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Approach to Lower Limb Oedema
by Satyendra K. TiwaryThe book covers all aspects of lower limb oedema including aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical approach, investigations, differential diagnosis and management. It presents all the medical and surgical aspects of lower limb oedema in a well-illustrated manner for better understanding. It covers the lower limb oedema of different origins separately to highlight the different spectrums in their presentation and management. Separate chapters include special conditions like pregnancy, trauma and vascular malformations. The book augments the learning and knowledge for lower limb oedema management by illustrating all aspects of it. It suggests proceeding with every possible aetiology with a better understanding of pathophysiology and adequate designated investigations. It also includes clinical guidelines that help to solve the diagnostic dilemma in lower limb oedema management with infused points to reach a consensus in each and every possible cause. The book includes recent scientific literature and accepted guidelines adopted from the publications during the last ten years to provide latest knowledge in the field. The approaches discussed in the book with specific importance to clinical workup and meticulous investigation protocols will help the surgeons, physicians, primary care workers as well as surgical resident trainees to reach the correct diagnosis and proper management.
The Approach to Metaphysics (Routledge Library Editions: Metaphysics)
by E. W. TomlinOriginally published in 1947. This book looks at contemporary conundrums in philosophical tendencies, bringing the reader a first-principles review of the purpose of such enquiries in relation to modern life. It presents the importance of the history of the development of philosophical thought, beginning in Part 1 with perception. Significant definitions and theories are identified and later refinements discussed – in particular conceptualism and its development from the Greeks through Berkeley to modern realism and its limitations and critiques. Part 2 brings problems identified by past thinkersto the fore, from Plato’s forms to Christian theology, in an examination of the apparent dichotomy between metaphysics and scientific methods. Part 3 examines the Rationalist and the Empiricist attacks on Scepticism and Kant’s reconciliation of the differences of both. This provides the context and structure for discussion of the works of Hegel, and ultimate refutation thereof as a confusion between metaphysics and theology. Part 4 identifies the developments in thinking of Positivism, both Modern and Logical, and the New Synthesis of Alexander and Whitehead as the most recent approach.
The Approach to Philosophy
by Ralph Barton PerryPublished in 1905, The Approach to Philosophy was written by Princeton and Harvard educated American philosopher, Ralph Barton Perry
An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts
by James TullyAn Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts brings together Professor Tully's most important and innovative statements on Locke in a systematic treatment of the latter's thought that is at once contextual and critical. <P><P>Each essay has been rewritten and expanded for this volume, and each seeks to understand a theme of Locke's political philosophy by interpreting it in light of the complex contexts of early modern European political thought and practice. <P>These historical studies are then used in a variety of ways to gain critical perspectives on the assumptions underlying current debates in political philosophy and the history of political thought. The themes treated include government, toleration, discipline, property, aboriginal rights, individualism, power, labor, self-ownership, community, progress, liberty, participation, and revolution.<P>Major general statement on Locke by one of world's leading authorities.<P> Topics discussed still at centre of political debates today.<P> Excellent upper-level adoption potential.
An Approach to the Metaphysics of Plato through the Parmenides
by William F. LynchA provocative and original interpretation of the Parmenides as constructive, positive metaphysics. By bringing together the speculative enthusiasm of the continental tradition with the more patient analysis of English scholarship Lynch has opened up a new line of inquiry and discussion.--R. S. B.in Review of Review of Metaphysics 13
An Approach To The Psychology of Religion (International Library Of Psychology Ser. #Vol. 33)
by Cyril J. FlowerFirst published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Approach Urban Sociol Ils 168 (International Library of Sociology)
by P.H. MannFirst Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Approachable Accessibility: Planning for Success
by Martine Dowden Michael DowdenUnderstand the realities of modern web accessibility and what considerations should be made to include everyone. There are hundreds of millions of people who are being left out every single day on the web due to disability or circumstance. The purpose of web accessibility is to remove barriers and bring the information, services, and functionality of the web to as many people as possible so they can be included in this global community. This book makes the topic of web accessibility as approachable as possible to help every web professional become an accessibility advocate at their companies, on their projects, and in their communities. This discussion will go beyond the buzzword to explore the impact our designs and decisions have on real people, along with the ethical, legal, and financial incentives for accessibility prioritization. For those who are ready to get started the book covers tools and techniques for testing websites or web applications for conformance to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Because we very rarely work in a vacuum the book also covers how to educate your team or company management on web accessibility as well as persuading them to invest time and money in accessibility. For those looking to start an accessibility practice at their company – or simply to ensure that nothing slips through the cracks – the book includes a guide to creating your very own accessibility action plan. Having a well-documented plan of action is an essential step in the long-term success of any initiative. Get started with web accessibility using Approachable Accessibility today. What You'll LearnDiscover various ways that website design can exclude or even harm usersGain an understanding of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1Put together an accessibility action plan for your organizationExplore tools and techniques for evaluating your existing websites Who This Book Is For Web designers and developers who want to know more about web accessibility or just want to know how to get started; tech leaders who need help building an accessibility practice or convincing their company to invest in web accessibility; project managers and owners making scope decisions for a project.
