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Artificial Parts, Practical Lives: Modern Histories of Prosthetics
by Katherine Ott David Serlin Stephen MihmThese essays are valuable first forays into the history of prosthetics. From the wooden teeth of George Washington to the Bly prosthesis, popular in the 1860s and boasting easy uniform motions of the limb, to today's lifelike approximations, prosthetic devices reveal the extent to which the evolution and design of technologies of the body are intertwined with both the practical and subjective needs of human beings. The peculiar history of prosthetic devices sheds light on the relationship between technological change and the civilizing process of modernity, and analyzes the concrete materials of prosthetics which carry with them ideologies of body, ideals, body politics, and culture. Simultaneously critiquing, historicizing, and theorizing prosthetics, Artificial Parts, Practical Lives lays out a balanced and complex picture of its subject, neither vilifying nor celebrating the merger of flesh and machine.
Artificial Parts, Practical Lives: Modern Histories of Prosthetics
by Katherine Ott David Serlin Stephen MihmFrom the wooden teeth of George Washington to the Bly prosthesis, popular in the 1860s and boasting easy uniform motions of the limb, to today's lifelike approximations, prosthetic devices reveal the extent to which the evolution and design of technologies of the body are intertwined with both the practical and subjective needs of human beings. The peculiar history of prosthetic devices sheds light on the relationship between technological change and the civilizing process of modernity, and analyzes the concrete materials of prosthetics which carry with them ideologies of body, ideals, body politics, and culture. Simultaneously critiquing, historicizing, and theorizing prosthetics, Artificial Parts, Practical Lives lays out a balanced and complex picture of its subject, neither vilifying nor celebrating the merger of flesh and machine.
Artificial Psychology: Psychological Modeling and Testing of AI Systems
by James A. Crowder John Carbone Shelli FriessThis book explores the subject of artificial psychology and how the field must adapt human neuro-psychological testing techniques to provide adequate cognitive testing of advanced artificial intelligence systems. It shows how classical testing methods will reveal nothing about the cognitive nature of the systems and whether they are learning, reasoning, and evolving correctly; for these systems, the authors outline how testing techniques similar to/adapted from human psychological testing must be adopted, particularly in understanding how the system reacts to failure or relearning something it has learned incorrectly or inferred incorrectly. The authors provide insights into future architectures/capabilities that artificial cognitive systems will possess and how we can evaluate how well they are functioning. It discusses at length the notion of human/AI communication and collaboration and explores such topics as knowledge development, knowledge modeling and ambiguity management, artificial cognition and self-evolution of learning, artificial brain components and cognitive architecture, and artificial psychological modeling.Explores the concepts of Artificial Psychology and Artificial Neuroscience as applied to advanced artificially cognitive systems;Provides insight into the world of cognitive architectures and biologically-based computing designs which will mimic human brain functionality in artificial intelligent systems of the future;Provides description and design of artificial psychological modeling to provide insight into how advanced artificial intelligent systems are learning and evolving;Explores artificial reasoning and inference architectures and the types of modeling and testing that will be required to "trust" an autonomous artificial intelligent systems.
Artificial Psychology: The Quest for What It Means to Be Human
by Jay FriedenbergIs it possible to construct an artificial person? Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have for decades been developing computer programs that emulate human intelligence. This book goes beyond intelligence and describes how close we are to recreating many of the other capacities that make us human. These abilities include learning, creativity, consciousness, and emotion. The attempt to understand and engineer these abilities constitutes the new interdisciplinary field of artificial psychology, which is characterized by contributions from philosophy, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and robotics. This work is intended for use as a main or supplementary introductory textbook for a course in cognitive psychology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, or the philosophy of mind. It examines human abilities as operating requirements that an artificial person must have and analyzes them from a multidisciplinary approach. The book is comprehensive in scope, covering traditional topics like perception, memory, and problem solving. However, it also describes recent advances in the study of free will, ethical behavior, affective architectures, social robots, and hybrid human-machine societies.
