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Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils: Monitoring, Toxicity, Risk Assessment And Management (Soil Biology Ser. #51)
by Ajit Varma Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi Vladimir StrezovThis book summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil environment. It covers a wide range of topics to help readers understand antibiotics and ARGs in soils, the risks they pose for the environment, and options for effective control. In addition, it presents a range of essential tools and methodologies that can be used to address antibiotics and ARGs in a consistent, efficient, and cost-effective manner. Gathering contributions by international experts, the book addresses both theoretical aspects and practical applications. The topics discussed include antibiotics-producing microorganisms; the routes of entry and fate of antibiotics and resistance genes; biomonitoring approaches; dissemination of ARGs in soils; risk assessment; the impact of antibiotics and ARGs on the soil microbial community and other biota; bioremediation and biodegradation approaches; and soil management strategies for antibiotics and ARG-contaminated soils. As such, the book will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars in environmental science and engineering, toxicology, the medical and pharmaceutical sciences, environmental biotechnology, soil sciences, microbial ecology and plant biotechnology. Readers and Journals: 1. This new volume on antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil environment will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars in environmental science and engineering, toxicology, the medical and pharmaceutical sciences, environmental biotechnology, soil sciences,microbial ecology and plant biotechnology. 2. The book will provide government authorities all over the world with effective strategies for the management of antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARG)- contaminated soil. 3. Gathering contributions by international experts,the book addresses both theoretical aspects and practical applications.
Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes: Environmental Occurrence and Treatment Technologies (Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies)
by Muhammad Zaffar HashmiThis volume summarizes and updates information about antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)/antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) production, including their entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment, their use in hospital and associated waste, global and temporal trends in use and spread of antibiotics, AMR and ARG. Antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance genes due to manure and agricultural waste applications, bioavailability, biomonitoring, and their Epidemiological, ecological and public health effects. The book addresses the antibiotic and AMR/ARG risk assessment and treatment technologies, for managing antibiotics and AMR/ARG impacted environments The book's expert contributions span 20 chapters, and offer a comprehensive framework for better understanding and analyzing the environmental and social impacts of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs. Readers will have access to recent and updated models regarding the interpretation of antibiotics and AMR/ARGs in environment and biomonitoring studies, and will learn about the management options require to appropriately mitigate environmental contaminants and pollution. The book will be of interest to students, teachers, researchers, policy makers and environmental organizations.
Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy
by Alexandrina L DumitrescuPeriodontal diseases are the major cause of tooth mortality in many industrialized countries and most developing nations. The significance of microorganisms in the development of virtually all types of periodontal disease is indisputable. This book is an encyclopedic collection of data from scientific papers and textbooks that form a sound basis for a thorough understanding of the antibiotics and antiseptics used in periodontal therapy. The prophylactic, systemic, and topical uses of antibiotics are discussed in detail, identifying the indications, advantages, disadvantages, and efficacy of each approach and regimen. The use of antiseptics is also carefully examined, with particular attention to the merits of different delivery methods and oral hygiene agents. The closing chapter addresses the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This book will be of value to undergraduate and postgraduate dental students, dental hygienists, dental practitioners, and other associated professionals.
Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy
by Alexandrina L DumitrescuPeriodontal diseases are the major cause of tooth mortality in many industrialized countries and most developing nations. The significance of microorganisms in the development of virtually all types of periodontal disease is indisputable. This book is an encyclopedic collection of data from scientific papers and textbooks that form a sound basis for a thorough understanding of the antibiotics and antiseptics used in periodontal therapy. The prophylactic, systemic, and topical uses of antibiotics are discussed in detail, identifying the indications, advantages, disadvantages, and efficacy of each approach and regimen. The use of antiseptics is also carefully examined, with particular attention to the merits of different delivery methods and oral hygiene agents. The closing chapter addresses the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This book will be of value to undergraduate and postgraduate dental students, dental hygienists, dental practitioners, and other associated professionals.
Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance (Life Science Research Fundamentals)
by WileyThe need for novel antibiotics is greater now than perhaps any time since the pre-antibiotic era. Indeed, the recent collapse of many pharmaceutical antibacterial groups, combined with the emergence of hypervirulent and pan-antibiotic-resistant bacteria has severely compromised infection treatment options and led to dramatic increases in the incidence and severity of bacterial infections. This collection of reviews and laboratory protocols gives the reader an introduction to the causes of antibiotic resistance, the bacterial strains that pose the largest danger to humans (i.e., streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci) and the antimicrobial agents used to combat infections with these organisms. Some new avenues that are being investigated for antibiotic development are also discussed. Such developments include the discovery of agents that inhibit bacterial RNA degradation, the bacterial ribosome, and structure-based approaches to antibiotic drug discovery. Two laboratory protocols are provided to illustrate different strategies for discovering new antibiotics. One is a bacterial growth inhibition assay to identify inhibitors of bacterial growth that specifically target conditionally essential enzymes in the pathway of interest. The other protocol is used to identify inhibitors of bacterial cell-to-cell signaling. This e-book — a curated collection from eLS, WIREs, and Current Protocols — offers a fantastic introduction to the field of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance for students or interdisciplinary collaborators.
Antibiotics and Their Mechanisms of Action
by Deepesh Nagarajan“Antibiotics and their mechanisms of action” provides a deep and lucid understanding of the mechanisms of action of various antibiotics. The experiments followed to decipher the mechanisms have been explained in great depth, which is a novelty in this textbook. Most undergraduate textbooks on antibiotics place emphasis on their use from the clinician’s perspective. Taking penicillin as an example, typical textbooks discuss its discovery, penicillin’s β-lactam derivatives, routes of administration, the diseases and pathogens treated with β-lactam antibiotics, side effects, and finally the mechanisms of resistance that have evolved against penicillin. No description of how its mechanism of action was deciphered is ever provided. This textbook describes how simple experiments using protoplasts, covalent affinity chromatography, SYPRO Orange binding assays, and X-ray crystallography have all been used to elucidate the mechanism of action of penicillin. Like this, the complicated mechanisms of action of different antibiotics have been presented in simple terms with the help of original illustrations. Chapters 8-10 cover the mechanisms of action of anti-ribosomal antibiotics (tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol). Elucidating the mechanisms of action for these antibiotics requires complex experiments such as ex vivo transcription via a cell-free ribosomal reaction mixture, photolabelling experiments, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation of radiolabelled translation reactants and products. These experiments are conveyed to the reader in the simplest possible language and with easily understandable, appealing illustrations. Finally, the reader is challenged at the end of every chapter with original questions, testing whether hecan apply the concepts he learned in the preceding chapter to research-level problems. This book is written primarily for undergraduate students in microbiology or biotechnology courses to help them develop a simplistic yet comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying antibiotics action. It is believed that this book will prepare the students for PhD level research.
Antibiotics: A Guide to commonly used antimicrobials
by David L. Schlossberg Rafik SamuelAntibiotic selection and dosing is the foundation of infectious disease practice. In addition, the issue of antimicrobial resistance makes antibiotic management one of the most controversial and important areas in internal medicine. The visual design of this manual aids the rapid retrieval of information and makes it possible to offer more information than the popular Sanford Guide, while focusing on the essentials and eliminating the extensive details covered in standard textbooks and online references. The Antibiotic Manual includes 188 of the most common agents used in internal medicine by drug name.
