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Establishing a Geriatric Service (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Davis CoakleyBy the early 1980s, industrialised countries had experienced a dramatic increase in the number of people who survive into old age. The provision of a high standard of health care for these elderly citizens is one of the major challenges facing health services throughout the world.Originally published in 1982, in this book experts describe the geriatric services in Britain at the time, a country which had pioneered developments in this field over the previous thirty years. Much of the practical knowledge required to establish a service is outlined and the underlying philosophy is also discussed. The material covered includes the historical development of the services, operational policies, the team approach, orthopaedic and psychiatric services for the elderly and the social aspects of care. There is also a chapter dealing with the importance of education and research in this field.Unique in its approach, this book would have been of considerable value to those seeking to establish a geriatric service or to improve an already established service. Today it can be read in its historical context.
Day Brought Back My Night: Aging and New Vision Loss (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Stephen Charles AinlayOriginally published in 1989, Day Brought Back My Night explores the lives of people who have lost sight in late life as a result of age-related visual disorders. As life-expectancy in western society has increased, the number of people who fall into this group has grown, yet little had been written on this plight. This major study filled the gap in the literature, and will still be of great value to practitioners, scholars, and students in the fields of social gerontology, medicine, social work, and nursing. Stephen Ainlay surveys the various etiologies of age-related visual disorders and establishes the medical framework of the problem. His primary concern, however, is to understand people’s experience of vision loss, and he makes use of extensive interview data to establish the ways in which people come to terms with their own aging. The stories told here reflect people’s responses to a changing body as well as shifting relationships with friends, family members, medical practitioners, and service providers. They reveal hopes and fears, lost priorities, and new initiatives, relationships that recede and relationships that are newly established. Above all, they comment on the drama that is involved in people’s struggle to find continuity in their lives. In this way, the book is as much an exploration into the problem of identity as it is a study of sensory loss in later life.
Elderly People, Their Medicines, and Their Doctors (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Ann Cartwright Christopher SmithIn the late 1980s, an increasing proportion of all prescribed medicines went to people over 65 years of age, not only because they constituted a growing sector of the population but also because their consumption rate, unlike that of younger people was increasing. This increase was therefore a matter for widespread concern which had until now been largely speculative, as no recent national survey had focused on this issue.Originally published in 1988, Ann Cartwright and Christopher Smith looked at the medicines prescribed for, and taken by, a nationally representative sample of elderly people. The experiences and views of both patients (elderly people) and professionals (general practitioners) are examined and related. What is revealed is how much, and how little GPs knew about the social circumstances and medicine taking of their elderly patients. Evaluation of all the prescribed medicines taken shows the extent of elderly people’s knowledge of their medication and identifies duplications, potentially harmful interactions, contraindications, and inappropriate dosages. Recommendations for action to be taken by doctors, pharmacists, medical educators, and elderly people themselves made this book essential reading for all those concerned with the health and welfare of elderly people at the time.
Facing Retirement: A Guide for the Middle Aged and Elderly (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by A Country DoctorOriginally published in 1960 and revised in 1964 the blurb for Facing Retirement read:“Mature men and women are not afraid of advancing years. More and more seek to prepare themselves for retirement so that they may then find all the happiness they can.This phase of life is interesting to a widening circle, and in writing this book it was the author’s aim to discuss readably, simply, and from his experience with his patients, most relevant aspects of these later years. It was a pioneer in its approach: any similar books which may follow, if they help to lessen the burden of the elderly and aged which has to be sustained by the younger generations, must be of the highest importance not only to individuals but to the nation.For nearly thirty years the author of this book has had the medical care of over 2,000 people of all ages in a cluster of villages and hamlets at the foot of the Cotswold Hills. He has been chairman or president of the County Association for the Care of old People since its inception in 1952.”Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.
Life Before Death (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Ann Cartwright Lisbeth Hockey John L. AndersonSince death is an experience which will inevitably be common to us all, we are often surprisingly uninterested in what services are provided for those people, often the elderly and infirm, who are at risk or who are on the point of death. Originally published in 1973, this study describes the last twelve months in the lives of 785 adults. Based mainly on the reports of close relatives, it is concerned with the needs of the dying and the care they receive. This includes the more emotional aspects such as ‘awareness’ of dying and the effects of the death on relatives. The book looks at the part played by hospitals, general practitioners, local authority health and welfare services, and by relatives, friends and neighbours. The views of those who provide these services are also considered. The picture that emerges shows up the gaps in the care that was given to people in the final year of their lives at the time.
