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Curriculum for Wales: Science for 11-14 years: Pupil Book 2
by Richard Grimmer Andrea Coates Michelle Austin Mark EdwardsInspire a new generation of capable and curious scientists.This book will help build pupils' understanding through clear explanations, practicals and skills-based activities, ensuring that they're ready for the next step in their learning and promoting a sense of cynefin through examples and contexts from all around Wales.- Improve working scientifically skills and prepare students for future lab work with practical skills and suggested activities highlighted throughout- Guide pupils through the trickier maths and literacy skills with key term definitions and worked examples with step-by-step solutions- Support a holistic approach with links between the 'what matters' statements in the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience (AoLE)- Boost progress using summaries to recap prior knowledge, alongside 'Check your understanding' questions to embed understanding- Develop pupils' curiosity and interest in science with historical context and examples, including many from across Wales
Curriculum for Wales: Science for 11-14 years: Pupil Book 1
by Richard Grimmer Michelle Austin Andrea Coates Dr Mark Matthews Dr Simon Broadley David Johnston James LewisInspire a new generation of capable and curious scientists.This book will help build pupils' understanding through clear explanations, practicals and skills-based activities, ensuring that they're ready for the next step in their learning and promoting a sense of cynefin through examples and contexts from all around Wales.- Improve working scientifically skills and prepare students for future lab work with practical skills and suggested activities highlighted throughout- Guide pupils through the trickier maths and literacy skills with key term definitions and worked examples with step-by-step solutions- Support a holistic approach with links between the 'what matters' statements in the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience (AoLE)- Boost progress using summaries to recap prior knowledge, alongside 'Check your understanding' questions to embed understanding- Develop pupils' curiosity and interest in science with historical context and examples, including many from across Wales
Curricula for Sustainability in Higher Education (Management and Industrial Engineering)
by J. Paulo DavimThis books presents the curricula necessary for sustainability in higher education. It shows how the learning process is transforming in order to promote sustainability. It prepares administrators, teachers and students to diffuse the development in the field, showing a curricula based on three interconnected pillars: the environment, the economic and the social aspects. It contains 8 chapters introducing research advances in the field.
Current Trends of Surface Science and Catalysis
by Jeong Young ParkThis unique book covers the latest surface science studies on model catalysts, including single crystals, non-colloidal nanocatalysts, and nanoparticles in various forms with the control of size, shape and composition. This book addresses the issue of bridging "materials and pressure gaps" and also discusses the important issue of metal-oxide interface and hot electron flows in heterogeneous catalysis. The current development of in-situ surface techniques that is relevant to bridging "pressure gaps" is also highlighted.
Current Trends in the Representation of Physical Processes in Weather and Climate Models (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
by David A. Randall J. Srinivasan Ravi S. Nanjundiah Parthasarathi MukhopadhyayThis book focuses on the development of physical parameterization over the last 2 to 3 decades and provides a roadmap for its future development. It covers important physical processes: convection, clouds, radiation, land-surface, and the orographic effect. The improvement of numerical models for predicting weather and climate at a variety of places and times has progressed globally. However, there are still several challenging areas, which need to be addressed with a better understanding of physical processes based on observations, and to subsequently be taken into account by means of improved parameterization. And this is all the more important since models are increasingly being used at higher horizontal and vertical resolutions. Encouraging debate on the cloud-resolving approach or the hybrid approach with parameterized convection and grid-scale cloud microphysics and its impact on models’ intrinsic predictability, the book offers a motivating reference guide for all researchers whose work involves physical parameterization problems and numerical models.
