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Behavioral Theory in Sociology: Essays in Honour of George C.Homans
by Robert L. Hamblin; John H. KunkelThis book is designed to honor George Caspar Homans for his many and varied contributions to the development of modern sociology. The chapters have been written by sociologists and psychologists who value his work sufficiently to have made his basic approach their own. These original essays are intended to elucidate, assess, and give a progress report on the theoretical tradition Homans founded and to which he has given such significant impetus.
A Behavioral Theory of Elections
by Jonathan Bendor Daniel Diermeier David A. Siegel Michael M. TingMost theories of elections assume that voters and political actors are fully rational. While these formulations produce many insights, they also generate anomalies--most famously, about turnout. The rise of behavioral economics has posed new challenges to the premise of rationality. This groundbreaking book provides a behavioral theory of elections based on the notion that all actors--politicians as well as voters--are only boundedly rational. The theory posits learning via trial and error: actions that surpass an actor's aspiration level are more likely to be used in the future, while those that fall short are less likely to be tried later. Based on this idea of adaptation, the authors construct formal models of party competition, turnout, and voters' choices of candidates. These models predict substantial turnout levels, voters sorting into parties, and winning parties adopting centrist platforms. In multiparty elections, voters are able to coordinate vote choices on majority-preferred candidates, while all candidates garner significant vote shares. Overall, the behavioral theory and its models produce macroimplications consistent with the data on elections, and they use plausible microassumptions about the cognitive capacities of politicians and voters. A computational model accompanies the book and can be used as a tool for further research.
A Behavioral Theory Of The Firm
by Richard Cyert James March2013 Reprint of 1963 First Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. "A Behavioral Theory of the Firm" has become a classic work in organizational theory, and is one of the most significant contributions to theory intended to improve the operation of the modern corporation. The authors use experiments and empirical observations to build their model of decision making. They reject the structure of the firm as represented by classical economic theory, instead they focus on the discretion of management. They also offer a new way of viewing the effects of organization, communications and individuals on the firm's overall activity. This is path breaking book and among the most important and provocative interpretations yet advanced for seeing inside the firm to understand it as an organization and an economic entity.
Behavioral Treatment for Substance Abuse in People with Serious and Persistent Mental Illness: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals
by Alan S. Bellack Melanie E. Bennett Jean S. GearonThe correlation between schizophrenia and substance abuse in psychology is recognized as a growing issue, yet it is one that many practitioners are often ill-prepared to address. Behavioral Treatment for Substance Abuse in People with Serious and Persistent Mental Illness addresses the specific challenges faced by the clinician treating individuals with co-occurring schizophrenia and substance abuse disorders. Designed as a treatment manual for mental health professionals, the book incorporates various treatment components, from motivational interviewing and social skills training to education, problem solving, and relapse prevention. The book presents clearly established guidelines for these treatment modes and utilizes both case examples and fictional situations to present a practical, hands-on approach. Readers will profit directly from the lessons in the book, which offers the clinician an invaluable model from which to base a treatment plan.
Behavioralism in Political Science
by Richard J. GellesChanges in the thinking of science are usually accompanied by lively intellectual conflicts between opposing or divergent points of view. The clash of ideas is a major ingredient in the stimulation of the life of the mind in human culture. Such arguments and counter-arguments, of proofs and disproofs, permit changes in the arts and sciences to take place. Political science is not exempt from these conflicts.Since the middle of the twentieth century, the study of politics has been rocked by disagreements over its scope, theories, and methods. These disagreements were somewhat less frequent than in most sciences, natural or behavioral, but they have been at times bitter and persuasive. The subject matter of political science politics and all that is involved in politics has a halo effect. The stakes of politics make people fight and sometimes die for what they claim as their due. Political scientists seem to confuse academic with political stakes, behaving as if the victories and defeats on the battleground of the intellect resemble those on the battleground of political life.Three issues seem critical to political science at the time this volume first appeared in the 1960s: First, disagreement over the nature of the knowledge of political things is a science of politics possible, or is the study of politics a matter of philosophy? Second, controversy over the place of values in the study of politics a controversy that makes for a great deal of confusion. Third, disagreements over the basic units of analysis in the study of politics‘should the political scientist study individual and collective behavior, or limit the work to the study of institutions and large-scale processes? This collection brings together the most persuasive writings on these topics in the mid-1960s.