Antibiotics: Challenges, Mechanisms, Opportunities (ASM Books #30)
by Christopher Walsh Timothy WencewiczA chemocentric view of the molecular structures of antibiotics, their origins, actions, and major categories of resistance Antibiotics: Challenges, Mechanisms, Opportunities focuses on antibiotics as small organic molecules, from both natural and synthetic sources. Understanding the chemical scaffold and functional group structures of the major classes of clinically useful antibiotics is critical to understanding how antibiotics interact selectively with bacterial targets. This textbook details how classes of antibiotics interact with five known robust bacterial targets: cell wall assembly and maintenance, membrane integrity, protein synthesis, DNA and RNA information transfer, and the folate pathway to deoxythymidylate. It also addresses the universe of bacterial resistance, from the concept of the resistome to the three major mechanisms of resistance: antibiotic destruction, antibiotic active efflux, and alteration of antibiotic targets. Antibiotics also covers the biosynthetic machinery for the major classes of natural product antibiotics. Authors Christopher Walsh and Timothy Wencewicz provide compelling answers to these questions: What are antibiotics? Where do antibiotics come from? How do antibiotics work? Why do antibiotics stop working? How should our limited inventory of effective antibiotics be addressed? Antibiotics is a textbook for graduate courses in chemical biology, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and microbiology and biochemistry courses. It is also a valuable reference for microbiologists, biological and natural product chemists, pharmacologists, and research and development scientists.
Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1520)
by Peter SassThis volume provides state-of-the-art and novel methods on antibiotic isolation and purification, identification of antimicrobial killing mechanisms, and methods for the analysis and detection of microbial adaptation strategies. Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols guides readers through chapters on production and design, mode of action, and response and susceptibility. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols aims to inspire scientific work in the exciting field of antibiotic research.
Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2601)
by Peter SassThis second edition provides state-of-the-art and novel methods on antibiotic isolation and purification, identification of antimicrobial killing mechanisms, as well as methods for the analysis and detection of microbial responses and adaptation strategies. Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, guides readers through updated and entirely new chapters on production and design, mode of action, and response and resistance. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Antibiotics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to inspire scientific work in the exciting field of antibiotic research.
Antibiotics: The Perfect Storm
by David M. ShlaesAntibiotics are truly miracle drugs. As a class, they are one of the only ones that actually cure disease as opposed to most drugs that only help relieve symptoms or control disease. Since bacteria that cause serious disease in humans are becoming more and more resistant to the antibiotics we have today, and because they will ultimately become resistant to any antibiotic that we use for treatment or for anything else, we need a steady supply of new antibiotics active against any resistant bacteria that arise. However, the antibiotics marketplace is no longer attractive for large pharmaceutical companies, the costs of development are skyrocketing because of ever more stringent requirements by the regulatory agencies, and finding new antibiotics active against resistant strains is getting harder and harder. These forces are all combining to deny us these miracle drugs when we need them the most. I provide a number of possible paths to shelter from this perfect storm.
Antiblack Racism And The Aids Epidemic
by Adam M. GearyChallenging the popular perception of HIV as a consequence of the 'perverse intimacies' of sex and drug use, Anti-Black Racism and the AIDS Epidemic: State Intimacies argues that black racial disparities in HIV rates reflect the organization of anti-black, racialized poverty and structural violence. Racism, not race, ethnicity, or culture. The state has structured the ways in which black Americans have been made vulnerable to HIV exposure and infection far beyond the capacity of any individual or community to mitigate or control. From structured impoverishment to racial segregation, and from mass incarceration to the political death meted out to former prisoners, the primary structuring factor that has determined risk of HIV infection has been state intimacy, or the violent intimacy of the racist state.