Intuitively Rational: How We Think and How We Should
by Andrew McGee Charles FosterThis book is about the respective roles of intuition and reasoning in ethics. It responds to a number of well-known philosophers and psychologists, and proposes a new perspective – radical in its moderation. It examines in depth the work of the philosopher Joshua Greene and the psychologist Jonathan Haidt. With the so-called empirical turn in ethics, much work has been done to try to isolate the role of reason and intuition in forming our moral judgements, with Haidt and Greene leading the research programmes and attracting much of the professional and public attention, and many others following. The current view – shared by both camps – is that intuition is largely the driver of our moral judgements – a view summed up in Haidt’s slogan ‘intuition first, strategic reasoning second’. Haidt believes we have to live with this and accept it. Greene does not: he contends that our intuitions, while suitable for the environments in which we evolved, are worthless in the modern, global, technological age, and to avoid ethical disaster we must learn to adopt reason as the arbiter of moral truth. This book steers a middle course between these two positions and is therefore of great interest to philosophers and psychologists alike.
Produktentwicklungsprojekte - Aufbau, Ablauf und Organisation
by Josef Schlattmann Arthur SeibelZiel dieses Handbuchs ist die Vermittlung von nutzbringenden Kenntnissen, Fähigkeiten und Verhaltensweisen, die ein in der Produktentwicklung/Projektleitung verantwortlich tätiger Ingenieur vielfach braucht, die aber in der üblichen Ingenieurausbildung zu wenig Beachtung finden. Sie greifen über das Fachwissen hinaus in den menschlichen Bereich hinein, weil technischen und/oder organisatorischen Schwierigkeiten faktisch immer menschliche Probleme zugrunde liegen.
Fault Tolerant Control of Large Civil Aircraft
by Xingjian Wang Yuwei Zhang Shaoping WangThis book provides a comprehensive analysis of fault tolerant control (FTC) for more-electric civil aircraft. FTC is a crucial approach to enhance the reliability and safety of aircraft in the event of actuator, sensor, or structural failures. Engineers and scientists from diverse disciplines, including aeronautics, electrical, mechanical, and control engineering, have been drawn to research on FTC. This book analyzes the impact of faults on performance degradation in dissimilar redundant actuation systems of civil aircraft and presents the FTC methods to ensure reliable actuation and efficient control. Additionally, this book addresses surface damage issues, such as the loss of elevator, horizontal stabilizer, and rudder, by providing representative FTC methods. The book’s major highlight is its comprehensive and systematic approach to FTC design, making it an ideal resource for readers interested in learning about FTC design for civil aircraft. The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of FTC, adaptive control, flight control, etc.
Russisch - Deutsch für die Pflege zu Hause: Русско-немецкий разговорник для ухода за пациентами в домашних условиях
by Nina Konopinski-KleinSprachführer für den Pflegealltag Russisch-DeutschDieses übersichtliche Wörterbuch ist ein unverzichtbarer Helfer im Gespräch. Begriffe und einfache Sätze aus dem Alltag werden in beiden Sprachen aufgeführt und erleichtern die Verständigung im Alltag. Einfache Dialoge zu Alltagsthemen wie z.B. Wohlbefinden, Krankheit, Arztbesuch, Haushalt, und Ernährung. Neu in der zweiten Auflage sind Podcasts zum Anhören und Lernen! Aber auch wichtige Fachbegriffe aus der Pflege werden erläutert. Zahlreiche Abbildungen unterstützen das Gespräch und hilfreiche Vokabellisten erleichtern das Lernen neuer Wörter.Empfehlenswert für russische Pflegekräfte und Haushaltshilfen, die in Deutschland, Österreich oder in der Schweiz arbeiten; aber auch Senioren und Angehörige finden darin Hilfen zum Gespräch.Разговорник для повседневных забот русско-немецкийЭтот четко составленный словарь - незаменимый помощник в общении. Термины и простые фразы из повседневной жизни приведены на обоих языках и облегчают общение в повседневной жизни. Простые диалоги на такие повседневные темы, как самочувствие, болезни, посещение врача, домашнее хозяйство и питание. Новинка второго издания - подкасты, которые можно слушать и изучать! Также объясняются важные технические термины из области ухода за больными. Многочисленные иллюстрации поддерживают беседу, а полезные словарные списки облегчают изучение новых слов.Рекомендуется российским сиделкам и домашним помощникам, работающим в Германии, Австрии или Швейцарии; но пожилые люди и родственники также найдут, с кем поговорить.