Behaviorism: An Exposition And An Exposure (large Print Edition)
by John B. WatsonWatson was the father of behaviorism. His now-revered lectures on the subject defined behaviorism as a natural science that takes the whole field of human adjustment as its own. It is the business of behaviorist psychology to predict and control human activity. The field has as its aim to be able, given the stimulus, to predict the response, or seeing the reaction, to know the stimulus that produced it. Watson argued that psychology is as good as its observations: what the organism does or says in the general environment.Watson identified "laws" of learning, including frequency and recency. Kimble makes it perfectly clear that Watson's behaviorism, while deeply indebted to Ivan Pavlov, went beyond the Russian master in his treatment of cognition, language, and emotion. It becomes clear that Behaviorism is anything but the reductionist caricature it is often made out to be in the critical literature. For that reason alone, the work merits a wide reading.Behaviorism, as was typical of the psychology of the time, offered a wide array of applications all of which can be said to fall on the enlightened side of the ledger. At a time of mixed messages, Watson argued against child beating and abuse, for patterns of enlightened techniques of factory management, and for curing the sick and isolating the small cadre of criminals not subject to correction. And anticipating Thomas Szasz, he argued against a doctrine of strictly mental diseases, and for a close scrutiny of behavioral illness and disturbances. Kimble's brilliant introduction to Watson ends with a challenge to subjectivism to provide evidence that Watson's behaviorism cannot explain human actions without introspective notions of the mind. This genuine classic of social science hi our century remains relevant not just for the conduct of psychological research, but for studies in the philosophy of science and the sociology of knowledge.
Behaviorism, Consciousness, and the Literary Mind (Hopkins Studies in Modernism)
by Joshua GangWhat might behaviorism, that debunked school of psychology, tell us about literature?If inanimate objects such as novels or poems have no mental properties of their own, then why do we talk about them as if they do? Why do we perceive the minds of characters, narrators, and speakers as if they were comparable to our own? In Behaviorism, Consciousness, and the Literary Mind, Joshua Gang offers a radical new approach to these questions, which are among the most challenging philosophical problems faced by literary study today.Recent cognitive criticism has tried to answer these questions by looking for similarities and analogies between literary form and the processes of the brain. In contrast, Gang turns to one of the twentieth century's most infamous psychological doctrines: behaviorism. Beginning in 1913, a range of psychologists and philosophers—including John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner, and Gilbert Ryle—argued that many of the things we talk about as mental phenomena aren't at all interior but rather misunderstood behaviors and physiological processes. Today, behaviorism has relatively little scientific value, but Gang argues for its enormous critical value for thinking about why language is so good at creating illusions of mental life.Turning to behaviorism's own literary history, Gang offers the first sustained examination of the outmoded science's place in twentieth-century literature and criticism. Through innovative readings of figures such as I. A. Richards, the American New Critics, Samuel Beckett, Harold Pinter, and J. M. Coetzee, Behaviorism, Consciousness, and the Literary Mind reveals important convergences between modernist writers, experimental psychology, and analytic philosophy of mind—while also giving readers a new framework for thinking about some of literature's most fundamental and exciting questions.
A Behaviorist Looks at Form Recognition
by William R. UttalFor many years behaviorism was criticized because it rejected the study of perception. This rejection was based on the extreme view that percepts were internal subjective experiences and thus not subject to examination. This book argues that this logic is incorrect and shows how visual perception, particularized in the study of form recognition, can be carried out from the behavioral point of view if certain constraints and limitations are understood and accepted. The book discusses the idea of representation of forms, considers the major historical neural, psychological, and computational theories of form recognition, and then concludes by presenting a modern approach to the problem. In this book, William Uttal continues his critical analysis of the foundations of modern psychology. He is particularly concerned with the logical and conceptual foundations of visual perception and uses form recognition as a vehicle to rationalize the discrepancies between classic behaviorism and what we now appreciate are legitimate research areas.
