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Biodegradable Metals: From Concept to Applications (SpringerBriefs in Materials)
by Hendra HermawanThis book in the emerging research field of biomaterials covers biodegradable metals for biomedical applications. The book contains two main parts where each of them consists of three chapters. The first part introduces the readers to the field of metallic biomaterials, exposes the state of the art of biodegradable metals, and reveals its application for cardiovascular implants. Some fundamental aspects to give basic understanding on metals for further review on the degradable ones is covered in chapter one. The second chapter introduces the concept of biodegradable metals, it's state of the art and discuses a shifted paradigm from inert to bioactive, from corrosion resistant to corrodible metals. The third chapter focuses on the challenges and opportunities of using biodegradable metals for cardiovascular applications. The second part exposes an example of biodegradable metals from its concept to applications where a complete study on metallic biodegradable stent is detailed from materials design, development, testing till the implant fabrication. The forth chapter reveals new alloys development devoted for metallic biodegradable stent based on required criteria derrived from clinical needs and current nondegradable stents properties. Degradation of the alloys in simulated arterial conditions and its effect to cells are exposed in chapter five. The both chapters are concluded with a benchmarking of some more recent researches on materials development and testing for biodegradable stents. Chapter six reveals the tranformation process of the materials into stent prototypes where a standard process for making 316L stainless steel stents was followed. The book is completed by a perspective on the use of biodegradable metals for biomedical applications in the era of tissue engineering.
Radiation Protection in Nuclear Medicine
by Christoph Hoeschen Sören MattssonThis book explains clearly and in detail all aspects of radiation protection in nuclear medicine, including measurement quantities and units, detectors and dosimeters, and radiation biology. Discussion of radiation doses to patients and to embryos, fetuses, and children forms a central part of the book. Phantom models, biokinetic models, calculations, and software solutions are all considered, and a further chapter is devoted to quality assurance and reference levels. Occupational exposure also receives detailed attention. Exposure resulting from the production, labeling, and injection of radiopharmaceuticals and from contact with patients is discussed and shielding calculations are explained. The book closes by considering exposure of the public and summarizing the "rules of thumb" for radiation protection in nuclear medicine. This is an ideal textbook for students and a ready source of useful information for nuclear medicine specialists and medical physics experts.
Data Matching: Concepts and Techniques for Record Linkage, Entity Resolution, and Duplicate Detection (Data-Centric Systems and Applications)
by Peter ChristenData matching (also known as record or data linkage, entity resolution, object identification, or field matching) is the task of identifying, matching and merging records that correspond to the same entities from several databases or even within one database. Based on research in various domains including applied statistics, health informatics, data mining, machine learning, artificial intelligence, database management, and digital libraries, significant advances have been achieved over the last decade in all aspects of the data matching process, especially on how to improve the accuracy of data matching, and its scalability to large databases. Peter Christen's book is divided into three parts: Part I, "Overview", introduces the subject by presenting several sample applications and their special challenges, as well as a general overview of a generic data matching process. Part II, "Steps of the Data Matching Process", then details its main steps like pre-processing, indexing, field and record comparison, classification, and quality evaluation. Lastly, part III, "Further Topics", deals with specific aspects like privacy, real-time matching, or matching unstructured data. Finally, it briefly describes the main features of many research and open source systems available today. By providing the reader with a broad range of data matching concepts and techniques and touching on all aspects of the data matching process, this book helps researchers as well as students specializing in data quality or data matching aspects to familiarize themselves with recent research advances and to identify open research challenges in the area of data matching. To this end, each chapter of the book includes a final section that provides pointers to further background and research material. Practitioners will better understand the current state of the art in data matching as well as the internal workings and limitations of current systems. Especially, they will learn that it is often not feasible to simply implement an existing off-the-shelf data matching system without substantial adaption and customization. Such practical considerations are discussed for each of the major steps in the data matching process.
Symptoms and Signs in Pediatric Surgery
by Georges L. KaiserThis concise textbook of pediatric surgery is designed to guide the reader logically from symptoms and signs to diagnosis and treatment. Each chapter is devoted to one of 35 key symptoms and signs, which are organized according to six body regions: head, neck, chest, abdomen, urogenital system, and back. In each case, a brief assessment of the presenting sign/symptom and differential diagnosis is followed by discussion of occurrence, clinical presentation and significance, diagnostic work-up, treatment, and prognosis. Informative tables, illustrations, and up-to-date references are included throughout. Readers will also have access to an e-learning tool developed in collaboration with the Institute of Medical Education, University of Bern, which highlights the characteristics of pediatric surgical disorders and their treatment and includes clinical, radiological, and intraoperative images.
