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Ancient Teotihuacan: Early Urbanism In Central Mexico (Case Studies In Early Societies)
by George CowgillThis is the first comprehensive English-language book on the largest city in the Americas before the 1400s. Teotihuacan is a UNESCO world heritage site, located in highland central Mexico, about twenty-five miles from Mexico City, visited by millions of tourists every year. The book begins with Cuicuilco, a predecessor that arose around 400 BCE, then traces Teotihuacan from its founding in approximately 150 BCE to its collapse around 600 CE. It describes the city's immense pyramids and other elite structures. It also discusses the dwellings and daily lives of commoners, including men, women, and children, and the craft activities of artisans. George L. Cowgill discusses politics, economics, technology, art, religion, and possible reasons for Teotihuacan's rise and fall. Long before the Aztecs and 800 miles from Classic Maya centers, Teotihuacan was part of a broad Mesoamerican tradition but had a distinctive personality that invites comparison with other states and empires of the ancient world.
Ancient Text Messages of the Yoruba Bata Drum: Cracking the Code (SOAS Studies in Music)
by Amanda VillepastourThe bata is one of the most important and representative percussion traditions of the people in southwest Nigeria, and is now learnt and performed around the world. In Cuba, their own bata tradition derives from the Yoruba bata from Africa yet has had far more research attention than its African predecessor. Although the bata is one of the oldest known Yoruba drumming traditions, the drum and its unique language are now unfamiliar to many contemporary Yoruba people. Amanda Villepastour provides the first academic study of the bata's communication technology and the elaborate coded spoken language of bata drummers, which they refer to as 'ena bata'. Villepastour explains how the bata drummers' speech encoding method links into universal linguistic properties, unknown to the musicians themselves. The analysis draws the direct links between what is spoken in Yoruba, how Yoruba is transformed in to the coded language (ena), how ena prescribes the drum strokes and, finally, how listeners (and which listeners) extract linguistic meaning from what is drummed. The description and analysis of this unique musical system adds substantially to what is known about bata drumming specifically, Yoruba drumming generally, speech surrogacy in music and coded systems of speaking. This book will appeal not only to ethnomusicologists and anthropologists, but also to linguists, drummers and those interested in African Studies.
Ancient Textile Production from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Humanities and Natural Sciences Interwoven for our Understanding of Textiles (Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology)
by Karina Grömer Agata Ulanowska Ina Vanden Berghe Magdalena ÖhrmanThe diverse developments in textile research of the last decade, along with the increased recognition of the importance of textile studies in adjacent fields, now merit a dedicated, full-length publication entitled “Ancient Textile Production from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Humanities and Natural Sciences Interwoven for our Understanding of Textiles”. With this volume, the authors and the editors wish to illustrate to the current impact of textile archaeology on the scholarly perception of the past (not limited to archaeology alone). The volume presents new insights into the consumption, meaning, use and re-use of textiles and dyes, all of which are topics of growing importance in textile research. As indicated by the title, we demonstrate the continued importance of interdisciplinarity by showcasing several ‘interwoven’ approaches to environmental and archaeological remains, textual and iconographic sources, archaeological experiments and ethnographic data, from a large area covering Europe and the Mediterranean, Near East, Africa and Asia. The chronological span is deliberately wide, including materials dating from c. 6th millennium BCE to c. mid-14th century CE. The volume is organised in four parts that aim to reflect the main areas of the textile research in 2020. After the two introductory chapters (Part I: About this Volume and Textile Research in 2020), follow two chapters referring to dyes and dyeing technology in which analytical and material-based studies are linked to contextual sources (Part II: Interdisciplinarity of Colour: Dye Analyses and Dyeing Technologies). The six chapters of Part III: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Textile Tools discuss textiles and textile production starting from the analyses of tools, whether functional or as representative of technological developments or user identity. Archaeological and cultural contexts as well as textile traditions are the main topics of the six chapters in Part IV: Traditions and Contexts: Fibres, Fabrics, Techniques, Uses and Meanings. The two final chapters in Part V: Digital Tools refer to the use of digital tools in textile research, presenting two different case studies.
Ancient Texts for the Study of the Hebrew Bible: A Guide to the Background Literature
by Kenton L. SparksThe Hebrew Bible represents no mere collection of books but a stunning array of literary genres. To fully illuminate the history and culture of the Old Testament, it is necessary to compare these ancient writings to similar texts written concurrently by Israel's neighbors. Beginning with an overview of the important literary archives of the ancient Near East, Sparks provides exhaustive references to the ancient literary counterparts to the Hebrew Bible's major genres. Surveying the ancient writings found throughout Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Palestine, Sparks provides a brief summary of each text discussed, translating brief portions and linking them to literarily similar biblical passages. Exploring over thirty genres--wisdom, hymns, love poetry, rituals, prophecy, apocalyptic, novella, epic legend, myth, genealogy, history, law, treaty, epigraphic materials, and others--it offers an exemplary guide to the fertile literary environment from which the canonical writings sprung. Rich with bibliographic material, this invaluable catalog enables the reader to locate not only the published texts in their original ancient languages but to find suitable English translations and commentary bearing on these ancient texts. A number of helpful indexes round out this outstanding resource. Providing students with a thorough introduction to the literature of the ancient Near East--and time-pressed scholars with an admirably up-to-date research tool--it will become a syllabus standard for a myriad of courses.
