization engines to acquire increasing levels of intelligence over time through embedded memes learned independently or via interactions. In other words, the adaptive utilization of available knowledge memes makes it possible for optimization engines to tailor custom search behaviors on the fly – thereby paving the way to general-purpose problem-solving ability (or artificial general intelligence). In this regard, the book explores some of the latest concepts from the optimization literature, including, the sequential transfer of knowledge across problems, multitasking, and large-scale (high dimensional) search, systematically discussing associated algorithmic developments that align with the general theme of memetics. The presented ideas are intended to be accessible to a wide audience of scientific researchers, engineers, students, and optimization practitioners who are familiar with the commonly used terminologies of evolutionary computation. A full appreciation of the mathematical formalizations and algorithmic contributions requires an elementary background in probability, statistics, and the concepts of machine learning. A prior knowledge of surrogate-assisted/Bayesian optimization techniques is useful, but not essential.
Memetic War: Online Resistance in Ukraine (Routledge Studies in Crime and Society)
by Tine MunkMemetic War analyses memetic warfare included in cyber war and aims to develop a framework for understanding the parameters included in utilising this concept in Ukraine as a part of civic resistance.In the Ukrainian war, an informal defence tactic has developed to uphold the information flow about the war and to debunk Russia’s communications. The war has enhanced the visibility of governmental and civic activation by using the advantages of social media architecture, networks, and communication forms. The book investigates Ukraine’s public and private abilities to develop cyber capabilities to counter propaganda and dis-and-misinformation online as a defence mechanism. This book uses military ROC doctrine to understand government authorities, the armed forces, and civic engagement in the Ukrainian resistance.Memetic War will have relevance for scholars, researchers, and academics in the cybersecurity field, practitioners, governmental actors, and military and strategic personnel.
Memory Allocation Problems in Embedded Systems: Optimization Methods
by Maria Soto Marc Sevaux André Rossi Johann LaurentEmbedded systems are everywhere in contemporary life and are supposed to make our lives more comfortable. In industry, embedded systems are used to manage and control complex systems (e.g. nuclear power plants, telecommunications and flight control) and they are also taking an important place in our daily activities (e.g. smartphones, security alarms and traffic lights). In the design of embedded systems, memory allocation and data assignment are among the main challenges that electronic designers have to face. In fact, they impact heavily on the main cost metrics (power consumption, performance and area) in electronic devices. Thus designers of embedded systems have to pay careful attention in order to minimize memory requirements, thus improving memory throughput and limiting the power consumption by the system’s memory. Electronic designers attempt to minimize memory requirements with the aim of lowering the overall system costs. A state of the art of optimization techniques for memory management and data assignment is presented in this book.
Memory and Action Selection in Human-Machine Interaction
by Munéo KitajimaThe first goal of this book is to extend Two Minds originating from behavioral economics to the domain of interaction, where the time dimension has to be dealt with rigorously; in human-machine interaction, it is of crucial importance how synchronization between conscious processes and unconscious processes is established for a sense of smoothness, and how memory processes and action selection processes are coordinated. The first half this book describes the theory in detail. The book begins by outlining the whole view of the theory consisting of action selection processes and memorization processes, and their interactions. Then, a detailed description for action selection processes theorized as a nonlinear dynamic human behavior model with real-time constraints is provided, followed by a description for memorization processes. Also, implications of the theory to human-machine interactions are discussed. The second goal of this book is to provide a methodology to study how Two Minds works in practice when people use interactive systems. The latter half of this book describes theory practices in detail. A new methodology called Cognitive Chrono-Ethnography (CCE) is introduced, which adds the time dimension to Hutchins' Cognitive Ethnography, in order to practice "know the users" systematically by designing user studies based on a simulation of users' mental operations controlled by Two Minds. The author then shows how CCE has been applied to understanding the ways in which people navigate in real physical environments by walking and by car, respectively, and explores the possibility of applying CCE to predict people's future needs. This is not for understanding how people use interfaces at present but to predict how people want to use the interfaces in the future given they are currently using them in a certain way Finally, the book concludes by describing implications of human-machine interactions that are carried out while using modern artefacts for people's cognitive development from birth, on the basis of the theories of action selection and memorization.