Current Trends in the Diagnosis and Management of Metabolic Disorders
by Seth Kwabena AmponsahEmmanuel Kwaku OforiYashwant V. PathakThis volume provides an overview of the biochemical basis of metabolic diseases and molecular basis of chemical pathologies. Metabolic disorders occur when metabolic processes in the body are disrupted. They contribute a significant burden to human health globally. They can be congenital or acquired, for example, diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, osteopenia, mild-moderate hypovitaminosis D, erectile dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and thyroiditis. Metabolic disorders have gained significant importance due to the exponential increase in obesity worldwide. Early diagnosis of metabolic disorders is important in order to employ lifestyle and risk factor modification. Features: An overview of the biochemical basis of metabolic diseases and molecular basis of chemical pathologies Describes recent trends in diagnosis of metabolic disorders Discusses management and treatment of metabolic diseases Allows quick identification and retrieval of material by researchers learning the efficacy, associated dosage and toxicity of each of the classes of compounds Suitable globally for graduate and postgraduate students studying metabolic diseases
Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices (Fungal Biology #0)
by Vijai Kumar Gupta Pradeep Kumar Ajay Kumar Tiwari Madhu KamlePlant diseases play an important role on our daily lives. Most of plant diseases are visible and are caused by biotic and/or abiotic factors. Symptoms are usually the results of a morphological change, alteration or damage to plant tissue and/or cells due to an interference of the plant's metabolism. All basic structures of vascular plants are subject to attack by pathogens. The failure in accurate disease diagnosis and management may lead to huge losses in plant production and related commodities, which causes nutritional food scarcity. Typically, the appearance of a biotic symptom will indicate the relatively late stage of an infection and/or colonization of a pathogen. Expert detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely management play a significant role in keeping plants free from pathogens. In this book expert scholars share their research knowledge and key literature which are vital toward the diagnosis of plant diseases across the globe, addressing traditional plant pathology techniques, as well as advanced molecular diagnostic approach.
Current Trends in Philosophy of Science: A Prospective for the Near Future (Synthese Library #462)
by Wenceslao J. GonzalezThis book seeks to provide new perspectives, to broaden the field of philosophy of science, or to renew themes that have had a great impact on the profession. Thus, after an initial chapter to situate the current trends in philosophy of science and the prospective of the near future, it offers contributions in five thematic blocks: I) Philosophy of Medicine and Climate Change; II) Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet; III) New Analyses of Probability and the Use of Mathematics in Practice; IV) Scientific Progress Revisited; and V) Scientific Realism and the Instrumentalist Alternative. Within this framework, the volume addresses such relevant issues as the methodological validity of medical evidence or decision making in situations of uncertainty; recent advances in Artificial Intelligence and the future of the Internet; current forms of empirically based methodological pluralism and new ways of understanding mathematics with scientific practice; and the revision of the approaches to scientific progress based on the experiences accumulated in recent decades.
Current Trends in Mineral-Based Products and Utilization of Wastes: Prospects and Challenges of Mineral Based Products and Utilization of Wastes for the ‘Make in India’ Initiative, Nagpur November 10–11, 2022 (Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences)
by Kirtikumar Randive Ashok Kumar Nandi Pradeep Kumar Jain Sanjeevani JawadandMinerals are essential commodities for the growth of mankind, and all the progress of humanity owes unequivocally to minerals. However, winning minerals through mining has always been cursed, and mankind has paid a heavy price for mining in the form of great loss of flora and fauna and unprecedented impact on the environment. Notwithstanding any arguments either in favor or against, one cannot deny that for the progression, advancement, and security of nations mining is indispensable, compulsory, and unavoidable trade. It is in the best interest of every stakeholder; a sustainable approach to mining must be adopted. Sustainability has many dimensions, two most important being: the optimum utilization of mined-out materials and creating value-added products from the mining wastes. Taking a cue from this, an international seminar was organized on “Prospects and Challenges of Mineral Based Products and Utilization of Wastes for the ‘Make in India’ Initiative” at Hotel Radisson Blu from 10–12 November 2022. The conference was attended by about 120 delegates from all over India. This book is a compilation of selected papers presented during the conference, broadly divided into the following groups: (a) rare earth elements, (b) ferrous minerals, (c) non-ferrous minerals, (d) industrial minerals, (e) waste utilization and valorization and (f) other significant contributions. Written by experts and edited by academicians and technocrats, this book promises to be a valuable and essential reading for professionals, researchers, as well as students.