Hygrothermal Behavior, Building Pathology and Durability
by Vasco Peixoto Freitas J.M.P.Q. DelgadoThe main purpose of this book, Hygrothermal, Building Pathology and Durability, is to provide a collection of recent research works to contribute to the systematization and dissemination of knowledge related to construction pathology, hygrothermal behaviour of buildings, durability and diagnostic techniques and, simultaneously, to show the most recent advances in this domain. It includes a set of new developments in the field of building physics and hygrothermal behaviour, durability approach for historical and old buildings and building pathology vs. durability. The book is divided in several chapters that are a resume of the current state of knowledge for benefit of professional colleagues, scientists, students, practitioners, lecturers and other interested parties to network.
Prime Divisors and Noncommutative Valuation Theory
by Fred Van Oystaeyen Hidetoshi MarubayashiClassical valuation theory has applications in number theory and class field theory as well as in algebraic geometry, e.g. in a divisor theory for curves. But the noncommutative equivalent is mainly applied to finite dimensional skewfields. Recently however, new types of algebras have become popular in modern algebra; Weyl algebras, deformed and quantized algebras, quantum groups and Hopf algebras, etc. The advantage of valuation theory in the commutative case is that it allows effective calculations, bringing the arithmetical properties of the ground field into the picture. This arithmetical nature is also present in the theory of maximal orders in central simple algebras. Firstly, we aim at uniting maximal orders, valuation rings, Dubrovin valuations, etc. in a common theory, the theory of primes of algebras. Secondly, we establish possible applications of the noncommutative arithmetics to interesting classes of algebras, including the extension of central valuations to nice classes of quantized algebras, the development of a theory of Hopf valuations on Hopf algebras and quantum groups, noncommutative valuations on the Weyl field and interesting rings of invariants and valuations of Gauss extensions.
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (Climate Change Management #0)
by Walter Leal FilhoThere has been some degree of reluctance in the past to consider disaster risk management within the mainstream of adaptation to climate variability and climate change. However, there is now wide recognition of the need to incorporate disaster risk management concerns in dealing with such phenomena. There is also a growing awareness of the necessity for a multi-sectoral approach in managing the effects of climate variability and climate change, since this can lead to a significant reduction of risk. This book presents the latest findings from scientific research on climate variation, climate change and their links with disaster risk management. It showcases projects and other initiatives in this field that are being undertaken in both industrialised and developing countries, by universities and scientific institutions, government bodies, national and international agencies, NGOs and other stakeholders. Finally, it discusses current and future challenges, identifying opportunities and highlighting the still unrealised potential for promoting better understanding of the connections between climate variation, climate change and disaster risk management worldwide.
Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties
by Bharat Bhushan Dan Luo Scott R. Schricker Wolfgang Sigmund Stefan ZauscherNanomaterials attract tremendous attention in recent researches. Although extensive research has been done in this field it still lacks a comprehensive reference work that presents data on properties of different Nanomaterials. This Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties will be the first single reference work that brings together the various properties with wide breadth and scope.
Natural Gas Hydrates
by Changling Liu Yuguang Ye"Natural Gas Hydrates: Experimental Techniques and Their Applications" attempts to broadly integrate the most recent knowledge in the fields of hydrate experimental techniques in the laboratory. The book examines various experimental techniques in order to provide useful parameters for gas hydrate exploration and exploitation. It provides experimental techniques for gas hydrates, including the detection techniques, the thermo-physical properties, permeability and mechanical properties, geochemical abnormalities, stability and dissociation kinetics, exploitation conditions, as well as modern measurement technologies etc. This book will be of interest to experimental scientists who engage in gas hydrate experiments in the laboratory, and is also intended as a reference work for students concerned with gas hydrate research. Yuguang Ye is a distinguished professor of Experimental Geology at Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, China. Professor Changling Liu works at the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, China.
Entrepreneurial Alertness: An Exploratory Study
by Zhineng LiEntrepreneurial alertness plays an important role in the processes of opportunity exploration and exploitation. A central thesis of this dissertation is that opportunity creation requires a certain transformation of an individual entrepreneur's mental schema. This study examines entrepreneurial alertness at the individual level. A comprehensive model of entrepreneurial alertness are created and tested via structural equation modeling on the basis of survey data from 1080 entrepreneurs in two coastal regions of P. R. China.