Artificial Psychology: Learning from the Unexpected Capabilities of Large Language Models (Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics)
by Clayton LewisThe success of predictive large language models (PLLMs) like GPT3 and ChatGPT has created both enthusiasts and skeptics of their widespread practical applications, but this book argues that the larger significance of such models is contained in what they suggest about human cognition. To explore this potential, the book develops a thought experiment called the Prediction Room, a reference to John Searle’s influential Chinese Room argument, in which a human agent processes language by following a set of opaque written rules without possessing an inherent understanding of the language. The book proposes a new Room model—the Prediction Room with its resident Prediction Agent—generalizing the working of large language models. Working through a wide range of topics in cognitive science, the book challenges the conclusion of Searle’s thought experiment, that discredited contemporary artificial intelligences (AI), through the suggestion that the Prediction Room offers a means of exploring how new ideas in AI can provide productive alternatives to traditional understandings of human cognition. In considering the implications of this, the book reviews an array of topics and issues in cognitive science to uncover new ideas and reinforce older ideas about the mental mechanisms involved in both sides. The discussion of these topics in the book serves two purposes. First, it aims to stimulate new thinking about familiar topics like language acquisition or the nature and acquisition of concepts. Second, by contrasting human psychology with the form of artificial psychology these models exhibit, it uncovers how new directions in the development of these systems can be better explored.
Artificial Rearing of Reduviid Predators for Pest Management
by K. Sahayaraj R. BalasubramanianThis eye-opening book focuses on the development of techniques to mass-produce reduviid predators and important generalist predators, an endeavor that won't prove sufficient if the cost of commercialization is prohibitive. Advancing mass production to the level of economic feasibility is critical, so that these new technologies can compete in the open market. This book commences with a review of the diversity of reduviid predators in agro-ecosystems world-wide, followed by chapters on their feeding behavior, biology, gut microbiota, their enzyme profile, body protein and genomics, and DNA and field evaluation reports. The field evaluation of reduviids, a worldwide undertaking, is addressed in the last chapter. Each chapter includes a separate conclusion and future recommendations. Detailed information is also included on ingredients and artificial diet preparation, storage and the impact on predators. The artificial rearing of reduviid predator for crop pest management is an essential reference and teaching tool for teachers, researchers and extension workers in developed and developing countries alike, allowing them to produce reduviid predators and important natural enemies in biocontrol and bio-intensive integrated pest management programs. The book offers an excellent resource for all those who are working on beneficial arthropod mass production. It is also an essential reference guide for agricultural and biological sciences scientists, entomologists, crop protection specialists, extension workers, and consultants.
Artificial Receptors for Chemical Sensors
by Vladimir M. Mirsky Anatoly K. YatsimirskyThe first to provide systematically organized information on all three important aspects of artificial receptor design, this book brings together knowledge on an exceptionally hot and multidisciplinary field of research. Strong emphasis is placed on the methodology for discovering artificial receptors, with both definitions for chemosensitivity as well as experimental setups supplied. There follows coverage of numerous classes of artificial receptors, including synthesis, immobilization on surfaces, and quantitative data on properties. The third part of the book focuses on receptor arrays for artificial nose and tongue applications and the whole is rounded off with an outlook and an appendix with all relevant quantitative data on artificial receptors.
Artificial Reef Evaluation: With Application to Natural Marine Habitats
by William SeamanBeneath the coastal waters of the world lie thousands of artificial reefs. Some are old and retired freighters and ships that once plied the oceans of the world but now serve as habitats for marine life. Others are newer reefs that have been designed and built for specific applications. With the field of aquatic habitat technology continually growi
Artificial Reefs: Marine and Freshwater Applications
by Frank M. D'itriIn this book fisheries biologists, ecologists, limnologists, oceanographers, aquatic resource managers and planners, commercial fisherman and environmental scientists are offered information on the latest artificial fishing reef designs, siting and placement methods, and ecological research as well as an overview of current united states legislation and regulations.