Antiblackness
by Moon - Kiejung and Joãoh . CostavargasAntiblackness investigates the ways in which the dehumanization of Black people has been foundational to the establishment of modernity. Drawing on Black feminism, Afropessimism, and critical race theory, the book's contributors trace forms of antiblackness across time and space, from nineteenth-century slavery to the categorization of Latinx in the 2020 census, from South Africa and Palestine to the Chickasaw homelands, from the White House to convict lease camps, prisons, and schools. Among other topics, they examine the centrality of antiblackness in the introduction of Carolina rice to colonial India, the presence of Black people and Native Americans in the public discourse of precolonial Korea, and the practices of denial that obscure antiblackness in contemporary France. Throughout, the contributors demonstrate that any analysis of white supremacy---indeed, of the world---that does not contend with antiblackness is incomplete.Contributors. Mohan Ambikaipaker, Jodi A. Byrd, Iyko Day, Anthony Paul Farley, Crystal Marie Fleming, Sarah Haley, Tanya Katerí Hernández, Sarah Ihmoud, Joy James, Moon-Kie Jung, Jae Kyun Kim, Charles W. Mills, Dylan Rodríguez, Zach Sell, João H. Costa Vargas, Frank B. Wilderson III, Connie Wun
Antibodies
by Maurizio Zanetti Donald J. CapraIntended for specialists in B cell immunology, investigating such topics as movement of a monoclonal antibody from the laboratory into the clinic, the field of Fc receptors and the impact of monoclonal antibodies on diagnosis and treatment of human
Antibodies
by Maurizio Zanetti J. Donald CapraThe Antibodies presents models, theories, and techniques of molecular biology for understanding the mechanisms of antibody action, including the genetics, and receptor and channel action. This book includes applications of engineered antibodies in diagnosis, immunotherapy, and protein purification. It provides new insights into the structural basis
Antibodies for Infectious Diseases (ASM Books #44)
by Jr. Rino Rappuoli James E. Crowe Diana BoraschiState-of-the-art reviews covering major aspects of antibodies and intervention against infectious diseases The connection between antibodies and infectious diseases has spawned entire related fields of study. Antibodies for Infectious Diseases presents perspectives from leading research scientists and summarizes the amazing progress in this area into a single definitive source. Providing a broad survey of the most important aspects of the field of antibodies for infectious diseases, this book presents general features pertaining to structure, function, isotype, and the role of complement in antibody function examines the role of antibodies in antimicrobial immunity with specific targets details new methods for expression of monoclonal antibodies, in plants or by transfer of antibody genes for in vivo expression in treated subjects Antibodies for Infectious Diseases is a comprehensive reference for researchers, pharmaceutical developers, and health care professionals on the status of the development of antibody-based therapies for treating infectious diseases. It is also useful as supplemental reading for upper level life sciences students.
Antibodies for Treating Cancer: Basics, Development, and Applications
by Melvyn LittleThis book presents a compact overview of the history, evolution and fascinating novel applications of antibodies for the treatment of cancer, leading the reader step by step to the latest advances. Interesting anecdotes, together with self-explanatory and clearly structured figures with a humorous touch, facilitate the reader’s understanding of this complex topic. Clinical cases round out the book, making it a valuable aid for professionals in their everyday practice. The growing importance of the topics covered here was highlighted by the joint award of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frances H. Arnold (directed evolution of enzymes), George P. Smith (phage display of peptides) and Sir Gregory P. Winter (phage display of antibodies). Furthermore, the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation. Many of the antibodies that are now being brought to market target precisely these immune checkpoint modulators. The book addresses a broad readership, ranging from professionals and experts in the field to residents and medical students.
Antibodies in Diagnosis and Therapy
by MatzkuMonoclonal antibodies have had their impact on biomedical research for more than a decade. Beside their exuberant use as reagents, quite a number of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been followed and an impressive number of technological improvements, e.g., humanization, recombinant miniantibodies, have been elaborated to strengthen the principle. With respect to clinical applications, the first generation of antibody 'drugs' is yielding promising results while second and third generation antibody constructs are already underway. The book reviews the status of technological development and brings this into the perspective of clinical results. A rapidly growing amount of clinical data is collected in an expanding number of indications. Hence, the review of clinical study results has been grouped according to the fields of oncology and of chronic and acute inflammation. This book will be of interest to scientists working in the fields of oncology, immunology, internal medicine and clinical chemistry.
Antibody Arrays: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2237)
by Kelly C. Whittaker Ruo-Pan HuangThis detailed book presents a technical overview and practical methodology of a variety of antibody array formats and technologies. As advantages and disadvantages of antibody array types are explored, the volume also delves into practical applications of antibody arrays pertaining to investigations of specific research topics and biological processes as well as guidance on the methods of processing, analysis, and storage of array data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Antibody Arrays: Methods and Protocols aims to empower the reader with the information required to select the most appropriate array for their research application, with the technical knowledge to use and process the array, and with the knowledge to perform analysis that realizes the maximum benefit from the data generated.