Unternehmensmodellierung
by Kurt Sandkuhl Matthias Wißotzki Janis StirnaUnternehmensmodellierung dient dazu, die wichtigsten Komponenten von Organisationen sowie deren Relationen zueinander abzubilden. Sie wird bei einer Vielzahl strategischer und operativer Aufgaben eingesetzt. In dem Buch erl#65533;utern die Autoren anhand der Methode ,,Kochbuch" die Grundlagen und Einsatzwecke der Unternehmensmodellierung, insbesondere stellen sie die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf ein Unternehmen und die Analysetechniken dar. Die Konzepte und Methoden k#65533;nnen durch genaue Vorgehensbeschreibungen unmittelbar angewendet werden.
Mathematical Statistics
by Johann PfanzaglIn the middle of the last century the development of mathematical statistics underwent an enduring change, due to the use of more refined mathematical tools. New concepts like sufficiency, superefficiency, adaptivity etc. motivated scholars to reflect upon the interpretation of mathematical concepts in terms of their real-world relevance. Questions concerning the optimality of estimators, for instance, had remained unanswered for decades, as a meaningful concept of optimality (based on regularity of the estimators, the representation of their limit distribution and assertions about their concentration by means of Anderson's Theorem) was not yet available. The rapidly developing asymptotic theory provided approximate answers to questions for which non-asymptotic theory had found no satisfying solutions. In four engaging essays, Pfanzagl's book presents a detailed description of how the use of mathematical methods stimulated the development of a statistical theory. A book on the history of mathematical statistics would offer a description of who did what and when. Pfanzagl's book, centred on questions of methodology, points to missed opportunities, questionable proofs, neglected questions of priority, and to the presence of such deficiencies even in recent textbooks.
Organometallic Pincer Chemistry
by David Milstein Gerard Van KotenGerard van Koten: The Mono-anionic ECE-Pincer Ligand - a Versatile Privileged Ligand Platform: General Considerations.- Elena Poverenov, David Milstein: Non-Innocent Behavior of PCP and PCN Pincer Ligands of Late Metal Complexes.- Dean M. Roddick: Tuning of PCP Pincer Ligand Electronic and Steric Properties.- Gemma R. Freeman, J. A. Gareth Williams: Metal Complexes of Pincer Ligands: Excited States, Photochemistry, and Luminescence.- Davit Zargarian, Annie Castonguay, Denis M. Spasyuk: ECE-Type Pincer Complexes of Nickel.- Roman Jambor and Libor Dostál: The Chemistry of Pincer Complexes of 13 - 15 Main Group Elements.- Kálmán J. Szabo: Pincer Complexes as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry.- Jun-ichi Ito and Hisao Nishiyama: Optically Active Bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl Metal Complexes as Multi-potent Catalysts.- Anthony St. John, Karen I. Goldberg, and D. Michael Heinekey: Pincer Complexes as Catalysts for Amine Borane Dehydrogenation.- Dmitri Gelman and Ronit Romm: PC(sp3)P Transition Metal Pincer Complexes: Properties and Catalytic Applications.- Jennifer Hawk and Steve Craig: Physical Applications of Pincer Complexes.
Handbook of Nano-Optics and Nanophotonics
by Motoichi OhtsuIn the 1990s, optical technology and photonics industry developed fast, but further progress became difficult due to a fundamental limit of light known as the diffraction limit. This limit could be overcome using the novel technology of nano-optics or nanophotonics in which the size of the electromagnetic field is decreased down to the nanoscale and is used as a carrier for signal transmission, processing, and fabrication. Such a decrease beyond the diffraction limit is possible by using optical near-fields. The true nature of nano-optics and nanophotonics involves not only their abilities to meet the above requirements but also their abilities to realize qualitative innovations in photonic devices, fabrication techniques, energy conversion and information processing systems. The objective of this work is to review the innovations of optical science and technology by nano-optics and nanophotonics. While in conventional optical science and technology, light and matter are discussed separately, in nano-optics and nanophotonics, light and matter have to be regarded as being coupled to each other, and the energy flow between nanoparticles is bidirectional. This means that nano-optics and nanophotonics have to be regarded as a technology fusing optical fields and matter. This unique work reviews and covers the most recent topics of nano-optics, applications to device operations, fabrication techniques, energy conversion, information processing, architectures and algorithms. Each chapter is written by the leading scientists in the relevant field. Thus, this work will provide high-quality scientific and technical information to scientists, engineers, and graduate students who are and will be engaged in R&D of nano-optics and nanophotonics. Especially, the topics to be covered by this work will be popularly used by the engineers in the rapidly growing market of the optical energy conversion.
