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Bacterial Genomes: Trees and Networks
by Aswin Sai Narain SeshasayeeMicrobes form the “unseen majority” of life on Earth, with bacteria at the forefront as both the architects of life’s chemical foundations and agents of disease. But their story is far more complex. Bacteria thrive in diverse and extreme environments, driven by the dynamic evolution of their genomes. These tiny organisms wield an extraordinary ability to adapt, balancing genetic changes across generations with rapid physiological responses to environmental shifts. In Bacterial Genomes, the evolutionary and regulatory processes that shape bacterial life are brought to life. This textbook offers a conceptual exploration of how bacterial genomes are organized, how they evolve, and how their genetic information is interpreted through intricate molecular networks. Drawing on both cutting-edge research and the historical milestones that shaped microbiology, it illuminates how bacteria navigate the intersection of genetic adaptation and ecological resilience. Designed for college students, interdisciplinary researchers, and even the determined amateur, Aswin Seshasayee moves beyond technical jargon to provide a thought-provoking synthesis of bacterial evolution and adaptation. Unlike traditional genomics texts, this book blends historical insights with contemporary discoveries, offering a fresh perspective on the role of bacteria in shaping the living world.
Bacterial Identification and Drug Susceptibility Patterns in Pregnant and Non Pregnant UTI Patients (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Syeda Sograh Fatima Eman Al MussaedThis book provides a review of essential research on urinary tract infections (UTIs), as well as a broader perspective on methodologies adopted for the isolation and identification of the bacteria from urine samples of pregnant and non-pregnant women on the basis of their cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The identification is extended to the strain level by means of molecular identification involving BLAST as a bioinformatics tool. The book also addresses the roles of various other bioinformatics tools for tracing the phylogenetic tree and conservation studies among the bacteriocin of the identified bacteria. Lastly, it assesses the antibiotics resistance patterns of these isolates.
Bacterial Infections and the Kidney
by Anjali A. Satoskar Tibor NadasdyThis text is designed to present a comprehensive and state-of the-art but practical approach to the diagnosis and management of bacterial infection associated renal disease. The chapters address the different types of glomerular, tubulointerstitial and vascular diseases, associated with bacterial infections, describe diagnostic pitfalls, provide differential diagnosis and discuss treatment and management. Easy to follow diagnostic algorithms and tables are included for practical usefulness. The text provides a large number of color microphotographs, illustrations and each chapter refers to the most important up to date literature in the area. All chapters are written by experts in the field and will include the most up-to-date clinical information. A comprehensive but user friendly resource on renal complications of bacterial infection, such as this book, is overdue, particularly now in the era of staphylococcus epidemic and emerging new resistant bacterial strains. Bacterial Infections and the Kidney will be an important resource for pathologists, nephrologists, general internists, infectious disease specialists, and urologists. Transplant surgeons may find the chapter on transplant pyelonephritis very useful.
Bacterial Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control
by Elias Abrutyn Philip S. BrachmanThe new Fourth Edition of Bacterial Infections of Humans reflects a decade of important discoveries, technological progress, and valuable new therapies as well as emerging and reemerging infections, resistant strains of bacteria, and threats of bioterrorism. It offers accessible, up-to-date information across the range of disease entities. As in previous editions, introductory chapters review general concepts of infection and epidemiology, and the chapters devoted to specific infections follow a consistent and highly useful format: historical background, methodology (diagnosis and pathology), biology, descriptive epidemiology, mechanism and routes of transmission, pathogenesis, host responses, methods of prevention and control, and areas for future research. All material has been thoroughly updated, and two chapters on molecular epidemiology and health care-acquired bacterial infections, are entirely new. A sampling of the 40 diseases and clinical syndromes covered in the Fourth Edition: Anthrax Bacterial foodborne disease Chlamydia E. coli Legionellosis Meningitis Q fever Tuberculosis Bacterial Infections of Humans has been noted for ably complementing textbooks on the subject, and this most current edition remains a major reference for professionals in the field, including public health practitioners, microbiologists, immunologists, researchers studying pathogenic bacteria, clinicians working with infectious disease, and medical or nursing students.