Advanced Information Networking and Applications: Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA-2024), Volume 5 (Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies #203)
by Leonard BarolliThis book covers the theory, design and applications of computer networks, distributed computing and information systems. Networks of today are going through a rapid evolution and there are many emerging areas of information networking and their applications. Heterogeneous networking supported by recent technological advances in low-power wireless communications along with silicon integration of various functionalities such as sensing, communications, intelligence and actuations is emerging as a critically important disruptive computer class based on a new platform, networking structure and interface that enable novel, low-cost and high-volume applications. Several such applications have been difficult to realize because of many interconnection problems. To fulfill their large range of applications, different kinds of networks need to collaborate and wired and next-generation wireless systems should be integrated in order to develop high-performance computing solutions to problems arising from the complexities of these networks. This book aims to provide the latest research findings, innovative research results, methods and development techniques from both theoretical and practical perspectives related to the emerging areas of information networking and applications.
Fuzzy Rule-Based Inference: Advances and Applications in Reasoning with Approximate Knowledge Interpolation
by Fangyi Li Qiang ShenThis book covers a comprehensive approach to the development and application of a suite of novel algorithms for practical approximate knowledge-based inference. It includes an introduction to the fundamental concepts of fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy inference. Collectively, this book provides a systematic tutorial and self-contained reference to recent advances in the field of fuzzy rule-based inference. Approximate reasoning systems facilitate inference by utilizing fuzzy if-then production rules for decision-making under circumstances where knowledge is imprecisely characterized. Compositional rule of inference (CRI) and fuzzy rule interpolation (FRI) are two typical techniques used to implement such systems. The question of when to apply these potentially powerful reasoning techniques via automated computation procedures is often addressed by checking whether certain rules can match given observations. Both techniques have been widely investigated to enhance the performance of approximate reasoning. Increasingly more attention has been paid to the development of systems where rule antecedent attributes are associated with measures of their relative significance or weights. However, they are mostly implemented in isolation within their respective areas, making it difficult to achieve accurate reasoning when both techniques are required simultaneously. This book first addresses the issue of assigning equal significance to all antecedent attributes in the rules when deriving the consequents. It presents a suite of weighted algorithms for both CRI and FRI fuzzy inference mechanisms. This includes an innovative reverse engineering process that can derive attribute weightings from given rules, increasing the automation level of the resulting systems. An integrated fuzzy reasoning approach is then developed from these two sets of weighted improvements, showcasing more effective and efficient techniques for approximate reasoning. Additionally, the book provides an overarching application to interpretable medical risk analysis, thanks to the semantics-rich fuzzy rules with attribute values represented in linguistic terms. Moreover, it illustrates successful solutions to benchmark problems in the relevant literature, demonstrating the practicality of the systematic approach to weighted approximate reasoning.
Sustainable Construction Resources in Geotechnical Engineering: Select Proceedings of CREST 2023 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #448)
by Hemanta Hazarika Stuart Kenneth Haigh Babloo Chaudhary Masanori Murai Suman ManandharThis book presents select proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Construction Resources for Environmentally Sustainable Technologies (CREST 2023), and focuses on sustainability, promotion of new ideas and innovations in design, construction and maintenance of geotechnical structures with the aim of contributing towards climate change adaptation and disaster resiliency to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It presents latest research, information, technological advancement, practical challenges encountered, and solutions adopted in the field of geotechnical engineering for sustainable infrastructure towards climate change adaptation. This volume will be of interest to those in academia and industry alike.
Grundsätze ordnungsgemäßer Kostenprüfung bei öffentlichen Aufträgen und Zuwendungen (Schriften zu Wirtschaftsprüfung, Steuerlehre und Controlling)
by Tim HinzIn den Anwendungsfeldern, in denen Prüfungen verbindlich vorgeschrieben sind, bestimmen gesetzliche Vorschriften regelmäßig nur die Art der Prüfung, nicht aber den Umfang oder die genaue Prüfungsdurchführung. Um in solchen Fällen die Zuverlässigkeit komplexer Prüfungen zu gewährleisten, haben sich in einigen Anwendungsbereichen Grundsätze herausgebildet. Diese Grundsätze erläutern die Prüfungsziele, legen allgemeine Prüfungsgrundsätze fest und geben damit den Verantwortlichen eine Orientierung für die ordnungsgemäße Prüfungsdurchführung. Trotz der erheblichen Bedeutung, die der Kostenrechnung in vielen Bereichen zukommt, sind vergleichbare Grundsätze für diesen Anwendungsbereich bisher jedoch weitgehend ausgeblieben. Dieses Buch stellt erstmals das aktuelle Vorgehen bei der Kostenprüfung öffentlicher Aufträge und der Prüfung von Zuwendungen auf Kostenbasis dar und zeigt Grundsätze sowie methodische Ansätze auf, die zukünftig zu einer optimierten Prüfung beitragen können. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und methodischen Ansätze leisten somit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Prüfungspraxis.