Antibody Engineering Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #51)
by Sudhir PaulThis comprehensive collection of recently developed methods for producing new antibody reagents by immunization and recombinant DNA techniques contains ready-to-use protocols that illuminate current areas of research on antibody structure, functions, and applications. The methods can be applied in basic immunological studies involving antibody specificity, catalysis, and evolution, and in the isolation of rare antibodies by phage display technology and the engineering of new antibodies by mutagenesis. They offer insight into new ways of developing clinically useful antibody reagents. Antibody Engineering Protocols constitutes a single-source volume for laboratory investigators who want to minimize extensive literature and methodology searches and to work productively in their fields with reproducible step-by-step protocols.
Antibody Engineering Volume 1 (Springer Laboratory Manual Ser.)
by Roland E. Kontermann Stefan DübelAntibodies are indispensable tools for research, diagnosis, and therapy. Recombinant approaches allow the modification and improvement of nearly all antibody properties, such as affinity, valency, specificity, stability, serum half-life, effector functions, and immunogenicity. "Antibody Engineering" provides a comprehensive toolbox covering the well-established basics but also many exciting new techniques. The protocols reflect the latest "hands on" knowledge of key laboratories in this still fast-moving field. Newcomers will benefit from the proven step-by-step protocols, which include helpful practical advice; experienced antibody engineers will appreciate the new ideas and approaches. The book is an invaluable resource for all those engaged in antibody research and development.
Antibody Engineering: Methods And Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #1827)
by Patrick Chames Damien NevoltrisThis detailed new edition provides complete and easy access to a variety of antibody engineering techniques. The volume explores topics such as the generation of native, synthetic, or immune antibody libraries, the selection of lead candidates via the different powerful and innovative display technologies, Fc engineering, as well as their production, characterization, and optimization of antibodies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Antibody Engineering: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition presents the reader with an extensive toolbox to create the powerful molecules of tomorrow.
Antibody Engineering: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #248)
by Benny K. LoA core collection of diverse cutting-edge techniques for the generation, expression, optimization, and characterization of recombinant antibodies. Readily reproducible protocols for lead generation range from the cloning of human immunoglobulin genes to the selection and generation of human recombinant antibodies by humanization approaches, molecular display technologies and transgenic animals. Procedures are also described on restructuring antibody leads into monovalent, multivalent, and bispecific binding fragments for a wide variety of in vivo applications. State-of-the-art technologies are described for the characterization of antigen-binding affinity and specificity with novel applications in radioimmunotargeting, cancer immunotherapy, drug abuse, and proteomics.
Antibody Engineering: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition (Methods in Molecular Biology #907)
by Patrick ChamesMore than ever, antibodies are being recognized as a major drug modality in a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, or even neurodegenerative disorders. Over 30 therapeutic antibodies have been approved and novel molecules are entering clinical trials at an average rate of 50 per year and that is predicted to continue well into the future. Notwithstanding the many achievements already made in the field, there is still a lot of room for improvements for these molecules in terms of activity, and a plethora of approaches have been attempted to optimize these molecules. Antibody Engineering: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition was compiled to give complete and easy access to a variety of antibody engineering techniques, starting from the creation of antibody repertoires and efficient ways to select binders from these repertoires, to their production in various hosts, their detailed characterization using various well established techniques, and to the modification and optimization of these lead molecules in terms of binding activity, specificity, size, shape, and more. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Antibody Engineering: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an invaluable resource for both experts and those new to the field, and most of all as a source of inspiration for the creation of the antibodies of tomorrow.
Antibody Expression and Production (Cell Engineering #7)
by Mohamed Al-RubeaiEngineered antibodies currently represent over 30% of biopharmaceuticals in clinical trials and their total worldwide sales continue to increase significantly. The importance of antibody applications is reflected in their increasing clinical and industrial applications as well as in the progression of established and emerging production strategies. This volume provides detailed coverage of the generation, optimization, characterization, production and applications of antibody. It provides the necessary theoretical background and description of methods for the expression of antibody in microbial and animal cell cultures and in transgenic animals and plants. There is a strong focus on those issues related to the production of intrabodies, bispecific antibody and antibody fragments and also to novel applications in cancer immunotherapy.