Behaviors and Persistence of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications
by Domenico Cassano Valerio VolianiIn the last two decades, several promising engineered nanomaterials that combine therapeutic features and imaging functionalities have been presented, but very few have arrived on the market.The purpose of this book is to collect and comprehensively discuss the advances in this current and exciting topic in order to promote and enhance its growth. In the first part, a general introduction about the main features of both organic and inorganic nanomaterials is provided. Then, the most promising and innovative applications for cancer treatment and diagnostic are introduced.In the second part, an analysis of the nanomaterials in the market for healthcare applications is presented. The issue of unwanted accumulation of metals in organisms after the designed action is then discussed. Finally, the most recent progresses in the design of nanomaterials that are able to escape from organisms after the selected action are comprehensively described, and the perspectives of this exciting field provided.
Behaviors of Trace Metals in Environment: The Pollution in Regional and Metropolis Areas
by Hui ZhangThis book focuses on the behavior and impact of trace metals in the environment by studying typical cases from China such as the Hetao Area of the Yellow River, Shanghai, and Nanjing. Based on samples and experiments on the behavior of pollutants, it systematically discusses the regulation of trace metals’ distribution, accumulation, and migration, associated with the cause of formation demonstration. The author subsequently uses the acquired data to review the evolving trend of trace metal behaviors in natural systems (river or lake water, sediments, and soils), develops suggestions for the prevention of their negative effects, and devise treatments. Moreover, he proposes solutions to difficult research issues such as trace metal speciation extraction, and an analysis, along with operational procedures. Given its scope, the book will provide a valuable guide for researchers and engineers in relevant disciplines of the environmental sciences and engineering, and for environmental policymakers to consult in practices.
Behaviour
by Christopher AytonThis is not a book about the theory of child behaviour or an analysis of why kids mess about in your lessons. No, this is a book that will get the kids in your class behaving the way you want them to behave, and if you follow the programme laid down in this book, you will have the pupils in your class eating out of your hand in six weeks. Written by a 'real life' teacher, teaching right now in a classroom in an inner city school, with 30 years' experience. The author has taught all the year groups from nursery to Year 11, has worked as a supply teacher and in a Pupil Referral Unit, a school for children with behavioural challenges. This book will save your career, your relationship and your sanity.
Behaviour (Psychology Revivals)
by D. E. BroadbentOriginal blurb from 1961: For most laymen the science of behaviour hardly exists. Few people have any clear idea of its methods, its history or, above all, its significance. Beside the popular interest aroused, for example, by the achievements of Freud, the work of the behaviourists is almost unknown. Yet this is a science which is of the highest importance, has practical applications of immediate use, and offers the hope of profound insights into the human mind. What distinguishes the behaviourists is their insistence on exact scientific verification. Introspection may suggest a theory but only objective experiments will be admitted as evidence in its favour. The observation of how a rat behaves in a maze may seem a far cry from the study of mankind but it has the supreme advantage that what is observed can be exactly recorded and analysed. Progress by such methods is slow but what is discovered is much less likely to be upset by future discoveries than is work based on subjective judgments. Some of the results already obtained are fruitful and suggestive. Mr Broadbent’s treatment of rewards and punishments is most striking, both for the importance of the results and for the precision of the methods by which they are obtained. To reward a child for doing something or to punish him for abstaining might seem to be equally effective methods, to be distinguished only on ethical grounds. Mr Broadbent, however, sets out modern evidence and opinion about the means by which each method operates and so demonstrates that there exist sharp and general rules governing the situations in which each is likely to be effective. He describes the state of ‘neurotic’ conflict produced when a reward and a punishment are both associated with the same object and again a series of simple, controlled experiments throws light on a basic human problem. The science of behaviour is closely linked with other branches of research such as the theory of information and the development of electronic and mechanical ‘brains’, and this common field of research promises exciting results. Mr Broadbent shows how behaviourism has grown towards such sophisticated developments from the beginnings of such men as Watson and Pavlov. To any intelligent reader this book will give not only the pleasure of watching a series of brilliantly devised experiments gradually giving birth to a new and important science, but also the insight which comes from examining such basic concepts as memory and learning, of discovering how much of what we think we know is merely an unexamined assumption, and of being forced to think again in precise terms. For anyone willing to make this effort Behaviour is an exceptionally rewarding book.