Current Trends in Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture (Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology)
by Ajar Nath Yadav Joginder Singh Chhatarpal Singh Neelam YadavMicrobial biotechnology is an emerging field with applications in a broad range of sectors involving food security, human nutrition, plant protection and overall basic research in the agricultural sciences. The environment has been sustaining the burden of mankind from time immemorial, and our indiscriminate use of its resources has led to the degradation of the climate, loss of soil fertility, and the need for sustainable strategies. The major focus in the coming decades will be on achieving a green and clean environment by utilizing soil and plant-associated beneficial microbial communities. Plant-microbe interactions include the association of microbes with plant systems: epiphytic, endophytic and rhizospheric. The microbes associated with plant ecosystems play an important role in plant growth, development, and soil health. Moreover, soil and plant microbiomes help to promote plant growth, either directly or indirectly by means of plant growth-promoting mechanisms, e.g. the release of plant growth regulators; solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc; biological nitrogen fixation; or by producing siderophores, ammonia, HCN and other secondary metabolites. These beneficial microbial communities represent a novel and promising solution for agro-environmental sustainability by providing biofertilizers, bioprotectants, and biostimulants, in addition to mitigating various types of abiotic stress in plants. This book focuses on plant-microbe interactions; the biodiversity of soil and plant microbiomes; and their role in plant growth and soil health. Accordingly, it will be immensely useful to readers working in the biological sciences, especially microbiologists, biochemists and microbial biotechnologists.
Current Trends in Landscape Research (Innovations in Landscape Research)
by Lothar Mueller Frank EulensteinThis book presents definitions, key concepts and projects in landscape research and related areas, such as landscape science and landscape ecology, addressing and characterising the international role, status, challenges, future and tools of landscape research in the globalised world of the 21st century. The book brings together views on landscapes from leading international teams and emerging authors from different scientific disciplines and regions of the globe. It describes approaches for achieving sustainability and for handling the multifunctionality of landscapes and includes international case studies demonstrating the great potential of landscape research to provide partial sustainable solutions while developing cultural landscapes and protecting semi-natural landscapes. It is intended for scientists from various disciplines as well as informed readers dealing with landscape policies, planning, evolvement, management, stewardship and conservation.
Current Trends in Immunity and Respiratory Infections (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1108)
by Mieczyslaw PokorskiThe purpose of this book is to disseminate and deliberate on the latest knowledge concerning immunity and its role in protection and fight against microorganism invasion. The articles tackle both humoral and cellular immunity, and their interconnectivity. The former involves B cells that recognize invading pathogens and create the antibody-mediated response, which when memorized provides future immunity. The latter involves mostly T cells, exemplified by cytotoxic or killer cell destroying the pathogens, or helper cells stimulating B cells to produce antibodies to bind and neutralize the pathogens. T cells act through release of cytokines, interleukins, and other bioactive mediators. Neutrophils play a key role in innate immunity against bacterial infections. The process of NETosis is a recently unraveled sophisticated defense mechanism, consisting of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps that catch, immobilize, and remove pathogens from the body. Dysfunction of immunity is indisputably conducive to the propensity for infections, particularly respiratory tract infections, as the airways are the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt to avoid detection by the immune system. The case in point is the influenza virus. The articles report on the epidemiology, diagnostics, serology, complications, and the process of acquired immunity due to vaccination against influenza and influenza-like infections in recent epidemic seasons. The book is a blend of medical research and practice. It is intended for academic scientists, research scholars, clinicians, family doctors, and healthcare professionals.
Current Trends in Green Nano-emulsions: Food, Agriculture and Biomedical Sectors (Smart Nanomaterials Technology)
by Azamal Husen Rakesh Kumar Bachheti Archana BachhetiThis book gives a complete overview of current developments on the green synthesis and extraction of nano-emulsions for numerous uses in food, agriculture, biomedical, and cosmetics sectors. In the food and agriculture section, the book demonstrates the use of nano-emulsions to deliver nutraceuticals, coloring, and flavoring agents, in the development of biodegradable coating, improving the quality of packing films and enhancing the shelf life and nutritional value of foods. It also shows that nano-emulsions are very good for pesticides formulation where it enhances the solubility of poorly water-soluble pesticides, resulting in increased pesticide bioactivity compared to conventional pesticides. In the biomedicine applications section, the chapters show that nano-emulsion can dissolve hydrophobic drugs and is used as a drug delivery system for many cancers treatment such as lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver, and gastric cancer. Also, nano-emulsions are an excellent candidate for encapsulating drugs or imaging probes for targeted delivery and immunotherapy. This book caters to scientists, researchers, and students interested in nanotechnology, nanomedicine, environmental science, plant science, agriculture, chemistry, biotechnology, pharmacognosy, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemistry, and many other interdisciplinary subjects.