Quantum Physics: The Bottom-Up Approach
by Dirk Dubbers Hans-Jürgen StöckmannThis concise tutorial provides the bachelor student and the practitioner with a short text on quantum physics that allows them to understand a wealth of quantum phenomena based on a compact, well readable, yet still concise and accurate description of nonrelativistic quantum theory. This "quadrature of the circle" is achieved by concentrating first on the simplest quantum system that still displays all basic features of quantum theory, namely, a system with only two quantized energy levels. For most readers it is very helpful to understand such simple systems before slowly proceeding to more demanding topics like particle entanglement, quantum chaos, or the use of irreducible tensors. This tutorial does not intend to replace the standard textbooks on quantum mechanics, but will help the average student to understand them, often for the first time.
Operations Research: A Model-Based Approach
by H. A. Eiselt Carl-Louis SandblomThe book covers the standard models and techniques used in decision making in organizations. The main emphasis of the book is on modeling business-related scenarios and the generation of decision alternatives. Fully solved examples from many areas are used to illustrate the main concepts without getting bogged down in technical details. The book presents an approach to operations research that is heavily based on modeling and makes extensive use of sensitivity analyses. It is a result of many years of combined teaching experience of the authors.The second edition adds new material on multicriteria optimization, postman problems, Lagrangian relaxation, cutting planes, machine scheduling, and Markov chains. Support material is found on a free website and includes some algorithms, additional fully solved problems and slides for instructors.
Die Zukunft der Führung
by Sven GroteWissenschaftlich fundiert und praxisnah reflektieren über 30 namhafte Autoren über Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft der Führung. Ein Blick in Forschung und Praxis zeigt: Altbewährte Führungskonzepte, wie zum Beispiel das Kontingenzmodell der 60er Jahre, finden zwar nach wie vor Anwendung, sind aber "in die Jahre gekommen". Mit welchen Herausforderungen müssen Führungskräfte in Zukunft umgehen? Welche Kompetenzen brauchen sie dafür? Diese Fragen erörtern die Autoren und regen damit zu einer neuen Diskussion um die "Zukunft der Führung" an.
Swimming Physiology of Fish
by Arjan P. Palstra Josep V. PlanasIn light of mounting fishing pressures, increased aquaculture production and a growing concern for fish well-being, improved knowledge on the swimming physiology of fish and its application to fisheries science and aquaculture is needed. This book presents recent investigations into some of the most extreme examples of swimming migrations in salmons, eels and tunas, integrating knowledge on their performance in the laboratory with that in their natural environment. For the first time, the application of swimming in aquaculture is explored by assessing the potential impacts and beneficial effects. The modified nutritional requirements of "athletic" fish are reviewed as well as the effects of exercise on muscle composition and meat quality using state-of-the-art techniques in genomics and proteomics. The last chapters introduce zebrafish as a novel exercise model and present the latest technologies for studying fish swimming and aquaculture applications.
Space-Filling Curves
by Michael BaderThe present book provides an introduction to using space-filling curves (SFC) as tools in scientific computing. Special focus is laid on the representation of SFC and on resulting algorithms. For example, grammar-based techniques are introduced for traversals of Cartesian and octree-type meshes, and arithmetisation of SFC is explained to compute SFC mappings and indexings. The locality properties of SFC are discussed in detail, together with their importance for algorithms. Templates for parallelisation and cache-efficient algorithms are presented to reflect the most important applications of SFC in scientific computing. Special attention is also given to the interplay of adaptive mesh refinement and SFC, including the structured refinement of triangular and tetrahedral grids. For each topic, a short overview is given on the most important publications and recent research activities.