Cultural Heritage in Japan and Italy: Perspectives for Tourism and Community Development (Creative Economy)
by Nobuko Kawashima Guido FerilliThis edited book represents one of the first scholarly research through an international collaboration project between Japan and Italy to address economic and social values of cultural heritage beyond its inherent—historic, archaeological, or aesthetic—values. Cultural policies in the world have over the decades expanded to include non-cultural purposes such as economic development and social inclusion. Japanese cultural policy for heritage is catching up on this trend: we have seen major shifts of emphasis from preservation for its sake to the utilisation of cultural heritage for the purposes of tourism, place branding, local vitalization and community-building, whilst Italy has long thrived on the economy of heritage tourism and more cases are being seen for urban and regional development with the use of cultural assets. The recent outbreak of Covid-19 and the problem of over-tourism that preceded it have challenged tourism policy and practice in the two countries.This book identifies emerging trends, issues, and problems in such policy shifts. The book breaks a new ground in the bourgeoning studies of tourism, heritage, and cultural policy by adopting an international, inter-disciplinary approach. The chapters on Japan in particular make an original contribution to these fields in the English literature in which discussion of Japan despite its economic and cultural presence on the globe has hitherto been less available.
The IMF, Financial Crisis, and Repression of Human Rights
by Bumba Mukherjee Vineeta YadavThis book seeks to answer a number of key questions about the relationship between the IMF, developing states and the impact of financial crises on human rights abuses, including: Why do some but not other IMF-assisted developing states experience the joint outbreak of currency and sudden reversal crises under the Fund’s program?; What are some of the short-term political ramifications of such crises?; Why do human rights violation by governments increase sharply in the wake of twin currency and sudden reversal crisis in some but not all crisis-affected countries?
Living with Dementia: Community Care of the Elderly Mentally Infirm (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by C. J. GilleardIn the early 1980s, it had only recently been appreciated that what was known of the epidemiology of dementia in the elderly living in the community was just the tip of a large iceberg. Originally published in 1984, reissued here with a new preface, this book is concerned with presenting information on the nature of dementia, its prevalence and the existing pattern of services available at the time. It begins by considering the nature and epidemiology of dementia and examines the problems of supporting dementia sufferers for both families and professionals. Current services in the community are shown to be inadequate, and the division between hospital and community largely inappropriate. In conclusion the author proposes that radical changes to current service provision are necessary including the development of special day centres and residential units for dementia sufferers. Living with Dementia: Community Care of the Elderly Mentally Infirm addressed a topic of major importance and was an invaluable source of information for community nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists, geriatricians, general practitioners and social workers, all of whom encountered the problem. Today we can look back and reflect on what has changed.
Drugs, Ageing and Society: Social and Pharmacological Perspectives (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Bruce Burns Chris PhillipsonDuring the 1970s and 1980s prescription and over-the-counter drugs had come to play a major role in the health care of older people. Originally published in 1986, this book reviews the historical background to this development and explores its social and pharmacological implications. The main aim of the study was to provide a critical perspective on drug use together with a framework for developing effective prescribing policies. The authors do not, in developing their arguments, reject the enormous value of drugs in the treatment of many illnesses affecting older people; they do, however, criticise excessive as well as inappropriate prescribing. The intention was to provide some practical illustrations of how the harmful effects of drug use can be curtailed. This book was aimed, in particular, at workers in the health services, for example: doctors, health visitors, district nurses, pharmacists, the professions allied to medicine. However, it should also be of interest to other groups such as social workers, carers, support groups and older people themselves.
Gerontology: Social and Behavioural Perspectives (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by D. B. BromleyOriginally published in 1984, Gerontology: Social and Behavioural Perspectives presents a selection of the contributions from the annual British Society of Gerontology conference, held at the University of Liverpool in 1983. Issues covered include: services for the elderly and their effectiveness, policy issues and privatisation, women and ageing, cross-cultural comparisons, approaches to dementia, and the topics of reminiscence, attitudes, education, retirement, visiting and research utilisation.