Ancient Theatre and Performance Culture Around the Black Sea
by Edith Hall David Braund Rosie WylesThis is the first study of ancient theatre and performance around the coasts of the Black Sea. It brings together key specialists around the region with well-established international scholars on theatre and the Black Sea, from a wide range of disciplines, especially archaeology, drama and history. In that way the wealth of material found around these great coasts is brought together with the best methodology in all fields of study. This landmark book broadens the whole concept and range of theatre outside Athens. It shows ways in which the colonial world of the Black Sea may be compared importantly with Southern Italy and Sicily in terms of theatre and performance. At the same time, it shows too how the Black Sea world itself can be better understood through a focus on the development of theatre and performance there, both among Greeks and among their local neighbours.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 1 (Volume 1 #1)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 10 (Volume 10 #10)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 11 (Volume 11 #11)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 12 (Volume 12 #12)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 3 (Volume 3 #3)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 4 (Volume 4 #4)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 5 (Volume 5 #5)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 6 (Volume 6 #6)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 7 (Volume 7 #7)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 8 (Volume 8 #8)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell: Volume 9 (Volume 9 #9)
by Xi LangWhen 10 year old Lei Yang became known as a loser in Wuyuan town. He was judged inferior on family aptitude tests, making him the worst in the family's history. In such a world of advocating cultivation, inferior aptitude, which is not a patch on mediocrity, is a constitution that is incapatable to cultivate at all."It is better to die than to live with no dignity!"Five years later, he shocked everyone with his dragon bloodline accidentally awakened and obtained a page of extraordinary scripture of once supreme race by chance coincidence. When the screen of light of the trial board began to fade, and finally vanished into nothingness. Everyone knew that the world situation was set. And from then on, the name of Lei Yang, would spread throughout the five regions, this once unknown guy, would be destined to become the focus of attention, and his martial was also destined to rise from now on，and become the sarcar, overlord one day.☆About the Author☆Xi Lang, a young writer, has been obsessed with wuxia novels since childhood. In order to share his fantasy world with more people, he chose to put his love into practice and became a writer. Thus his debut novel "Ancient Thunder Dragon Spell" came out. He once said, 'even if there is only one reader, I will definitely finish the novel.
Ancient Tillage
by Karen Sherwood Sotelino Raduan NassarA Brazilian master novelist in English at last For André, a young man growing up on a farm in Brazil, life consists of “the earth, the wheat, the bread, our table, and our family.” He loves the land, fears his austere, pious father, who preaches from the head of the table as if from a pulpit, and loathes himself as he begins to harbor shameful feelings for his sister Ana. Lyrical and sensual, written with biblical intensity, this classic Brazilian coming-of-age novel follows André’s tormented path. He falls into the comforting embrace of liquor as—in his psychological and sexual awakening—he must choose between body and soul, obligation and freedom.
Ancient Times: Volume 1 (Volume 1 #1)
by ZhenyinfangThere are four ancient countries under the ancient continent. The four ancient countries are Blizzard Empire, Yanhuo Empire, canglan Empire and Yongsheng empire.Ye Fan, an ordinary young man, was involved in the enmity of divinity, Hades and demonism. Through danger, she did not die, but gained the favor of the three saints.Inadvertently get the dragon ring, get the heritage of the ancient god, ye Chen carp leap dragon gate, become the outstanding talents of the practitioners.Ye Fan defeated the joint attack of the three great religions, established his own new religion, became the leader of the church, and lived happily with the three saints.
Ancient Titicaca: The Evolution of Complex Society in Southern Peru and Northern Bolivia
by Charles StanishA broad, up-to-date synthesis of 4000 years of prehistoric social and political organization in the Lake Titicaca region of southern Peru and Bolivia, from the time the region was first settled (about 2000 BC) to the coming of the Spaniards in the 1530s.
