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Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: A Challenge to Modern Medicine
by Rajesh Kumar Amar Jyoti Das Sadhana Sagar Shilpa KaisthaThis book summarizes the emerging trends in the field of antibiotic resistance of various gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species. The ability of different species of bacteria to resist the antimicrobial agent has become a global problem. As such, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in our understanding of the origin and mechanism of resistance, discusses the modern concept of the biochemical and genetic basis of antibacterial resistance and highlights the clinical and economic implications of the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens and their ecotoxic effects. It also reviews various strategies to curtail the emergence and examines a number of innovative therapeutic approaches, such as CRISPR, phage therapy, nanoparticles and natural antimicrobials, to combat the spread of resistance.
Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients
by Thomas T. Yoshikawa Shobita RajagopalanWritten by leading authorities, this reference provides quick access to essential information on specific antibiotics, major clinical infections, selected pathogens, and infections in long-term elderly-care facilities. It summarizes an array of topics related to infectious diseases in older adults, including epidemiology, clinical manifestations, altered host resistance, and pharmacology. The authors detail the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of major infections in the elderly, present up-to-date research on common pathogens that cause infections, and discuss modern procedures to avoid the spread of diseases such as influenza, pneumonia, herpes zoster, and hepatitis.
Antibiotics
by Cynthia L. Pon Attilio Fabbretti Claudio O. Gualerzi Letizia BrandiMost of the antibiotics now in use have been discovered more or less by chance, and their mechanisms of action have only been elucidated after their discovery. To meet the medical need for next-generation antibiotics, a more rational approach to antibiotic development is clearly needed.Opening with a general introduction about antimicrobial drugs, their targets and the problem of antibiotic resistance, this reference systematically covers currently known antibiotic classes, their molecular mechanisms and the targets on which they act. Novel targets such as cell signaling networks, riboswitches and bacterial chaperones are covered here, alongside the latest information on the molecular mechanisms of current blockbuster antibiotics. With its broad overview of current and future antibacterial drug development, this unique reference is essential reading for anyone involved in the development and therapeutic application of novel antibiotics.
Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1520)
by Peter SassThis volume provides state-of-the-art and novel methods on antibiotic isolation and purification, identification of antimicrobial killing mechanisms, and methods for the analysis and detection of microbial adaptation strategies. Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols guides readers through chapters on production and design, mode of action, and response and susceptibility. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols aims to inspire scientific work in the exciting field of antibiotic research.
Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2601)
by Peter SassThis second edition provides state-of-the-art and novel methods on antibiotic isolation and purification, identification of antimicrobial killing mechanisms, as well as methods for the analysis and detection of microbial responses and adaptation strategies. Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, guides readers through updated and entirely new chapters on production and design, mode of action, and response and resistance. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to inspire scientific work in the exciting field of antibiotic research.
Antibiotics: A Guide to commonly used antimicrobials
by David L. Schlossberg Rafik SamuelAntibiotic selection and dosing is the foundation of infectious disease practice. In addition, the issue of antimicrobial resistance makes antibiotic management one of the most controversial and important areas in internal medicine. The visual design of this manual aids the rapid retrieval of information and makes it possible to offer more information than the popular Sanford Guide, while focusing on the essentials and eliminating the extensive details covered in standard textbooks and online references. The Antibiotic Manual includes 188 of the most common agents used in internal medicine by drug name.
Antibiotics: The Perfect Storm
by David M. ShlaesAntibiotics are truly miracle drugs. As a class, they are one of the only ones that actually cure disease as opposed to most drugs that only help relieve symptoms or control disease. Since bacteria that cause serious disease in humans are becoming more and more resistant to the antibiotics we have today, and because they will ultimately become resistant to any antibiotic that we use for treatment or for anything else, we need a steady supply of new antibiotics active against any resistant bacteria that arise. However, the antibiotics marketplace is no longer attractive for large pharmaceutical companies, the costs of development are skyrocketing because of ever more stringent requirements by the regulatory agencies, and finding new antibiotics active against resistant strains is getting harder and harder. These forces are all combining to deny us these miracle drugs when we need them the most. I provide a number of possible paths to shelter from this perfect storm.