Artificial Reefs in Fisheries Management (CRC Marine Biology Series)
by Stephen A. Bortone Frederico Pereira Brandini Gianna Fabi Shinya OtakeWhile artificial reefs may have much to offer, they remain an anecdote in the greater scheme of fisheries management, primarily due to the lack of data specific to validating their use. Based on papers presented at the 9th Conference on Artificial Reefs and Artificial Habitats (CARAH) and also including original articles written for this reference,
Artificial Riboswitches: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1111)
by Atsushi OgawaArtificial riboswitches and other ligand-responsive gene regulators make it possible to switch protein synthesis ON or OFF with arbitrary ligand molecules. Artificial Riboswitches: Methods and Protocols focuses on the state-of-the-art methods developed in recent years for creating artificial riboswitches, therefore this volume could be regarded as a collection of recipes for the gene circuit elements in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Chapters cover topics such as screening or rational design methods for obtaining artificial riboswitches that function in either bacterial or eukaryotic translational systems, protocols for evaluating the activities of the resultant riboswitches, as well as protocols for construction of ligand-dependent, trans-acting gene regulators. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Artificial Riboswitches: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve not only bioengineers who aim to reprogram cell behaviors and molecular biologists who leverage these regulators for genetic studies, but to all researchers interested in this fascinating field.
The Artificial River
by Carol SheriffWinner of Best Manuscript Award from the New York State Historical Association Artificial River reveals the human dimension of the story of the Erie Canal. Carol Sheriff's extensive, innovative archival research shows the varied responses of ordinary people-- farmers, businessmen, government officials, tourists, workers-- to this major environmental, social, and cultural transformation in the early life of the Republic.
The Artificial River: The Erie Canal and the Paradox of Progress, 1817–1862
by Carol SheriffRediscover the Gems of Antiquity in The Artificial RiverWoven from a rich tapestry of research, The Artificial River is more than just a historical account of the Erie Canal—it encapsulates a pivotal era in United States history, especially the monumental strides in engineering, commerce, and socio-cultural shifts between the War of 1812 and the Civil War.Join Carol Sheriff as she vividly paints the human endeavor behind the making of the Erie Canal—an artificial river that irrevocably changed landscapes and lives.This skillfully crafted narrative opens the door to the past, inviting you on a fascinating journey through time. The Artificial River immerses you in the lives of ordinary yet extraordinary individuals—farmers, businessmen, tourists, and government officials—who stood at the forefront of this significant transformation.The Erie Canal wasn’t just a waterway–it was a lifeline that laid the foundation for the capitalist democracy we know today. The Artificial River is a cleverly bound chronicle of American commerce and the spirit of public good—one that’s sure to captivate history enthusiasts and casual readers alike.
Artificial Satellites and How to Observe Them (Astronomers' Observing Guides)
by Richard Schmude Jr.Every amateur astronomer - and many non-astronomers - will be familiar with seeing a "star" that shows that characteristic steady slide across the starry background of the sky. Artificial satellites can be seen any night, and some as bright as the planets. But how many of us can identify which satellites or spent launch vehicle casing we are seeing? Artificial Satellites and How to Observe Them describes all the different satellites that can be observed without optical aid, including of course the International Space Station and the many spy satellites operated by different nations. Richard Schmude looks at them in detail and describes how they can be observed by amateurs, how to recognize them, and even how to predict their orbits. Artificial satellites have changed since the beginning of the millenium. Several additional countries have launched them. And amateur astronomers have utilized digital cameras in order to image satellites to a resolution of about three feet. This book describes how to recognize, observe, and image satellites. Examples of recent images and how they were made are given. It also offers up-to-date descriptions of the many satellites that are orbiting the Earth and other celestial bodies. Readers can learn how satellites impact our day-to-day lives. In short, Artificial Satellites and How to Observe Them is a detailed and up-to-date overview of artificial satellites and how to study them in the night sky.
The Artificial Self: The Psychology of Hippolyte Taine
by Hilary Nias"This book reassesses Taine as the very model of the European intellectual in the second half of the 19th century. The author draws on unpublished manuscripts and letters to reveal a self-disguised, tentative and ironic mentality very like the one Taine described in his psychological writings. These qualities are reflected not only in his own ludic response to his times, but in that of many fellow Second Empire intellectuals. Darwinian evolution, new scientific discoveries, ""la Critique"" and Impressionism all made a profound impact on Taine's thinking and on his contribution to the moral revival and Nationalism of the Third Republic."
Artificial Self-recovery and Autonomous Health of Machine
by Gao JinjiThis book explores the research fields of engineering cybernetics, bionics, artificial self-recovery and engineering self-recoveries. It explains the scientific and technological research results of artificial self-recovery, autonomous health technology and the application cases of assisted rehabilitation and autonomous health engineering. It provides guidance, latest research trends and development direction for researchers, scholars and engineers engaged in mechanical equipment fault diagnosis and autonomous health.