Current Trends in Geotechnical Engineering and Construction: Proceedings of 3ICGE-Iraq 2022
by Mahdi Karkush Deepankar Choudhury Jie HanThis book contains selected articles from the third International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq 2022 (3ICGE-2022) held on May 29–31, 2022, at the University of Baghdad/Baghdad/Iraq. This proceeding discusses the latest research and studies in geotechnical engineering and all related topics in different fields such as civil engineering, environmental engineering, and architectural engineering. This book gives participants from both academics and industry a great chance to learn about recent developments in Geotechnical engineering fields.
Current Trends in Friction Stir Welding: An Overview And Case Studies (Structural Integrity Ser. #6)
by Mamookho Elizabeth Makhatha Esther Titilayo Akinlabi Mukuna Patrick MubiayiThis book provides an overview of friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding with a focus on aluminium to aluminium and aluminium to copper. It also discusses experimental results for friction stir spot welding between aluminium and copper, offering a good foundation for researchers wishing to conduct more investigations on FSSW Al/Cu. Presenting full methodologies for manufacturing and case studies on FSSW Al/Cu, which can be duplicated and used for industrial purposes, it also provides a starting point for researchers and experts in the field to investigate the FSSW process in detail. A variant of the friction stir welding process (FSW), friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a relatively new joining technique and has been used in a variety of sectors, such as the automotive and aerospace industries. The book describes the microstructural evolution, chemical and mechanical properties of FSW and FSSW, including a number of case studies.
Current Trends in Economics, Business and Sustainability: Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Business and Sustainability (ICEBS 2023) (Contributions to Environmental Sciences & Innovative Business Technology)
by J. Aloysius Edward K. P. Jaheer Mukthar Edwin Ramirez Asis K. SivasubramanianThis book consists of selected papers from the International Conference on Economics, Business and Sustainability (ICEBS) 2023 which brings together academics to exchange their research results and share experiences on all aspects of economics, business and sustainability The conference delivered a specific focus and significant breakthroughs in the rapid global economic rebound. The event appealed to scholars, academics, researchers, experts, development actors, practitioners and university students to join a part and share outlooks, experiences, research findings and the recent research trends in the milieu of social sciences. The ICEBS 2023 is expected to gain mutual understanding and insights, offering solutions and policy recommendations.
Current Trends in Dynamical Systems in Biology and Natural Sciences (SEMA SIMAI Springer Series #21)
by Maira Aguiar Carlos Braumann Bob W. Kooi Andrea Pugliese Nico Stollenwerk Ezio VenturinoThis book disseminates the latest results and envisages new challenges in the application of mathematics to various practical situations in biology, epidemiology, and ecology. It comprises a collection of the main results presented at the Ninth Edition of the International Workshop “Dynamical Systems Applied to Biology and Natural Sciences – DSABNS”, held from 7 to 9 February 2018 at the Department of Mathematics, University of Turin, Italy. While the principal focus is ecology and epidemiology, the coverage extends even to waste recycling and a genetic application. The topics covered in the 12 peer-reviewed contributions involve such diverse mathematical tools as ordinary and partial differential equations, delay equations, stochastic equations, control, and sensitivity analysis. The book is intended to help both in disseminating the latest results and in envisaging new challenges in the application of mathematics to various practical situations in biology, epidemiology, and ecology.