Antibiotics: Challenges, Mechanisms, Opportunities (ASM Books #30)
by Christopher Walsh Timothy WencewiczA chemocentric view of the molecular structures of antibiotics, their origins, actions, and major categories of resistance Antibiotics: Challenges, Mechanisms, Opportunities focuses on antibiotics as small organic molecules, from both natural and synthetic sources. Understanding the chemical scaffold and functional group structures of the major classes of clinically useful antibiotics is critical to understanding how antibiotics interact selectively with bacterial targets. This textbook details how classes of antibiotics interact with five known robust bacterial targets: cell wall assembly and maintenance, membrane integrity, protein synthesis, DNA and RNA information transfer, and the folate pathway to deoxythymidylate. It also addresses the universe of bacterial resistance, from the concept of the resistome to the three major mechanisms of resistance: antibiotic destruction, antibiotic active efflux, and alteration of antibiotic targets. Antibiotics also covers the biosynthetic machinery for the major classes of natural product antibiotics. Authors Christopher Walsh and Timothy Wencewicz provide compelling answers to these questions: What are antibiotics? Where do antibiotics come from? How do antibiotics work? Why do antibiotics stop working? How should our limited inventory of effective antibiotics be addressed? Antibiotics is a textbook for graduate courses in chemical biology, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and microbiology and biochemistry courses. It is also a valuable reference for microbiologists, biological and natural product chemists, pharmacologists, and research and development scientists.
Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance
by Ola SköldThis book, which is the translated version of a Swedish book, combines a general introduction of a variety of antibiotics with a more in-depth discussion of resistance. The focus on resistance in learning about antibiotics will help future scientists recognize the problem antibiotics resistance poses for medicinal and drug-related fields, and perhaps trigger more research and discoveries to fight antibiotic resistant strains.Current overviews of the topic are included, along with specific discussions on the individual mechanisms (betalactams, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, etc) used in various antibacterial agents and explanations of how resistances to those develop. Methods for counteracting resistance development in bacteria are discussed as well.
Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment
by Carlos F. Amabile-CuevasThe presence of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes, and antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment is a cause of growing worldwide concern, as it reveals the extensive impact of antibiotic abuse and other human-related pressures upon microbes. The field of detecting and measuring resistance in the environment has rapidly evolved to a systematic search of organisms and genes. This book will review the available evidence and hypotheses on where antibiotic resistance is coming from and for how long it has been there. Further, it will discuss involved maintenance pressures, resistance spread, traits and laboratory and in-silico strategies to further investigate antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils: Monitoring, Toxicity, Risk Assessment And Management (Soil Biology Ser. #51)
by Ajit Varma Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi Vladimir StrezovThis book summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil environment. It covers a wide range of topics to help readers understand antibiotics and ARGs in soils, the risks they pose for the environment, and options for effective control. In addition, it presents a range of essential tools and methodologies that can be used to address antibiotics and ARGs in a consistent, efficient, and cost-effective manner. Gathering contributions by international experts, the book addresses both theoretical aspects and practical applications. The topics discussed include antibiotics-producing microorganisms; the routes of entry and fate of antibiotics and resistance genes; biomonitoring approaches; dissemination of ARGs in soils; risk assessment; the impact of antibiotics and ARGs on the soil microbial community and other biota; bioremediation and biodegradation approaches; and soil management strategies for antibiotics and ARG-contaminated soils. As such, the book will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars in environmental science and engineering, toxicology, the medical and pharmaceutical sciences, environmental biotechnology, soil sciences, microbial ecology and plant biotechnology. Readers and Journals: 1. This new volume on antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil environment will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars in environmental science and engineering, toxicology, the medical and pharmaceutical sciences, environmental biotechnology, soil sciences,microbial ecology and plant biotechnology. 2. The book will provide government authorities all over the world with effective strategies for the management of antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARG)- contaminated soil. 3. Gathering contributions by international experts,the book addresses both theoretical aspects and practical applications.
Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes: Environmental Occurrence and Treatment Technologies (Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies)
by Muhammad Zaffar HashmiThis volume summarizes and updates information about antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)/antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) production, including their entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment, their use in hospital and associated waste, global and temporal trends in use and spread of antibiotics, AMR and ARG. Antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance genes due to manure and agricultural waste applications, bioavailability, biomonitoring, and their Epidemiological, ecological and public health effects. The book addresses the antibiotic and AMR/ARG risk assessment and treatment technologies, for managing antibiotics and AMR/ARG impacted environments The book's expert contributions span 20 chapters, and offer a comprehensive framework for better understanding and analyzing the environmental and social impacts of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs. Readers will have access to recent and updated models regarding the interpretation of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs in environment and biomonitoring studies, and will learn about the management options require to appropriately mitigate environmental contaminants and pollution. The book will be of interest to students, teachers, researchers, policy makers and environmental organizations.
Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy
by Alexandrina L DumitrescuPeriodontal diseases are the major cause of tooth mortality in many industrialized countries and most developing nations. The significance of microorganisms in the development of virtually all types of periodontal disease is indisputable. This book is an encyclopedic collection of data from scientific papers and textbooks that form a sound basis for a thorough understanding of the antibiotics and antiseptics used in periodontal therapy. The prophylactic, systemic, and topical uses of antibiotics are discussed in detail, identifying the indications, advantages, disadvantages, and efficacy of each approach and regimen. The use of antiseptics is also carefully examined, with particular attention to the merits of different delivery methods and oral hygiene agents. The closing chapter addresses the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This book will be of value to undergraduate and postgraduate dental students, dental hygienists, dental practitioners, and other associated professionals.
Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy
by Alexandrina L DumitrescuPeriodontal diseases are the major cause of tooth mortality in many industrialized countries and most developing nations. The significance of microorganisms in the development of virtually all types of periodontal disease is indisputable. This book is an encyclopedic collection of data from scientific papers and textbooks that form a sound basis for a thorough understanding of the antibiotics and antiseptics used in periodontal therapy. The prophylactic, systemic, and topical uses of antibiotics are discussed in detail, identifying the indications, advantages, disadvantages, and efficacy of each approach and regimen. The use of antiseptics is also carefully examined, with particular attention to the merits of different delivery methods and oral hygiene agents. The closing chapter addresses the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This book will be of value to undergraduate and postgraduate dental students, dental hygienists, dental practitioners, and other associated professionals.
Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance (Life Science Research Fundamentals)
by WileyThe need for novel antibiotics is greater now than perhaps any time since the pre-antibiotic era. Indeed, the recent collapse of many pharmaceutical antibacterial groups, combined with the emergence of hypervirulent and pan-antibiotic-resistant bacteria has severely compromised infection treatment options and led to dramatic increases in the incidence and severity of bacterial infections. This collection of reviews and laboratory protocols gives the reader an introduction to the causes of antibiotic resistance, the bacterial strains that pose the largest danger to humans (i.e., streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci) and the antimicrobial agents used to combat infections with these organisms. Some new avenues that are being investigated for antibiotic development are also discussed. Such developments include the discovery of agents that inhibit bacterial RNA degradation, the bacterial ribosome, and structure-based approaches to antibiotic drug discovery. Two laboratory protocols are provided to illustrate different strategies for discovering new antibiotics. One is a bacterial growth inhibition assay to identify inhibitors of bacterial growth that specifically target conditionally essential enzymes in the pathway of interest. The other protocol is used to identify inhibitors of bacterial cell-to-cell signaling. This e-book — a curated collection from eLS, WIREs, and Current Protocols — offers a fantastic introduction to the field of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance for students or interdisciplinary collaborators.
Antibiotics and Their Mechanisms of Action
by Deepesh Nagarajan“Antibiotics and their mechanisms of action” provides a deep and lucid understanding of the mechanisms of action of various antibiotics. The experiments followed to decipher the mechanisms have been explained in great depth, which is a novelty in this textbook. Most undergraduate textbooks on antibiotics place emphasis on their use from the clinician’s perspective. Taking penicillin as an example, typical textbooks discuss its discovery, penicillin’s β-lactam derivatives, routes of administration, the diseases and pathogens treated with β-lactam antibiotics, side effects, and finally the mechanisms of resistance that have evolved against penicillin. No description of how its mechanism of action was deciphered is ever provided. This textbook describes how simple experiments using protoplasts, covalent affinity chromatography, SYPRO Orange binding assays, and X-ray crystallography have all been used to elucidate the mechanism of action of penicillin. Like this, the complicated mechanisms of action of different antibiotics have been presented in simple terms with the help of original illustrations. Chapters 8-10 cover the mechanisms of action of anti-ribosomal antibiotics (tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol). Elucidating the mechanisms of action for these antibiotics requires complex experiments such as ex vivo transcription via a cell-free ribosomal reaction mixture, photolabelling experiments, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation of radiolabelled translation reactants and products. These experiments are conveyed to the reader in the simplest possible language and with easily understandable, appealing illustrations. Finally, the reader is challenged at the end of every chapter with original questions, testing whether hecan apply the concepts he learned in the preceding chapter to research-level problems. This book is written primarily for undergraduate students in microbiology or biotechnology courses to help them develop a simplistic yet comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying antibiotics action. It is believed that this book will prepare the students for PhD level research.
Antibiotics I
by Isao KawamotoThis book reviews more recent studies of antibiotics in Japan. It describes β-lactams and other antimicrobial agents according to the following categories: parenteral cephems and related compounds, oral cephalosporins, penems and carbapenems, monobactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides.
Antibiotics II
by Sadao TeshibaThis book reviews more recent studies of antibiotics in Japan. It covers astromicin, application of cyclodextrin in the fermentative production process, production of Bialaphos from a Biochemical Engineering viewpoint, and acyl derivatives of tylosin produced by microbial transformation.