The Artificial Silk Girl: A Novel
by Irmgard Keun Kathie Von AnkumBefore Sex and the City there was Bridget Jones. And before Bridget Jones was The Artificial Silk Girl. In 1931, a young woman writer living in Germany was inspired by Anita Loos's Gentlemen Prefer Blondes to describe pre-war Berlin and the age of cinematic glamour through the eyes of a woman. The resulting novel, The Artificial Silk Girl, became an acclaimed bestseller and a masterwork of German literature, in the tradition of Christopher Isherwood's Berlin Stories and Bertolt Brecht's Three Penny Opera. Like Isherwood and Brecht, Keun revealed the dark underside of Berlin's "golden twenties" with empathy and honesty. Unfortunately, a Nazi censorship board banned Keun's work in 1933 and destroyed all existing copies of The Artificial Silk Girl. Only one English translation was published, in Great Britain, before the book disappeared in the chaos of the ensuing war. Today, more than seven decades later, the story of this quintessential "material girl" remains as relevant as ever, as an accessible new translation brings this lost classic to light once more. Other Press is pleased to announce the republication of The Artificial Silk Girl, elegantly translated by noted Germanist Kathie von Ankum, and with a new introduction by Harvard professor Maria Tatar.
Artificial Societies: The Computer Simulation Of Social Life (Social Research Techniques And Methods Ser.)
by Nigel Gilbert Rosaria ConteAn exploration of the implications of developments in artificial intelligence for social scientific research, which builds on the theoretical and methodological insights provided by "Simulating societies".; This book is intended for worldwide library market for social science subjects such as sociology, political science, geography, archaeology/anthropology, and significant appeal within computer science, particularly artificial intelligence. Also personal reference for researchers.
Artificial Stories
by Rafa OsunaThis book is not about short stories. Well, it is, it’s not JUST a book about short stories. It is also about an experiment I had to do to make sure just where we stand when it comes to the level of creativity that current AI has. That’s why in this book you’ll find two types of short stories. Some are made by me, and some are made by an AI. For every short story, firstly, you will find the text written by me, and, immediately after, you will find another text with the same title, but written by the AI. The latter are based on the text by me where the AI decided to keep the theme, setting, problem at hand, or… whatever the program wanted in each case. I am responsible for the quality of my stories. You can (and should) criticize me. After all, we’re talking about one of the first literary projects that I publish and I’m aware that I won’t win a Nobel Prize. But, what about the quality of the stories written by the AI? Read them, fabricate opinions. That’s what this experiment is about. Obviously, I have my own opinion, but I won’t talk about it, so it doesn’t change yours. You can find me on the main social medias and reach out, maybe our opinions will concur.
Artificial Superintelligence: A Futuristic Approach
by Roman V. YampolskiyA day does not go by without a news article reporting some amazing breakthrough in artificial intelligence (AI). Many philosophers, futurists, and AI researchers have conjectured that human-level AI will be developed in the next 20 to 200 years. If these predictions are correct, it raises new and sinister issues related to our future in the age of
Artificial Things
by Karen Joy FowlerAn extraordinary collection of short stories from the award-winning author of Sarah Canary. Including "Praxis", the story about a theater where the real and unreal collide; "The Poplar Street Study", Fowler's darkly comic account of an alien invasion; and "The Gates of Ghosts", in which a child journeys to a strange and deadly world, this anthology of 13 tales also features a new foreword by the author.The lake was full of artificial things - The Poplar Street study - Face value - The dragon's head - The war of the roses - Contention - Recalling Cinderella - Other planes - The gate of ghosts - The bog people -Wild boys: variations on a theme - The view from Venus - Praxis
Artificial Transmission Lines for RF and Microwave Applications