Behaviour Analysis and Contemporary Psychology (Psychology Revivals)
by Lowe C. F. Richelle M. Blackman D. E. Bradshaw C. M.Originally published in 1985, Behaviour Analysis and Contemporary Psychology presents chapters from the first European Meeting on the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour. The book is divided into six parts and provides a useful account of issues and work in behaviour analysis by both European and North American contributors at the time. The first part provides an introduction, with following parts looking at behaviourist and ethological approaches; determinants of human operant behaviour; fundamental research and behaviour modification; recent developments in the behavioural analysis of drug effects; ending with an overview of contemporary behaviourism.
Behaviour Analysis in Educational Psychology (Routledge Library Editions: Psychology of Education)
by Kevin Wheldall Frank Merrett Ted GlynnIn the early 1980s there had been a marked increase in the application of behavioural methods in schools. However, much of this work was weak conceptually and limited in its remit. Behaviour analysis has more to offer education than ‘smarties’ and time-out. Originally published in 1986, this collection of twenty papers, many of them experimental, serves to demonstrate the power of behaviour analysis in a wide variety of applications. The editors stress the importance of antecedent control, as well as consequence management strategies, and illustrate their relevance in solving problems in everyday situations at school and in the home. The Editors, whose own work is well represented in this collection, are acknowledged as leading researchers in this field.
Behaviour Analysis in Theory and Practice: Contributions and Controversies
by D. E. Blackman H. LejeuneThis edited book addresses four themes of contemporary importance in the experimental and applied analysis of behaviour: chronobiology (relationships between time and behaviour), the emergence of rational thinking, language, and behavioural medicine. The current empirical and theoretical status of each theme is considered in individual chapters, the authors of which are distinguished research scientists drawn from a wide range of scholarship and with a distinctive European dimension. This cultural and theoretical diversity emerges from the fact that each chapter is developed from a paper originally presented by invitation at the Second European Meeting on the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour, which was held in Liège, Belgium in 1988. Within the four themes, individual topics address issues such as circadian rhythms in behaviour, temporal regulation in children and in animals, the emergence of equivalence relations in children and animals, the development of thinking in mentally retarded children, reasoning and associative learning in animals, rule?governed behaviour, theoretical issues relating language to the theory of mind, the relationship between behavioural and visceral functions, the relevance of behavioural approaches to the prevention of AIDS, and the development of self?detection skills for breast cancer. The book makes an important contribution to the literature of contemporary behaviour analysis by reviewing issues of current interest and importance from a broad theoretical base.
Behaviour and Design of Steel and Composite Connections in Fire
by Mostafa Jafarian Yong WangUnder fire conditions, the strong interactions in structures result in different load carrying mechanisms and drastic redistributions of internal forces in structural members, which are concentrated at and transferred via connections. Fire safety depends on the performance of these connections, including their temperature distribution and load-carrying mechanisms, and good performance ensures structural robustness in fire. Behaviour and Design of Steel and Composite Connections in Fire is the only dedicated book on fire performance of connections in steel and composite structures. Recent experimental and numerical studies, from individual elements to whole, real-scale structures, have indicated that connections are among the most vulnerable and critical parts of these structures. This book synthesises the research findings on this important subject and explains the essential features in an accessible way in one single source. The book is ideal for researchers, structural engineers and fire protection engineers in their applications of performance-based fire engineering.
Behaviour and Design of Steel Structures to AS4100 (Australian Third Edition)
by Nick Trahair Mark A BradfordThe behaviour of steel structures and the criteria used in their design are set out in detail in this book. The book bridges the gap between the methods of analysis and the sizing of structural components. The basis of the limit state design criteria of the latest Australian code for structural steel are explained, and the reader is pointed to the relevant provisions of the code.
The Behaviour and Design of Steel Structures to EC3
by N. S. Trahair M. A. Bradford David Nethercot Leroy GardnerThe fully revised fourth edition of this successful textbook fills a void which will arise when British designers start using the European steel code EC3 instead of the current steel code BS5950. The principal feature of the forth edition is the discussion of the behaviour of steel structures and the criteria used in design according to the British version of EC3. Thus it serves to bridge the gap which too often occurs when attention is concentrated on methods of analysis and the sizing of structural components. Because emphasis is placed on the development of an understanding of behaviour, many analytical details are either omitted in favour of more descriptive explanations, or are relegated to appendices. The many worked examples both illustrate the behaviour of steel structures and exemplify details of the design process. The Behaviour and Design of Steel Structures to EC3 is a key text for senior undergraduate and graduate students, and an essential reference tool for practising structural engineers in the UK and other countries.