Bacterial Integrative Mobile Genetic Elements (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit Ser.)
by Adam P. Roberts Peter MullanyAs our understanding of mobile genetic elements continues to grow we are gaining a deeper appreciation of their importance in shaping the bacterial genome and in the properties they confer to their bacterial hosts. These include, but are by no means limited to, resistance to antibiotics, and heavy metals, toxin production and increased virulence, production of antibiotics and the ability to utilize a diverse range of metabolic substrates. We are also gaining an understanding of diversity of these elements and their interactions with each other; a property which continually complicates any attempt to classify them. We are learning more about the molecular mechanisms by which they translocate to new genomic sites both within genomes and between different bacteria. This book provides a timely, state of the art update on the properties of an important selection of different bacterial integrative mobile genetic elements and the myriad of different ways in which they move and influence the biology of the host bacterium. The chapters are all written by authors who have undertaken pioneering work in their respective fields, making this book vital reading for all who are interested in the biology of bacteria and the mobile elements they carry.
Bacterial Interference
by Raza AlyThis text will provide a useful reference and guild to those who are interested in this important approach to microbial ecology. This book aims to provide the basis for future investigations which will in turn result in a practical biologic approach to the control and prevention of some serious infectious diseases.
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides: Structure, Chemical Synthesis, Biogenesis and Interaction with Host Cells
by Miguel A. Valvano Yuriy A. KnirelThe bacterial lipopolysaccharide also known as endotoxin is exhaustively covered in the present work. Central emphasis is placed upon the fine chemical structure of the lipopolysaccharide and its significance for understanding their activity and function. In particular, the role it plays in the interaction of bacteria with other biological systems is examined. New aspects of their physicochemical biology are introduced and updates to the current knowledge concerning the lipopolysaccharide are provided. This important class of biomolecules has recently attracted the attention of many investigators, in particular for understanding its involvement in innate immunity, toll-like receptor recognition and intracellular signaling.
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Biogenesis, Functions and Applications
by Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos Thomas A. KuferThis book focuses on the multitude of functions bacterial membrane vesicles perform in bacterial ecology and pathogenesis as well as in emerging medical and biotechnological applications. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria produce membrane-bound nanostructures, known as membrane vesicles, which have a range of functions that include serving as delivery vehicles, providing a means of communication over both spatial and temporal scales, and contributing to bacterial survival and evolution. Topics covered in this book range from the biogenesis and composition of bacterial membrane vesicles to their abundance and biological roles in microbial ecosystems, such as marine environments. In the individual chapters, the involvement of bacterial membrane vesicles in host-pathogen interactions, promoting virulence and in facilitating the establishment of infection is explained. In addition, current knowledge regarding membrane vesicles produced by commensal bacteria and their role in the maturation of the host immune system, as well as the therapeutic potential of bacterial membrane vesicles as delivery systems and innovative nanotechnology-based therapeutics are discussed. This work appeals to a wide readership of students and researchers interested in microbial ecology, mechanism underlying pathogenesis and new avenues in applied microbiology and nanotechnology.
Bacterial Metabolites in Sustainable Agroecosystem (Sustainable Development and Biodiversity #12)
by Dinesh K. MaheshwariThere has been a resurgence of interest in environmental friendly, sustainable and organic cultural practices that warrants high yield and quality in agricultural crops. To enhance sustainable agricultural production and alleviate food scarcity, spoor of majority of microorganisms, especially plant growth and health promoting bacteria of eminent characteristics that allow them for exploitation in agro-ecosystem. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are the soil bacteria inhabiting around/on the root surface and are directly or indirectly involved in promoting plant growth and development via production and secretion of various regulatory chemicals in the vicinity of rhizosphere. Among various beneficial bacteria mediated mechanisms include direct production of phytohormones and biosurfactants experiencing quest of research and concept up gradation that can built emerging paradigm (agriculture model). Research on bacteria-mediated phytohormones is crucially important, provides key understanding of the plant growth and development. Various genera including PGPR group of bacteria are potential source of plant growth regulators. Application of such organism allow plants to survive under abiotic and biotic stress conditions besides govern phytohormone mediated immune response and manage to regulate hormones. Such group of bacteria also produce another important metabolite i. e. biosurfacatants which are involved in many important functions to bacteria itself as we ll as for the plants and their ecosystem. Biosurfactants may alter nutrient availability, endogenous metabolites such as antibiotics production, root colonization imparting protection from phytopathogens besides eradicating soil contaminants and other pollutants. The role and activities of surfactants produced by bacteria are multifarious in nature. Thus, bacterial phytohormones and biosurfactants are identified as effector molecules in plant- microbe interactions, in pathogenesis and phyto-stimulation which can either be beneficial for the bacteria itself or for the crops. This book highlights current applications and research on bacterial hormones and surfactants to provide a timely overview. The chapters have been contributed by subject experts from around the world and include topics of varied importance which include phytohormones production by rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria, their role in rhizosphere competence, plant growth regulation, bioremediation, biosurfactants as antibiofilm agents and other aspects. This major new work represents a valuable source of information to all those scientists interested in microbial technology with respect to the microbial innovative products and applications towards sustainable agroecosystem.