Current Trends in Computational Modeling for Drug Discovery (Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics #35)
by Supratik Kar Jerzy LeszczynskiThis contributed volume offers a comprehensive discussion on how to design and discover pharmaceuticals using computational modeling techniques. The different chapters deal with the classical and most advanced techniques, theories, protocols, databases, and tools employed in computer-aided drug design (CADD) covering diverse therapeutic classes. Multiple components of Structure-Based Drug Discovery (SBDD) along with its workflow and associated challenges are presented while potential leads for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), antiviral agents, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs, and leads for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) disease are discussed in detail. Computational toxicological aspects in drug design and discovery, screening adverse effects, and existing or future in silico tools are highlighted, while a novel in silico tool, RASAR, which can be a major technique for small to big datasets when not much experimental data are present, is presented. The book also introduces the reader to the major drug databases covering drug molecules, chemicals, therapeutic targets, metabolomics, and peptides, which are great resources for drug discovery employing drug repurposing, high throughput, and virtual screening. This volume is a great tool for graduates, researchers, academics, and industrial scientists working in the fields of cheminformatics, bioinformatics, computational biology, and chemistry.
Current Trends in Civil Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICRACE 2020 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #104)
by Job Thomas B. R. Jayalekshmi Praveen NagarajanThis book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Civil Engineering (ICRACE) 2020, held at the Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India. The book focuses on latest research in different areas of civil engineering and lays special emphasis on sustainable construction practices. It is divided into seven major themes: (i) Modern materials and sustainable construction, (ii) Environmental engineering and management, (iii) Geotechnical engineering, (iv) Health, safety and environment, (v) Irrigation, water resources and management, (vi) Structural Engineering, and (vii) Transportation engineering and traffic planning. Given the range of the topics covered, this book can be useful for students, scholars and professionals interested in the different sub-disciplines of civil engineering.
Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering and Bioimages Analysis: Proceedings of the 21st Polish Conference on Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1033)
by Józef Korbicz Roman Maniewski Krzysztof Patan Marek KowalThis book gathers 30 papers presented at the 21st PCBBE, which was hosted by the University of Zielona Góra, Poland, and offered a valuable forum for exchanging ideas and presenting the latest developments in all areas of biomedical engineering. Biocybernetics and biomedical engineering are currently considered one of the most promising ways to improve health care and, consequently, the quality of life. Innovative technical solutions can better meet physicians’ needs and stimulate the development of medical diagnostics and therapy. We are currently witnessing a profound change in the role of medicine, which is becoming ubiquitous in everyday life thanks to technological advances. Further, the development of civilization manifests itself in efforts to unlock the secrets of the human body, and to mimic biological systems in engineering. The biannual Polish Conference on Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering (PCBBE) has been held for nearly four decades and has attracted scientists and professionals in the fields of engineering, medicine, physics, and computer science. Gathering the outcomes of this conference, the book introduces the reader to recent developments and achievements in biocybernetics and biomedical engineering.
Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering
by Christiane Bertachini Lombello Patricia Aparecida da AnaThis book brings together the latest updates from various subareas of biomedical engineering, providing readers with a broad overview of the current state of the art and the technological trends to be refined in the coming years with the goal of improving human health. It shows the important advances in each subfield, rehabilitation technology, computational systems applied to health, and medical devices, with practical examples. It includes topics not covered in other books in the area, such as digital health, bioprinting, organs-on-a-chip, the open data paradigm, and electrical impedance tomography. It is a short and easy-to-read book, and provides bibliographic references for the reader to go deeper into their areas of interest. This book is aimed at a very broad group of professionals and students in biomedical engineering and related areas, seeking to contextualize and understand the latest scientific advances in each subfield of biomedical engineering, including neuroengineering, regenerative medicine, additive manufacturing orthosis, postural analysis of Parkinson's patients, modelling and simulation using biomechanical open data, regenerative medicine, advanced drug delivery systems, bioprinting, biophotonic and electrical impedance tomography.
Current trends in Bioinformatics: An Insight
by Gulshan Wadhwa P. Shanmughavel Atul Kumar Singh Jayesh R. BellareThis book highlights the latest breakthrough developments in bioinformatics. It presents a series of timely, in-depth reviews, drug clinical trial studies, biodiversity informatics and thematic issues. In addition, it includes insightful reviews on advances in computational molecular/structural biology, which address areas such as computing in biomedicine and genomics, computational proteomics and systems biology, and metabolic pathway engineering. Innovations in these fields have direct impacts on key issues related to healthcare, medicine, genetic disorders, the development of agricultural products, renewable energy, and environmental protection. Written by respected leaders in the field and covering a wide range of topics involving the integration of biology with computer and information science, the book offers an ideal basis for teaching at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It can also be used for self-instruction by research investigators interested in applying bioinformatics-based analytical methods and information technologists working with academic and industrial laboratories.