The Approachable Argument: Student Handbook
by Michael G. LeighThe Approachable Argument: Student Handbook contains additional illustrations, exercises, and information about current topics for class discussions.
Approaches and Frameworks for HCI Research
by John LongThis research textbook, designed for young Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers beginning their careers, surveys the research models and methods in use today and offers a general framework to bring together the disparate concepts. HCI spans many disciplines and professions, including information science, applied psychology, computer science, informatics, software engineering and social science making it difficult for newcomers to get a good overview of the field and the available approaches. The book's rigorous 'approach-and-framework' response is to the challenge of retaining growth and diversification in HCI research by building up a general framework from approaches for Innovation, Art, Craft, Applied, Science and Engineering. This general framework is compared with other HCI frameworks and theories for completeness and coherence, all within a historical perspective of dissemination success. Readers can use this as a model to design and assess their own research frameworks and theories against those reported in the literature.
Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences
by Donatella Della Porta Michael KeatingA revolutionary new textbook introducing masters and doctoral students to the major research approaches and methodologies in the social sciences. Written by an outstanding set of scholars, and derived from successful course teaching, this volume will empower students to choose their own approach to research, to justify this approach, and to situate it within the discipline. It addresses questions of ontology, epistemology and philosophy of social science, and proceeds to issues of methodology and research design essential for producing a good research proposal. It also introduces researchers to the main issues of debate and contention in the methodology of social sciences, identifying commonalities, historic continuities and genuine differences.
Approaches and Methods in Event Studies (Routledge Advances in Event Research Series)
by Tomas PerneckyThe recent proliferation of events as a subject of study in its own right has signalled the emergence of a new field – event studies. However, whilst the management-inspired notion of planned events, which strives for conceptual slenderness, may indeed be useful for event managers, the moment we attempt to advance knowledge about events as social, cultural and political phenomena, we realise the extent to which the field is theoretically impoverished. Event studies, it is argued, must transcend overt business-like perspectives in order to grasp events in their complexities. This book challenges the reader to reach beyond the established modes of thinking about events by placing them against a backdrop of much wider, critical discourse. Approaches and Methods in Event Studies emerges as a conceptual and methodological tour de force—comprising the works of scholars of diverse backgrounds coming together to address a range of philosophical, theoretical, and methods-related problems. The areas covered include the concepts of eventification and eventual approaches to events, a mobilities paradigm, rhizomatic events, critical discourse analysis, visual methods, reflexive and ethnographic research into events, and indigenous acumen. Researchers and students engaged in the study of events will draw much inspiration from the contributions and from the volume as a whole.
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching
by Jack C. Richards Theodore S. RodgersAn extensively revised and updated edition of this popular and accessible text. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching Third edition is an extensive revision of this highly successful book. As in previous editions, both major and alternative approaches and methods are surveyed, with the section on current communicative approaches updated to include new material on CLIL, text and genre-based teaching. The book seeks not only to clarify the assumptions behind these approaches, and their similarities and differences, but also to help teachers explore their own beliefs and practices in language teaching. Further new material deals with other directions in language teaching, such as outcomes-based initiatives, to make this edition fully up-to-date.
Approaches for Clean Combustion in Gas Turbines (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications #122)
by Medhat A. Nemitallah Mohamed A. Habib Ahmed A. AbdelhafezThis book focuses on the development of novel combustion approaches and burner designs for clean power generation in gas turbines. It shows the reader how to control the release of pollutants to the environment in an effort to reduce global warming. After an introduction to global warming issues and clean power production for gas turbine applications, subsequent chapters address premixed combustion, burner designs for clean power generation, gas turbine performance, and insights on gas turbine operability. Given its scope, the book can be used as a textbook for graduate-level courses on clean combustion, or as a reference book to accompany compact courses for mechanical engineers and young researchers around the world.
Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
by Committee on the Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon-252 Oil Spill on Ecosystem Services in the Gulf of MexicoOn April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon platform drilling the Macondo well in Mississippi Canyon Block 252 (DWH) exploded, killing 11 workers and injuring another 17. The DWH oil spill resulted in nearly 5 million barrels (approximately 200 million gallons) of crude oil spilling into the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The full impacts of the spill on the GoM and the people who live and work there are unknown but expected to be considerable, and will be expressed over years to decades. In the short term, up to 80,000 square miles of the U. S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were closed to fishing, resulting in loss of food, jobs and recreation. The DWH oil spill immediately triggered a process under the U. S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) to determine the extent and severity of the "injury" (defined as an observable or measurable adverse change in a natural resource or impairment of a natural resource service) to the public trust, known as the Natural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA). The assessment, undertaken by the trustees (designated technical experts who act on behalf of the public and who are tasked with assessing the nature and extent of site-related contamination and impacts), requires: (1) quantifying the extent of damage; (2) developing, implementing, and monitoring restoration plans; and (3) seeking compensation for the costs of assessment and restoration from those deemed responsible for the injury. This interim report provides options for expanding the current effort to include the analysis of ecosystem services to help address the unprecedented scale of this spill in U. S. waters and the challenges it presents to those charged with undertaking the damage assessment.
Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
by Mirza Hasanuzzaman Kamrun Nahar Masayuki Fujita Hirosuke Oku Tofazzal IslamPlants are frequently exposed to unfavorable and adverse environmental conditions known as abiotic stressors. These factors can include salinity, drought, heat, cold, flooding, heavy metals, and UV radiation which pose serious threats to the sustainability of crop yields. Since abiotic stresses are major constraints for crop production, finding the approaches to enhance stress tolerance is crucial to increase crop production and increase food security. This book discusses approaches to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants on a global scale. Plants scientists and breeders will learn how to further mitigate plant responses and develop new crop varieties for the changing climate.
Approaches For Evaluating The Nrc Resident Research Associateship Program At Nist
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesThe NRC Resident Research Associateship Program at NIST provides two-year temporary appointments for outstanding scientists and engineers. This book describes program applicants and awardees and offers suggestions for an in-depth assessment of career outcomes. Preliminary investigation indicates that outreach efforts produce more qualified applicants than NIST has slots to fill, the pool of applicants is increasingly diverse, and many Research Associates go on to permanent positions at NIST. The agency should conduct a more thorough evaluation of the program, including an assessment of outreach to potential applicants, individuals who decline an award, the program’s impact on the careers of awardees, and the benefits of the program to NIST and the broader scientific and engineering community.
Approaches for Potato Crop Improvement and Stress Management
by John E. Bradshaw S. M. Paul Khurana Vinay BhardwajThis edited book provides an all-inclusive coverage of latest research in crop improvement and stress management in potato crop. It is composed of 17 chapters covering breeding, diseases & pest management with the view to enhancing the total production and quality under the scenario of climate change. The book also explores harvesting, storage, post-harvest management, and processing of potato. The book has special focus on the use of high throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, modern genomics tools, genome editing techniques such as CRISPR systems that could help the potato breeding programs and, also in development of biotic and abiotic stress resistant varieties. Potato is the world’s third most important food crop after wheat and rice in terms of human consumption. It is the staple crop providing maximum nutrients per unit area, time and money and is the most versatile crop with the highest industrial production potential in India being the second largest potato producing country after China. As a major food crop, the potato has the most important role to play in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals’ 2030 Agenda for zero hunger, achieving food security, improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. This book is unique in its approach for providing in depth knowledge enabling readers to learn the subject fully on different strategies, new perspectives and fully understanding different topics of diversity, interaction and improvement for stress management in potato. It is a relevant reading material for researchers, students, practitioners and other stakeholders involved in improvement of potato crop.
Approaches for Science Illustration and Communication (Biomedical Visualization #4)
by Mark RoughleyThis edited book explores the breadth of approaches undertaken by scientists, artists and communicators in their crucial role making science accessible, engaging and impactful. Contemporary approaches in science illustration and visualization include a variety of creative methodologies that are valuable for effective communication, teaching, learning and professional practice. These range in method from anatomical drawings used in medical curricula, to 2D animations and editorial illustrations available in the public realm. They also include unexpected approaches such as the use of tabletop board games, comics and collage in understanding our bodies, emergent health threats and cutting-edge science developments. If you are a scientist seeking to enhance your ability to communicate your research or an artist interested in biomedical visualization, this volume serves as an introduction to contemporary approaches in science illustration and communication. By understanding the creative methods and techniques employed in this field, we can collectively work towards fostering a deeper appreciation of art in science, and continue to captivate and inspire audiences worldwide.