Bacterial Molecular Networks: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #804)
by Ariane Toussaint Denis Thieffry Jacques Van HeldenNetwork-based representations have become pervasive in most fields in biology. Bacterial Molecular Networks: Methods and Protocols provides authoritative descriptions of various experimental and computational methods enabling the characterization and analysis of molecular interaction networks, with a focus on bacteria. Divided into three convenient sections, this volume provides extensive coverage of various experimental and in silico approaches aiming at the characterization of network components, addresses the presentation of computational approaches to analyze the topology of molecular networks, and further introduces a variety of methods and tools enabling scientists to generate qualitative or quantitative dynamical models of molecular processes in bacteria. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Bacterial Molecular Networks: Methods and Protocols is intended primarily for post-graduate students and researchers working in the field of experimental and computational microbiology and provides a combination of up-to-date reviews along with detailed protocols written by the developers of bioinformatics resources, such as databases and software tools.
Bacterial Multidrug Exporters: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1700)
by Akihito Yamaguchi Kunihiko NishinoThis detailed volume utilizes our current understanding of the structural basis of multidrug recognition and multidrug efflux mechanisms to provide protocols involving these vital intrinsic membrane proteins widely distributed in bacteria. Beginning with protocols for the structural analysis of bacterial multidrug exporters, the book continues with sections on biochemical and bioengineering analysis, computational analysis, biomedical approaches, as well as advanced technologies expected to be applied to multidrug efflux transport studies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective chapters, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Bacterial Multidrug Exporters: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to this fast moving field of study.
Bacterial NanoCellulose: A Sophisticated Multifunctional Material (Perspectives In Nanotechnology Ser. #9)
by Miguel GamaThe first book dedicated to the potential applications and unique properties of bacterial cellulose (BC), this seminal work covers the basic science, technology, and economic impact of this bulk chemical as well as the companies and patents that are driving the field. It reviews the biosynthesis and properties of BC, including genetics and characterization; discusses the advancing technology as it relates to product development, bioreactors, and production; and analyzes the economic impact of BC on a diverse range of industry applications, including materials and biomaterials, biological and polymer sciences, and electromechanical engineering.
The Bacterial Nucleoid: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1624)
by Olivier EspéliThis volume presents state-of-the-art protocols for key experiments that have revolutionized our understanding of the bacterial nucleoid. This book is divided into five parts: Part I introduces molecular genetic methods to study bacterial nucleoids; Part II highlights the study of bacterial nucleoid with whole genome analysis method; Part III discusses molecular biology methods to study nucleoid structuring factors; Part IV looks at imaging bacterial nucleoid; and Part V explores biophysics of the bacterial nucleoid. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and cutting-edge, The Bacterial Nucleoid: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that provides a wealth of new information about this chromosome.
Bacterial Organelles and Organelle-like Inclusions (Microbiology Monographs #34)
by Dieter JendrossekThe new series "Microbiology Monographs" begins with two volumes on intracellular components in prokaryotes. In this first volume, "Inclusions in Prokaryotes", the components, labeled inclusions, are defined as discrete bodies resulting from synthesis of a metabolic product. Research on the biosynthesis and reutilization of the accumulated materials is still in progress, and interest in the inclusions is growing. This comprehensive volume provides historical background and comprehensive reviews of eight well-known prokaryotic inclusions.