by Ferran MartínThis book presents and discusses alternatives to ordinary transmission lines for the design and implementation of advanced RF/microwave components in planar technology.This book is devoted to the analysis, study and applications of artificial transmission lines mostly implemented by means of a host line conveniently modified (e.g., with modulation of transverse dimensions, with etched patterns in the metallic layers, etc.) or with reactive loading, in order to achieve novel device functionalities, superior performance, and/or reduced size. The author begins with an introductory chapter dedicated to the fundamentals of planar transmission lines. Chapter 2 is focused on artificial transmission lines based on periodic structures (including non-uniform transmission lines and reactively-loaded lines), and provides a comprehensive analysis of the coupled mode theory. Chapters 3 and 4 are dedicated to artificial transmission lines inspired by metamaterials, or based on metamaterial concepts. These chapters include the main practical implementations of such lines and their circuit models, and a wide overview of their RF/microwave applications (including passive and active circuits and antennas). Chapter 5 focuses on reconfigurable devices based on tunable artificial lines, and on non-linear transmission lines. The chapter also introduces several materials and components to achieve tuning, including diode varactors, RF-MEMS, ferroelectrics, and liquid crystals. Finally, Chapter 6 covers other advanced transmission lines and wave guiding structures, such as electroinductive-/magnetoinductive-wave lines, common-mode suppressed balanced lines, lattice-network artificial lines, and substrate integrated waveguides.Artificial Transmission Lines for RF and Microwave Applications provides an in-depth analysis and discussion of artificial transmission lines, including design guidelines that can be useful to researchers, engineers and students.
Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers Misunderstand the World (The\mit Press Ser.)
by Meredith BroussardA guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology and why we should never assume that computers always get it right.In Artificial Unintelligence, Meredith Broussard argues that our collective enthusiasm for applying computer technology to every aspect of life has resulted in a tremendous amount of poorly designed systems. We are so eager to do everything digitally—hiring, driving, paying bills, even choosing romantic partners—that we have stopped demanding that our technology actually work. Broussard, a software developer and journalist, reminds us that there are fundamental limits to what we can (and should) do with technology. With this book, she offers a guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology—and issues a warning that we should never assume that computers always get things right.Making a case against technochauvinism—the belief that technology is always the solution—Broussard argues that it's just not true that social problems would inevitably retreat before a digitally enabled Utopia. To prove her point, she undertakes a series of adventures in computer programming. She goes for an alarming ride in a driverless car, concluding “the cyborg future is not coming any time soon”; uses artificial intelligence to investigate why students can't pass standardized tests; deploys machine learning to predict which passengers survived the Titanic disaster; and attempts to repair the U.S. campaign finance system by building AI software. If we understand the limits of what we can do with technology, Broussard tells us, we can make better choices about what we should do with it to make the world better for everyone.
Artificial Ventilation: A Basic Clinical Guide
by David J. BakerThis bookprovides a basic clinical guide to the principles and practice of artificialventilation, both manual and mechanical. It covers the development ofartificial ventilation through the ages and the essential anatomy and physiologybehind it. While thereare many detailed texts available on mechanical ventilation, theyare usually aimed at the hospital specialist and cover the many complexmodes of ventilation used in the hospital setting. This book coversthe basics of airway and ventilation management for non-specialists working in pre-hospital andemergency medicine. It fulfils the need for a resource that explainssimply and clearly basic respiratory physiology, the pathophysiology behindrespiratory failure and the practical aspects of artificial ventilation. This book links the two areas of hospital and pre-hospital practice together topromote better understanding of artificial ventilation by medical, paramedicaland nursing personnel working in different fields of medicine.
Artificial Ventilation: A Basic Clinical Guide
by David J. BakerThis book provides a concise, clinical guide to the basics of airway and ventilation management for non-specialists working in pre-hospital and emergency medicine. It fulfills the need for a resource that simply and clearly explains the fundamentals of respiratory physiology, the pathophysiology behind respiratory failure and the practical aspects of artificial ventilation. Artificial Ventilation: A Basic Clinical Guide, 2nd edition has been expanded to include guidance on mass ventilation during a viral pandemic with lessons learnt from the COVID-19 outbreak. It has been fully revised to support non-specialist medical and nursing personnel to understand the basics of artificial ventilation and to be able to improvise mass ventilation outside the ICU. Professionals seeking a clear guidance on currently available devices and new approaches to mechanical ventilation will find this book to be an essential resource for all types of emergency situations where artificial ventilation is required.