Memory and Technology: How We Use Information in the Brain and the World
by Jason R. Finley Farah Naaz Francine W. GohHow is technology changing the way people remember? This book explores the interplay of memory stored in the brain (internal memory) and outside of the brain (external memory), providing a thorough interdisciplinary review of the current literature, including relevant theoretical frameworks from across a variety of disciplines in the sciences, arts, and humanities. It also presents the findings of a rich and novel empirical data set, based on a comprehensive survey on the shifting interplay of internal and external memory in the 21st century. Results reveal a growing symbiosis between the two forms of memory in our everyday lives.The book presents a new theoretical framework for understanding the interplay of internal and external memory, and their complementary strengths. It concludes with a guide to important dimensions, questions, and methods for future research.Memory and Technology will be of interest to researchers, professors, and students across the disciplines of psychology, philosophy, library and information science, human factors, media and cultural studies, anthropology and archaeology, photography, and cognitive rehabilitation, as well as anyone interested in how technology is affecting human memory._____ "This is a novel book, with interesting and valuable data on an important, meaningful topic, as well as a gathering of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary ideas...The research is accurately represented and inclusive. As a teaching tool, I can envision graduate seminars in different disciplines drawing on the material as the basis for teaching and discussions." Dr. Linda A. Henkel, Fairfield University "This book documents the achievements of a vibrant scientific project – you feel the enthusiasm of the authors for their research. The organization of the manuscript introduces the reader into a comparatively new field the same way as pioneering authors have approached it." Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schönpflug, Freie Universität Berlin
Memory-Based Logic Synthesis
by Tsutomu SasaoThis book describes the synthesis of logic functions using memories. It is useful to design field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) that contain both small-scale memories, called look-up tables (LUTs), and medium-scale memories, called embedded memories. This is a valuable reference for both FPGA system designers and CAD tool developers, concerned with logic synthesis for FPGAs.
Memory Bytes
by Lauren RabinovitzDigital culture is often characterized as radically breaking with past technologies, practices, and ideologies rather than as reflecting or incorporating them. Memory Bytes seeks to counter such ahistoricism, arguing for the need to understand digital culture--and its social, political, and ethical ramifications--in historical and philosophical context. Looking at a broad range of technologies, including photography, print and digital media, heat engines, stereographs, and medical imaging, the contributors present a number of different perspectives from which to reflect on the nature of media change. While foregrounding the challenges of drawing comparisons across varied media and eras, Memory Bytes explores how technologies have been integrated into society at different moments in time. These essays from scholars in the social sciences and humanities cover topics related to science and medicine, politics and war, mass communication, philosophy, film, photography, and art. Whether describing how the cultural and legal conflicts over player piano rolls prefigured controversies over the intellectual property status of digital technologies such as mp3 files; comparing the experiences of watching QuickTime movies to Joseph Cornell's "boxed relic" sculptures of the 1930s and 1940s; or calling for a critical history of electricity from the Enlightenment to the present, Memory Bytes investigates the interplay of technology and culture. It relates the Information Age to larger and older political and cultural phenomena, analyzes how sensory effects have been technologically produced over time, considers how human subjectivity has been shaped by machines, and emphasizes the dependence of particular technologies on the material circumstances within which they were developed and used. Contributors. Judith Babbitts, Scott Curtis, Ronald E. Day, David Depew, Abraham Geil, Sharon Ghamari-Tabrizi, Lisa Gitelman, N. Katherine Hayles, John Durham Peters, Lauren Rabinovitz, Laura Rigal, Vivian Sobchack, Thomas Swiss