Old People's Homes and the Production of Welfare (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Bleddyn Davies Martin KnappIn 1980 old people comprised over half the clients of Local Authority Social Services Departments and accounted for about half of their resources, yet until then residential care of the aged had been a backwater of both research and practice. During the 1970s a large research literature had developed on the subject, particularly in the United States. However, studies had been partial in their focus on issues, making no attempt to draw together their arguments to create a model that described and evaluated competing theories about what it is that determines the quality of residential life. Originally published in 1981, Bleddyn Davies and Martin Knapp filled that gap in this book.The authors discuss not only the theoretical arguments about residential care and the degree to which those theories had been verified by research, but also how far the factors considered to be important had been successfully measured, considering the choices to be made between alternative varieties of care that had grown up so rapidly in the previous five years. The authors conclude with an analysis of how their approach should contribute to the discussion of issues that was to be faced by British policy-makers in the 1980s as our welfare systems attempted to cope with the increasing numbers of the very old.
Life After A Death: A Study of the Elderly Widowed (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Ann Bowling Ann CartwrightThe recently widowed experience many complex problems, and an understanding of their needs and the kinds of difficulties they encounter is essential if appropriate services and help are to be mobilized. It is the old who are most likely to be widowed, and they may face this crisis at a time when they may also be adjusting to ill health and increasing infirmity, and to retirement, with its problems of role identification and adaptation to an increase in leisure and a decrease in wealth. Most will have to learn to live alone, or to uproot themselves from their home and adjust to life with relatives. Often, the elderly person will have been involved in caring for their spouse during his or her terminal illness; widowhood will mean that they have lost their main occupation. For some, who are themselves disabled, widowhood may mean that they have lost the person who cared for them, so that there is an immediate crisis as alternative sources of care need to be found. These problems have to be faced in a situation often complicated by the anxiety, loneliness, apathy, and bewilderment of bereavement.Originally published in 1982, Life After A Death presents the results of a study of the experiences and attitudes of over 350 elderly widowed men and women, their general practitioners, and their relatives, friends, and neighbours, and considers the implications of the help the widowed received, or failed to receive, from those to whom it was most likely that they would turn for support. The authors’ identification and description of the emotional and practical day-to-day needs of the widowed, and their recommendations about the potential role of the general practitioner and voluntary and social services, should be considered by all those concerned to alleviate the difficulties of the widowed, and to help them to live a better ‘life after a death’.
Visual Disability in the Elderly (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Tim CullinanVisual disability (including blindness) is of major significance among the elderly, and since it is so crucial to the quality of life of the elderly, it is necessary for all professional staff concerned with old people to have an understanding of the subject. Originally published in 1986, this book was written for such an audience, whether involved in care in the hospital, nursing home or the person’s own home, and includes physicians in geriatric medicine, family doctors, nurses, social workers and staff in old people’s homes, as well as volunteers or relatives. The book will also interest ophthalmic surgeons, doctors, nurses and students.The book describes the nature of visual disability, the ‘ageing eye’ and epidemiology of the problem. It discusses the measurement of distant and near vision and how environmental factors such as lighting, colour contrasts, interior design and external architecture can affect vision. Aids, from suitable simple lenses to complex low vision aids, are also reviewed.
Communication Problems in Elderly People: Practical Approaches to Management (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Rosemary GravellIn the 1980s work with elderly people was making up an increasing proportion of the workload of speech therapists, due to the overall increase in the elderly population. At the same time all health professionals, such as nurses working in long-stay wards or nursing homes, had many elderly patients or clients who showed communication difficulties due to general problems such as institutionalization, social skill deficits, poor hearing or dementia.
Ageing and Mental Handicap (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by James Hogg Steve Moss Diana CookeIn the 1980s there was growing interest in the topic of ageing and learning disabilities, for two principal reasons. First, the life expectancy of people with learning disabilities had risen significantly over the previous decades and many, once infancy had been survived, could expect a life span similar to that of non-disabled people. Secondly, a growing commitment on the part of the government and service providers to make provision for people with disabilities in the community rather than in institutions, had focused attention on this group.
Ageing, Neuropsychology and the 'New' Dementias: Definitions, Explanations and Practical Approaches (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Una HoldenUp to the 1990s, the influence of brain function disturbances and causes of dementia in the elderly had mostly been overlooked as a possible explanation for antisocial or unusual behaviour. As a result, these had tended not to be included in assessment and training programmes.
Daughters Who Care: Daughters Caring for Mothers at Home (Routledge Library Editions: Aging)
by Jane Lewis Barbara MeredithIn the 1980s, as the proportion of elderly people in the population grew steadily larger, the task of looking after them would fall increasingly on one group – daughters. The government, in promoting its move in social policy towards community care, had stated that ‘the family’ – which in practice meant women – must expect to provide the bulk of care in the future. But how do women feel about this? What impact does caring for others have on their own lives? How might professional helpers better support them?