Approaches in Bioremediation: The New Era of Environmental Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology (Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences)
by Ram Prasad Elisabet ArandaBioremediation refers to the clean‐up of pollution in soil, groundwater, surface water, and air using typically microbiological processes. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade, transform or detoxify hazardous substances to human health or the environment.For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and action, its application often involves the management of ecological factors to allow microbial growth and degradation to continue at a faster rate. Like other technologies, bioremediation has its limitations. Some contaminants, such as chlorinated organic or high aromatic hydrocarbons, are resistant to microbial attack. They are degraded either gradually or not at all, hence, it is not easy to envisage the rates of clean-up for bioremediation implementation.Bioremediation represents a field of great expansion due to the important development of new technologies. Among them, several decades on metagenomics expansion has led to the detection of autochthonous microbiota that plays a key role during transformation. Transcriptomic guides us to know the expression of key genes and proteomics allow the characterization of proteins that conduct specific reactions. In this book we show specific technologies applied in bioremediation of main interest for research in the field, with special attention on fungi, which have been poorly studied microorganisms. Finally, new approaches in the field, such as CRISPR-CAS9, are also discussed. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as bioremediation application for managing affected environment and bioremediation approaches. Examples of successful bioremediation applications are illustrated in radionuclide entrapment and retardation, soil stabilization and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, plastics or fluorinated compounds. Other emerging bioremediation methods include electro bioremediation, microbe-availed phytoremediation, genetic recombinant technologies in enhancing plants in accumulation of inorganic metals, and metalloids as well as degradation of organic pollutants, protein-metabolic engineering to increase bioremediation efficiency, including nanotechnology applications are also discussed.
Approaches in Integrative Bioinformatics: Towards the Virtual Cell
by Ming Chen Ralf HofestädtApproaches in Integrative Bioinformatics provides a basic introduction to biological information systems, as well as guidance for the computational analysis of systems biology. This book also covers a range of issues and methods that reveal the multitude of omics data integration types and the relevance that integrative bioinformatics has today. Topics include biological data integration and manipulation, modeling and simulation of metabolic networks, transcriptomics and phenomics, and virtual cell approaches, as well as a number of applications of network biology. It helps to illustrate the value of integrative bioinformatics approaches to the life sciences. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the field of Bioinformatics. Professor Ming Chen is the Director of the Bioinformatics Laboratory at the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Professor Ralf Hofestädt is the Chair of the Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Bielefeld University, Germany.
Approaches in Public Policy (Routledge Revivals)
by Steve Leach John StewartFirst published in 1982, Approaches in Public Policy is an integrated, purpose-written text on the context, process, and practice of policymaking in the public sector, particularly at the local level. It has two main purposes. It aims to provide a stimulating and critical evaluation of trends in the analysis and formulation of policy by examining the realities behind such influential concepts and ideas as ‘rationality’, ‘information systems’, ‘distributional impact of services’ and ‘monitoring’. At the same time, it attempts through case study illustration to provide perceptive and detailed insights into the way such approaches have worked out in practice in a range of examples of policy initiatives in area management, regional planning, health care planning and Comprehensive Community Programmes.The book fills a significant gap in the literature by providing a well-structured set of papers which link theoretical arguments to an evaluation of topical examples of the policy process in action. It will be of interest to students and researchers of public administration, public policy making, planning, and similar topics.
Approaches, Opportunities, and Challenges for Eco-design 4.0: A Concise Guide for Practitioners and Students
by Samira KeivanpourThis book addresses the implications of the Industry 4.0 paradigm in design for the environment. We examine the opportunities for, and challenges of, the implications of cyber-physical systems, big data analytics, Internet of things, additive manufacturing, and simulation in a range of areas in an eco-design context. These include selecting low impact materials, choosing manufacturing processes with environmental considerations, end of life strategies, applying design approaches for disassembly, integrating economic and social components into environmental studies, and stakeholder’s involvement. This volume takes a step toward this journey to explore how the three pillars of technology, sustainability, and evolving consumers could shape the future of the product’s design.
Approaches to American Cultural Studies
by Antje Dallmann Eva Boesenberg Martin KlepperApproaches to American Cultural Studies provides an accessible yet comprehensive overview of the diverse range of subjects encompassed within American Studies, familiarising students with the history and shape of American Studies as an academic subject as well as its key theories, methods, and concepts. Written and edited by an international team of authors based primarily in Europe, the book is divided into four thematically-organised sections. The first part delineates the evolution of American Studies over the course of the twentieth century, the second elaborates on how American Studies as a field is positioned within the wider humanities, and the third inspects and deconstructs popular tropes such as myths of the West, the self-made man, Manifest Destiny, and representations of the President of the United States. The fourth part introduces theories of society such as structuralism and deconstruction, queer and transgender theories, border and hemispheric studies, and critical race theory that are particularly influential within American Studies. This book is supplemented by a companion website offering further material for study (www.routledge.com/cw/dallmann). Specifically designed for use on courses across Europe, it is a clear and engaging introductory text for students of American culture.