Antibiotics Simplified
by Jason C. Gallagher Conan MacDougallAntibiotics Simplified, Fifth Edition is a best-selling, succinct guide designed to bridge knowledge gained in basic sciences courses with clinical practice in infectious diseases. This practical text reviews basic microbiology and how to approach the pharmacotherapy of a patient with a presumed infection. It also contains concise Drug Class Reviews with an explanation of the characteristics of various classes of antibacterial drugs and antifungal drugs. This text simplifies learning infectious disease pharmacotherapy and condenses the many facts that are taught about antibiotics into one quick reference guide. This guide will help students learn the characteristics of antibiotics and why an antibiotic is useful for an indication. With an understanding of the characteristics of the antibiotics, students will be able to make a logical choice to treat an infection more easily.
Antiblack Racism And The Aids Epidemic
by Adam M. GearyChallenging the popular perception of HIV as a consequence of the 'perverse intimacies' of sex and drug use, Anti-Black Racism and the AIDS Epidemic: State Intimacies argues that black racial disparities in HIV rates reflect the organization of anti-black, racialized poverty and structural violence. Racism, not race, ethnicity, or culture. The state has structured the ways in which black Americans have been made vulnerable to HIV exposure and infection far beyond the capacity of any individual or community to mitigate or control. From structured impoverishment to racial segregation, and from mass incarceration to the political death meted out to former prisoners, the primary structuring factor that has determined risk of HIV infection has been state intimacy, or the violent intimacy of the racist state.
Antiblackness
by Moon - Kiejung and Joãoh . CostavargasAntiblackness investigates the ways in which the dehumanization of Black people has been foundational to the establishment of modernity. Drawing on Black feminism, Afropessimism, and critical race theory, the book's contributors trace forms of antiblackness across time and space, from nineteenth-century slavery to the categorization of Latinx in the 2020 census, from South Africa and Palestine to the Chickasaw homelands, from the White House to convict lease camps, prisons, and schools. Among other topics, they examine the centrality of antiblackness in the introduction of Carolina rice to colonial India, the presence of Black people and Native Americans in the public discourse of precolonial Korea, and the practices of denial that obscure antiblackness in contemporary France. Throughout, the contributors demonstrate that any analysis of white supremacy---indeed, of the world---that does not contend with antiblackness is incomplete.Contributors. Mohan Ambikaipaker, Jodi A. Byrd, Iyko Day, Anthony Paul Farley, Crystal Marie Fleming, Sarah Haley, Tanya Katerí Hernández, Sarah Ihmoud, Joy James, Moon-Kie Jung, Jae Kyun Kim, Charles W. Mills, Dylan Rodríguez, Zach Sell, João H. Costa Vargas, Frank B. Wilderson III, Connie Wun
Antibodies
by Maurizio Zanetti Donald J. CapraIntended for specialists in B cell immunology, investigating such topics as movement of a monoclonal antibody from the laboratory into the clinic, the field of Fc receptors and the impact of monoclonal antibodies on diagnosis and treatment of human
The Antibodies (The\antibodies Ser.)
by Maurizio Zanetti J. Donald CapraFrom diagnostic tools to therapy against cancer, infections and autoimmune diseases, antibodies serve many purposes, yet our knowledge of them is still incomplete. The Antibodies: Volume 7 continues with a comprehensive review of topics of contemporary interest including major breakthroughs such as the advent of monoclonal antibodies and the develo
Antibodies
by Maurizio Zanetti J. Donald CapraThe Antibodies presents models, theories, and techniques of molecular biology for understanding the mechanisms of antibody action, including the genetics, and receptor and channel action. This book includes applications of engineered antibodies in diagnosis, immunotherapy, and protein purification. It provides new insights into the structural basis
Antibodies for Infectious Diseases (ASM Books #44)
by James E. Crowe Jr. Diana Boraschi Rino RappuoliState-of-the-art reviews covering major aspects of antibodies and intervention against infectious diseases The connection between antibodies and infectious diseases has spawned entire related fields of study. Antibodies for Infectious Diseases presents perspectives from leading research scientists and summarizes the amazing progress in this area into a single definitive source. Providing a broad survey of the most important aspects of the field of antibodies for infectious diseases, this book presents general features pertaining to structure, function, isotype, and the role of complement in antibody function examines the role of antibodies in antimicrobial immunity with specific targets details new methods for expression of monoclonal antibodies, in plants or by transfer of antibody genes for in vivo expression in treated subjects Antibodies for Infectious Diseases is a comprehensive reference for researchers, pharmaceutical developers, and health care professionals on the status of the development of antibody-based therapies for treating infectious diseases. It is also useful as supplemental reading for upper level life sciences students.