Bacterial Pangenomics: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1231)
by Marco Fondi Alessio Mengoni Marco GalardiniBacterial genomics is a mature research interdisciplinary field, which is approached by ecologists, geneticists, bacteriologists, molecular biologists and evolutionary biologists working in medical, industrial and basic science. Thanks to the large diffusion of bacterial genome analysis, Bacterial Pangenomics: Methods and Protocols is able to provide the most recent methodologies about the study of bacterial pangenomes by covering the three major areas: the experimental methods for approaching bacterial pangenomics, the bio informatic pipelines for analysis and annotation of sequence data and finally the methods for inferring functional and evolutionary features from the pangenome. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Bacterial Pangenomics: Methods and Protocols will serve as a field guide for both qualified bacterial genomics investigators who want to update their technical knowledge, for less experienced researchers who want to start working with bacterial genomics and pangenomics, as well as serving as a manual and supplemental textbook for graduate students of genomics and bioinformatics. "
Bacterial Pangenomics: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2242)
by Alessio Mengoni Giovanni Bacci Marco FondiThis completely revised edition explores novel discoveries in bacterial genomic research, with a focus on technical and computational improvements as well as methods used for bacterial pangenome analysis, which relies on microbiome studies and metagenomic data. Beginning with up-to-date sequencing methods, the book continues with sections covering methods for deep phylogenetic analysis, the role of metagenomic data in understanding the genomics of the many yet uncultured bacteria, progress in genome-to-phenome inference, as well as computational genomic tools. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the type of practical detail necessary for reproducible results in the lab. Authoritative and up-to-date, Bacterial Pangenomics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide for both highly qualified investigators in bacterial genomics and for less experienced researchers, including students and teachers, who could use a reference for approaching genomic analysis and genome data.
Bacterial Pathogenesis: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1535)
by Pontus Nordenfelt Mattias CollinThis volume discusses various methods and protocols used for the experimentation of a wide range of bacterial species, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium marinum. Bacterial Pathogens: Methods and Protocols is divided into 6 parts: Part 1 describes different approaches to identifying and characterizing bacterial effector molecules; Part 2 deals with structural biology of bacterial pathogenesis and how to overcome folding and stability problems with recombinantly expressed proteins; Part 3 details methodology that identifies bacteria in complex communities and how genomes of bacterial pathogens have evolved; Part 4 reflects on the rapid development of advanced imaging techniques that address questions about molecular properties of individual live bacteria, ultrastructure of surfaces, and subcellular localization of bacterial proteins; Part 5 describes methods from in vitro and in vivo modeling of bacterial infections; and Part 6 explores how bacterial pathogens are the true experts of the immune system. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Bacterial Pathogens: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for anyone who is interested in this fascinating and evolving field.
Bacterial Pathogenesis: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2674)
by Pontus Nordenfelt Mattias CollinThis detailed volume presents a diverse set of methodological approaches designed to improve our understanding of bacterial infections from a wide range of bacterial species. Beginning with biofilms and subcellular compartments, the book explores transcriptional analysis, methods for studying plasmid dynamics, and tools for phylogenetic analysis of bacterial genomes, as well as bacterial effector proteins interfering with host systems, host response analysis, and in vivo and in vitro infection models. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Bacterial Pathogenesis: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a vital resource for researchers in the area of infection biology, as well as but not limited to, those working in the fields of microbiology, immunology, structural biology, molecular biology, genetics, imaging, and computational study.
Bacterial Pathogenesis: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #431)
by Michael Otto Frank DeleoBacterial infections affect world health today as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This book presents in-depth methods and state-of-the-art protocols for investigating specific mechanisms of pathogenesis for a wide range of bacteria. Written by experts in the field, this invaluable collection includes protocols to study host-pathogen interactions, animal models of infection, and novel approaches to identifying therapeutic targets designed to control infections.
Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach (ASM Books)
by Brenda A. Wilson Malcolm Winkler Brian T. HoThis highly anticipated update of the acclaimed textbook draws on the latest research to give students the knowledge and tools to explore the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens cause infections in humans and animals. Written in an approachable and engaging style, the book uses illustrative examples and thought-provoking exercises to inspire students with the potential excitement and fun of scientific discovery. Completely revised and updated, and for the first time in stunning full-color, Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach, Fourth Edition, builds on the core principles and foundations of its predecessors while expanding into new concepts, key findings, and cutting-edge research, including new developments in the areas of the microbiome and CRISPR as well as the growing challenges of antimicrobial resistance. All-new detailed illustrations help students clearly understand important concepts and mechanisms of the complex interplay between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. Study questions at the end of each chapter challenge students to delve more deeply into the topics covered, and hone their skills in reading, interpreting, and analyzing data, as well as devising their own experiments. A detailed glossary defines and expands on key terms highlighted throughout the book. Written for advanced undergraduate, graduate, and professional students in microbiology, bacteriology, and pathogenesis, this text is a must-have for anyone looking for a greater understanding of virulence mechanisms across the breadth of bacterial pathogens.
Bacterial Pathogens and Their Virulence Factors
by Douglas I. JohnsonBacterial Pathogens and their Virulence Factors contains a detailed description of 32 major bacterial pathogens that affect human health and their associated virulence determinants. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the different types and classes of general virulence factors involved in host cell adherence and invasion, dissemination within the host, host cell damage, and evasion of host defense systems, as well as mechanisms by which these virulence factors are regulated. Chapters 2 through 33 give concise descriptions of the disease states associated with the 32 bacterial genera and their major pathogenic species, along with an in-depth description of the individual virulence factors that have been found to be functionally involved in pathogenicity. A detailed bibliography derived from primary literature and review articles accompanies each of these chapters, allowing the reader to delve more deeply into individual pathogens and their virulence determinants. Chapter 34 discusses the exciting possibilities and initial successes of using detailed information on a pathogen's virulence toolkit to design new therapeutics aimed at specific virulence traits.
Bacterial Persistence: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1333)
by Jan Michiels Maarten FauvartThis volume presents a comprehensive collection of methods that have been instrumental to the current understanding of bacterial persisters. Chapters in the book cover topics ranging from general methods for measuring persister levels in Escherichia coli cultures, protocols for the determination of the persister subpopulation in Candida albicans, quantitative measurements of Type I and Type II persisters using ScanLag, to in vitro and in vivo models for the study of the intracellular activity of antibiotics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Bacterial Persistence: Methods and Protocols brings together the most respected researchers in bacterial persistence whose studies will remain vital to understanding this field for many years to come.
Bacterial Persistence: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2357)
by Jan Michiels Natalie VerstraetenThis volume presents a collection of methods that have contributed to the current understanding of bacterial persisters. Chapters in the book detail general guidelines for measuring persister levels in bacterial cultures, strategies to enrich and resuscitate persister subpopulations, single-cell approaches for visualizing and characterizing persisters, omics techniques and cellular and animal models for studying persistence. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Bacterial Persistence: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a useful practical guide to researchers to help further their study in this field.
Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism
by Byung Hong Kim Geoffrey Michael GaddRecent determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria has made in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function essential in order to give biochemical, physiological, and ecological meaning to the genomic information. Clearly describing the important metabolic processes that occur in prokaryotes under different conditions and in different environments, this advanced text provides an overview of the key cellular processes that determine bacterial roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Prokaryotic structure is described as well as the means by which nutrients are transported into cells across membranes. Glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the TCA cycle are discussed, as well as other trophic variations found in prokaryotes, including the use of organic compounds, anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic respiratory processes, and photosynthesis. The regulation of metabolism through control of gene expression and control of the activity of enzymes is also covered, as well as survival mechanisms used under starvation conditions.
Bacterial Pili: Structure, Synthesis and Role in Disease (Advances in Molecular and Cellular Microbiology)
by Michèle A. Barocchi John L. TelfordBacterial pili play important roles as environmental sensors, in host colonization and in biofilm formation, enabling bacteria to interact with the environment, with surfaces and with other bacteria and host cells. Most bacteria, both Gram positive and Gram negative, and almost all bacterial pathogens, are piliated. This book discusses the synthesis, structure, evolution, function and role in pathogenesis of these complex structures, and their basis for vaccine development and therapeutics for Streptococcus pathogens. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and students of medical microbiology.