Ancient Treasures: The Discovery of Lost Hoards, Sunken Ships, Buried Vaults, and Other Long-Forgotten Artifacts
by Brian HaughtonWhy are so many people fascinated by treasure? Is it purely a desire for wealth, or is it also the romantic appeal of tales of lost ancient artifacts?It is certainly true that the stories behind the loss and recovery of a number of ancient treasures read like edge-of-the-seat fiction, somewhere between Indiana Jones and James Bond.In Ancient Treasures, you will read fascinating stories of lost hoards, looted archaeological artifacts, and sunken treasures, including:The Sevso Treasure, a hoard of large silver vessels from the late Roman Empireestimated to be worth $200 millionlooted in the 1970s and sold on the black market.The Amber Room, a complete chamber decoration of amber panels backed with gold leaf and mirrors, stolen by the Nazis in 1941 and brought to the castle at Knigsberg in Russia, from which it disappeared.The fabulous wealth of Roman and Viking hoards buried in the ground for safekeeping, only to be unearthed centuries later by humble metal detectorists.The wrecks of the Spanish treasure fleets, whose New World plunder has been the target of elaborate salvage attempts by modern treasure hunters
Ancient Turkey (Routledge World Archaeology)
by Antonio Sagona Paul ZimanskyStudents of antiquity often see ancient Turkey as a bewildering array of cultural complexes. Ancient Turkey brings together in a coherent account the diverse and often fragmented evidence, both archaeological and textual, that forms the basis of our knowledge of the development of Anatolia from the earliest arrivals to the end of the Iron Age. Much new material has recently been excavated and unlike Greece, Mesopotamia, and its other neighbours, Turkey has been poorly served in terms of comprehensive, up-to-date and accessible discussions of its ancient past. Ancient Turkey is a much needed resource for students and scholars, providing an up-to-date account of the widespread and extensive archaeological activity in Turkey. Covering the entire span before the Classical period, fully illustrated with over 160 images and written in lively prose, this text will be enjoyed by anyone interested in the archaeology and early history of Turkey and the ancient Near East.
Ancient Underground Opening and Preservation: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Scientific Problems and Long-term Preservation of Large-scale Ancient Underground Engineering (23-26 October 2015, Longyou, Zhejiang, China)
by Zhifa Yang Chikaosa TanimotoAncient Underground Opening and Preservation contains 59 papers presented at the International Symposium on Scientific Problems and Long-term Preservation of Largescale Ancient Underground Engineering (Longyou, China, 23-26 October 2015). The contributions focus on scientific and technical issues related to long-term preservation of large-scale anc
Ancient Urban Planning in the Mediterranean: New Research Directions
by Samantha L. Martin-McAuliffe Daniel M. MilletteNew Directions in Urban Planning in the Ancient Mediterranean assembles the most up-to-date research on the design and construction of ancient cities in the wider Mediterranean. In particular, this edited collection reappraises and sheds light on ’lost’ Classical plans. Whether intentional or not, each ancient plan has the capacity to embody specific messages linked to such notions as heritage and identity. Over millennia, cities may be divested of their buildings and monuments, and can experience periods of dramatic rebuilding, but their plans often have the capacity to endure. As such, this volume focuses on Greek and Roman grid traces - both literal and figurative. This rich selection of innovative studies explores the ways that urban plans can assimilate into the collective memory of cities and smaller settlements. In doing so, it also highlights how collective memory adapts to or is altered by the introduction of re-aligned plans and newly constructed monuments.
Ancient Views on the Quality of Life (SpringerBriefs in Well-Being and Quality of Life Research)
by Alex C. MichalosThis monograph describes the contributions to our current understanding of quality of life made by the most important ancient philosophers in the Western Tradition. It does so from the point of view of a contemporary researcher in quality of life or human well-being. Revisiting ancient texts from about 600 BCE to 300 BCE, the book explores the earliest ideas in recorded western philosophical and scientific history that were significantly related to current research and understanding of the quality of life or well-being for individuals and communities. It examines the problems and solutions found in these texts and their connection to still current fundamental issues and questions such as: 'What is a good life?', 'What is the best sort of person to be?' 'How can one tell if one's society is making progress to some sort of desirable state or falling backwards?' The book shows that across time and across many cultures, the human species bears some remarkable similarities.
Ancient Warfare: A Very Short Introduction
by Harry SidebottomGreek and Roman warfare was unlike that of any other culture before or since. The key difference is often held to be that the Greeks and Romans practiced a "Western Way of War," in which the aim is an open, decisive battle--won by courage instilled, in part, by discipline. Here, Harry Sidebottom looks at how this Western Way of War was constructed and maintained by the Greeks and Romans and why this concept is so prevalent today. All aspects of ancient warfare are thoroughly examined--from philosophy and strategy to the technical skills needed to fight. Sidebottom examines war in the wider context, showing how wars were able to shape classical society, and how an individual's identity was sometimes constructed by war, as in the case of the Christian soldier fighting in God's name. He also explores the ways in which ancient society thought about conflict: Can a war be just? Why was siege warfare particularly bloody? What role did divine intervention play in the outcome of a battle? Taking fascinating examples from the Iliad, Tacitus, and the Persian Wars, Sidebottom uses arresting anecdotes and striking visual images to show that any understanding of ancient war is an ongoing process of interpretation.