Plant Life of the Dolomites
by Erika Pignatti Sandro PignattiThis volume provides an in-depth analysis of over 100 plant communities of the Dolomite vegetation. The data is based on the phytosociological relevés, which have been collected by the authors in nearly 2000 surveys. The key part consists of approx. 130 association tables presenting plant sociological data for the respective plant communities. Thus, this volume perfectly complements the successful main volume "Plant Life of the Dolomites: Vegetation Structure and Ecology," which features summarized, synoptic association tables of the twelve habitats. In addition, geo-referenced locations of relevés and detailed ecological measures are provided. A further part describes the individual components of the fascinating dolomitic landscape (Heritage of all Humanity) and presents tables of vegetation complexes, which summarize the more than 400 surveys carried out in the Dolomites. The structure of this supplementary volume corresponds to that of the main volume with a key part consisting of twelve chapters, each describing a specific habitat, and a total of 106 associations. Several topics covered in the main volume, such as the exploration of the flora, ecological factors and syntaxonomy are discussed further here.
Fundamentals of Geophysical Hydrodynamics
by Boris Khesin E. B. Gledzer Felix V. Dolzhansky A. E. GledzerThis newly-translated book takes the reader from the basic principles and conservation laws of hydrodynamics to the description of general atmospheric circulation. Among the topics covered are the Kelvin, Ertel and Rossby-Obukhov invariants, quasi-geostrophic equation, thermal wind, singular Helmholtz vortices, derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation, Kolmogorov's flow, hydrodynamic stability, and geophysical boundary layers. Generalizing V. Arnold's approach to hydrodynamics, the author ingeniously brings in an analogy of Coriolis forces acting on fluid with motion of the Euler heavy top and shows how this is used in the analysis of general atmospheric circulation. This book is based on popular graduate and undergraduate courses given by F.V.Dolzhansky at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and is the result of the author's highly acclaimed work in Moscow's Laboratory of Geophysical Hydrodynamics. Each chapter is full of examples and figures, exercises and hints, motivating and illustrating both theoretical and experimental results. The exposition is comprehensive yet user-friendly in engaging and exploring the broad range of topics for students and researchers in mathematics, physics, meteorology and engineering.
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca and Filamentary Keratopathy
by Helena M. TaberyThis book presents in vivo captured high-magnification images of two conditions: keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS, or dry eye), an extremely common disease of the ocular surface, and filamentary keratopathy, a relatively rare phenomenon most commonly associated with KCS. The images of KCS represent the broad spectrum of ocular surface changes seen in the condition while the images of filamentary keratopathy clearly reveal the components of the ocular surface appendices, termed filaments. The photographs show phenomena captured in various illumination modes, without staining and after staining with diagnostic dyes, and the photographic sequences illustrate their dynamics. The images reflect the in vivo situation. Once aware of the various phenomena, anyone working with standard diagnostic equipment - the slit lamp and the diagnostic dyes- will be able to detect almost all of them. The book will be invaluable for all who deal with ocular surface diseases.
Approaching Business Models from an Economic Perspective (SpringerBriefs in Business)
by Wuxiang Zhu Wei Wei Guiping LinApproaching Business Models from an Economic Perspective examines business model logic and explores the model from different aspects including definition, design, functionality, elements, and self-sustaining logic. It explains the essence and core elements of a business model and unlocks its mysteries, helping transform business model practices into an expedient set of theories that in turn facilitate application in real scenarios. The book explores the logic behind the six major elements and enables entrepreneurs to study and implement business model theory and make decisions confidently based on a compelling logic. Moreover, it demonstrates through an array of convincing examples that a transaction structure and its six elements follow the principles of increasing transaction value, reducing transaction costs, and mitigating transaction risks.
Pasteurella multocida
by Klaus Aktories Ben Adler Joachim H.C. OrthThis volume brings together contributions from experts in the field of Pasteurella research. Its covers areas such as comparative genomics, pathogenic mechanisms, bacterial proteomics, as well as a detailed description and analysis of PMT and its interaction with host tissues, cells, immune system, and signalling pathways.
Gynecological Imaging: A Reference Guide to Diagnosis
by Jean Noel Buy Michel GhossainThis book provides a detailed guide to the use and interpretation of color Doppler ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging in patients with gynecological disorders. The advantages and limitations of each modality in imaging different pathologies are clearly presented, and advice is provided on the most appropriate option when ultrasound does not permit a definite diagnosis or fails to determine the precise extension of a lesion. Throughout, emphasis is placed on the importance of microscopic and macroscopic findings for a full understanding of the radiological appearances, and relevant points from the basic sciences are also highlighted. Special attention is paid to issues of differential diagnosis and imaging results that are characteristic of a particular type of lesion. The authors are recognized experts in the field who draw upon their considerable experience to provide an up-to-date reference book highly relevant to everyday clinical practice.