Current Trends and Open Problems in Computational Mechanics
by Fadi Aldakheel Blaž Hudobivnik Meisam Soleimani Henning Wessels Christian Weißenfels Michele MarinoThis Festschrift is dedicated to Professor Dr.-Ing. habil. Peter Wriggers on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Thanks to his high dedication to research, over the years Peter Wriggers has built an international network with renowned experts in the field of computational mechanics. This is proven by the large number of contributions from friends and collaborators as well as former PhD students from all over the world. The diversity of Peter Wriggers network is mirrored by the range of topics that are covered by this book. To name only a few, these include contact mechanics, finite & virtual element technologies, micromechanics, multiscale approaches, fracture mechanics, isogeometric analysis, stochastic methods, meshfree and particle methods. Applications of numerical simulation to specific problems, e.g. Biomechanics and Additive Manufacturing is also covered. The volume intends to present an overview of the state of the art and current trends in computational mechanics for academia and industry.
Current Topics in Soil Science: An Environmental Approach
by Swapna MukherjeeSoil is an important but often neglected element of the climate system. It is the second largest carbon store, or ‘sink’, after the oceans. Despite being a fundamental resource that supports all kinds of life on Earth, concerns related to soil are often not included as an important environmental issue. Climate changes put soil under pressure. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere may cause the microbes in the soil to work faster to break down organic matter, potentially releasing even more carbon dioxide. The soil moisture content is being constantly affected by rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns and future projections show that this may continue. This book presents current environmental issues and their remedies for soil which are mainly based on soil degradation, soil pollution and the effect of climate change on the soil. Adding xenobiotic chemicals or other alterations in the natural soil environment for agricultural, industrial or urban purposes result in a decline in the soil quality due to improper use or poor management, which is a serious environmental problem. The book is divided into five parts - soil science, soil physics, soil chemistry, soil biology and soil environment. The first part “Soil Science” serves as the introduction to the book and discusses some common topics such as soil formation, mineralogy, taxonomy, quality and analytical techniques. The second part “Soil Physics” is mainly concerned with the physical properties and processes of soil and their association with effects on air, water and temperature. Soil Chemistry, the third part, discusses the chemical reactions and processes between inorganic and organic components. The fourth part “Soil Biology” explains the biological properties and processes of the soil, with special concern to microbial diversity and its effect on the ecology. Lastly, the fifth part “Soil Environment” discusses the current environmental problems such as climate change and soil pollution, including processes to mitigate these issues through carbon sequestration, nutrient management and land management.
Current Topics in Nonclinical Drug Development: Volume 2 (Current Topics in Nonclinical Drug Development Series)
by Philip Bentley Pritam S. Sahota Zbigniew WojcinskiThe second volume in the CURRENT TOPICS IN NONCLINICAL DRUG DEVELOPMENT SERIES explores the critical issues and current topics in nonclinical drug development. This second volume covers individual topics and strategies in drug development from compound characterization to drug registration. Written by a variety of experts in the field, recent and rapid advances in technologies and associated changes in regulatory guidance are discussed. Select topics include: Evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and the impact on toxicologic pathology. Current approaches to carcinogenicity testing. Predicting drug-drug interactions. Current understanding of idiosyncratic drug reaction. Assessing cardiovascular risks beyond QT interval. Use of 3D cell cultures in toxicology and ADME. Development of small molecule-antibody complexes. Differentiating adverse from non-adverse findings in nonclinical studies. Current Topics in Nonclinical Drug Development: Volume 2 will aid toxicologists, toxicologic pathologists, consultants, regulators, study directors, and nonclinical scientists dealing with day-to-day issues encountered in drug development and assist in formulating strategies for resolution of these issues. In addition, the book will be a valuable reference for academicians and graduate students pursuing research related to nonclinical drug development.