Behaviour and Discipline in Schools: Devising and Revising a Whole-School Policy (Devising And Revising A Whole-school Policy Ser. #Vol. 1)
by Andy Miller Peter Galvin Jayne NashFirst Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Behaviour and Ecology of Spiders: Contributions from the Neotropical Region
by Carmen Viera Marcelo O. GonzagaWithin the last few decades, arachnology in the Neotropical region has experienced a great development filling the knowledge gap in one of the most diverse regions of the world. Nevertheless, large geographical areas remain poorly sampled, especially within the Amazon, and new genera and species have been continuously discovered, even in urban areas. In congruence with the recent improvements in research, several aspects of the ecology, behaviour and natural history of spiders, such as interactions with other predators and parasitoids, social interactions, dispersal patterns, habitat requirements, mating behaviors, among others, are being carefully investigated. These recent contributions incorporate substantial information on the preexisting knowledge on these subjects every year. Our main objective with this book is to present a summary on these new researches and on the currently knowledge on the main subjects involved in the general theme, emphasizing the contribution of the rich fauna of the Neotropical region to the research of behaviour and ecology of the spiders.
Behaviour and Rationality in Corporate Governance (Routledge Studies In Corporate Governance Ser.)
by Oliver MarnetCorporate scandals due to bad accounting happen far too frequently for a system of corporate governance to be deemed effective. This book tells why the safeguards designed to prevent bad accounting so often fail. By studying why the auditors and members of a board of directors regularly fail to deliver the truth about a company‘s financ
Behaviour and Welfare of the Horse
by Andrew FraserHorses play a unique role in human activities, for both work and recreation. From the ranch to the racetrack, an understanding of their behaviour and needs is vital for man to ensure their well-being. Providing a comprehensive, scientific overview of horse behaviour and its relation to welfare, this new, updated edition includes new developments in the understanding of the relationship between physiology and performance, and the neuro-chemical basis of stereotypic behaviour. It is expanded to address the important topic of welfare from both a fundamental and practical viewpoint, and will serve as an essential resource for veterinarians, equine professionals and horse owners as well as students of veterinary and animal sciences.
Behaviour Barriers and Beyond: Practical Strategies to Help All Pupils Thrive
by Rachel ThynneThis practical resource helps school staff to reframe behaviour as a means of communicating a need, ensuring they can sensitively and effectively support children with a range of Social, Emotional and Mental Health (SEMH) needs and Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND). With case studies and examples woven throughout, the book focuses on relational and strength-based approaches to improve mental health and wellbeing, self-esteem, sense of safety and, in turn, behaviour and educational outcomes. All advice is carefully designed to have the maximum positive impact on the child and minimum impact on teacher time and resources. Key features include: ◾ Accessible explorations of a range of difficulties and their effects on school life ◾ A variety of supportive strategies, tips and advice, designed to be easy to implement effectively within a busy classroom ◾ A focus on building and maintaining positive relationships, making the classroom a safe learning environment Small adjustments can make a huge difference to wellbeing, whether they are for those with a diagnosis, with SEND, with SEMH needs, with anxiety, or just those having a hard time. This book will be an essential tool for teachers, SENCOs and school leaders in both mainstream and specialist settings.
Behaviour Beyond the Text and the Morality Clause in Twenty-First-Century Publishing (Elements in Publishing and Book Culture)
by Chiara BullenA morality clause allows contracting parties to terminate a contractual agreement with those who exhibit behaviour deemed unacceptable. Established in 1920s Hollywood, these contractual clauses are now found in twenty-first-century publishing agreements. This Element investigates the presence of the morality clause in the UK book publishing industry in relation to an increased focus on author behaviour beyond the text in the twenty-first-century, examining the way it operates within the publishing field in the context of behaviour perceived to be 'problematic'. It asserts the clause is perceived to be needed due to the emergence of social media and twenty-first-century social contexts combining to impact the author-reader relationship which, in turn, leads to author behaviour acting as a paratextual threshold to their work. This Element presents an analysis of the morality clause in practice, concluding the clause has the potential to further the power imbalance between author and publisher.