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Does International Trade Need a Doctrine of Transnational Law?
by Maren HeidemannThis paper looks at the current status and role of specific commercial contract law both national and international in view of recent European contract law reform. It reviews the value and necessity of a special and separate contract law for merchants in a global market and discusses critically the terminology, doctrine and objectives which this law is based upon. For a long time the choice of transnational law rules which are often non-state law has been marginalised and made impossible in state court proceedings. The new Common European Sales Law circumvents this problem by proposing to be used as national law. International practice in commercial dispute settlement may therefore still remain at the forefront of promoting and modelling the use of transnational contract law.
Green Business Process Management
by Jan Vom Brocke Jan Recker Stefan SeidelGreen Business Process Management - Towards the Sustainable Enterprise" consolidates the global state-of-the-art knowledge about how business processes can be managed and improved in light of sustainability objectives. Business organizations, a dominant part of our society, have always been a major contributor to the degradation of our natural environment, through the resource consumption, greenhouse emissions, and wastage production associated with their business processes. In order to lessen their impact on the natural environment, organizations must design and implement environmentally sustainable business processes. Finding solutions to this organizational design problem is the key challenge of Green Business Process Management. This book- discusses the emerging challenges of designing "green" business processes,- presents tools and methods that organizations can use in order to design and implement environmentally sustainable processes, and- provides insights from cases where organizations successfully engaged in more sustainable business practices. The book is of relevance to both practitioners and academics who are interested in understanding, designing, and implementing "green" business processes. It also constitutes a valuable resource for students and lecturers in the fields of information systems, management, and sustainable development. Preface by Richard T. Watson
Online Maps with APIs and WebServices
by Michael P. PetersonThe Internet has become the major form of map delivery. The current presentation of maps is based on the use of online services. This session examines developments related to online methods of map delivery, particularly Application Programmer Interfaces (APIs) and MapServices in general, including Google Maps API and similar services. Map mashups have had a major impact on how spatial information is presented. The advantage of using a major online mapping site is that the maps represent a common and recognizable representation of the world. Overlaying features on top of these maps provides a frame of reference for the map user. A particular advantage for thematic mapping is the ability to spatially reference thematic data.
Ricin and Shiga Toxins
by Nicholas MantisIn May of 2011, Western Europe experienced a severe outbreak of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) that culminated in more than 3200 cases and 39 deaths. While Stx is not the only virulence factor associated with STEC, it is certainly the primary determinant associated with the onset of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). At the present time, there are no clinically approved measures to neutralize Stx in individuals suffering from STEC infection. Nor are there any preventatives or therapeutics for ricin toxin. Although incidents of ricin exposure are largely unheard of, federal agencies and public health officials consider it a significant threat. It is well documented that domestic and international terrorist groups have stockpiled, and in some cases weaponized ricin with the intent of releasing it into the public sphere and causing panic, illness and/or death on a local, regional, or possibly national scale. The chapters, written by leading experts in the field, are organized so as to cover all aspects of ricin and Stx, including pathogenesis, immunity, vaccines and therapeutics. This outstanding collection of reviews will serve as an important and readily accessible resource for the research community in the coming years.
Improving Software Testing: Technical and Organizational Developments
by Tim A. MajchrzakSoftware is continuously increasing in complexity. Paradigmatic shifts and new development frameworks make it easier to implement software - but not to test it. Software testing remains to be a topic with many open questions with regard to both technical low-level aspects and to the organizational embedding of testing. However, a desired level of software quality cannot be achieved by either choosing a technical procedure or by optimizing testing processes. In fact, it requires a holistic approach.This Brief summarizes the current knowledge of software testing and introduces three current research approaches. The base of knowledge is presented comprehensively in scope but concise in length; thereby the volume can be used as a reference. Research is highlighted from different points of view. Firstly, progress on developing a tool for automated test case generation (TCG) based on a program's structure is introduced. Secondly, results from a project with industry partners on testing best practices are highlighted. Thirdly, embedding testing into e-assessment of programming exercises is described.
Applying Cognitive Grammar in the Foreign Language Classroom: Teaching English Tense and Aspect (Second Language Learning and Teaching)
by Mirosław Pawlak Jakub BielakThe monograph constitutes an attempt to demonstrate how Cognitive Grammar (CG) can be employed in the foreign language classroom with a view to aiding learners in better understanding the complexities of English grammar. Its theoretical part provides a brief overview of the main tenets of Cognitive Grammar as well as illustrating how the description of English tense and aspect can be approached from a traditional and a CG perspective. The empirical part reports the findings of an empirical study which aimed to compare the effects of instruction utilizing traditional pedagogic descriptions with those grounded in CG on the explicit an implicit knowledge of the Present Simple and Present Continuous Tenses. The book closes with the discussion of directions for further research when it comes to the application of CG to language pedagogy as well as some pedagogic implications
Handbook of CO₂ in Power Systems
by Panos M. Pardalos Niko A. Iliadis Mario V. Pereira Steffen Rebennack Qipeng P. ZhengThe Handbook of CO in Power Systems' objective is to include the state-of-the-art developments that occurred in power systems taking CO emission into account. The book includes power systems operation modeling with CO emissions considerations, CO market mechanism modeling, CO regulation policy modeling, carbon price forecasting, and carbon capture modeling. For each of the subjects, at least one article authored by a world specialist on the specific domain is included.
Frakturen auf einen Blick
by Christian Müller-Mai Axel EkkernkampKompakt und anschaulich zeigt der Band für den klinischen Alltag, wie Frakturen optimal zu behandeln sind. Alle für die Diagnosestellung relevanten Informationen sind schlagwortartig zusammengefasst, eine übersichtliche Aufbereitung der gebräuchlichsten Klassifikationssysteme erleichtert die Einordnung und schließlich zeigt die schematische Darstellung der Therapieoptionen den Weg zur richtigen Versorgung. Weitere Informationen rund um die Behandlung von Frakturen sind stichpunktartig aufgelistet. Der Band enthält ca. 300 Abbildungen.
From Nucleic Acids Sequences to Molecular Medicine
by Jan Barciszewski Volker A. ErdmannDespite a half century of structural, biophysical and biochemical investigations of ribonucleic acids, they are still mysterious. RNAs stand at fertile crossroads of disciplines, integrating concepts from genomics, proteomics, dynamics as well as biochemistry and molecular biology. From 20 years it is clear, that genetic regulation of eukaryotic organisms has been misunderstood for the last years that the expression of genetic information is effected only by proteins. Basic understanding of nucleic acids has enhanced our foundation to probe novel biological functions. This is especially evident for RNA molecules whose functionality, maturation, and regulation require formation of correct secondary structure through encoded base-pairing interactions.
Aussage gegen Aussage in sexuellen Missbrauchsverfahren: Defizitäre Angeklagtenrechte in Deutschland und Österreich und deren Korrekturmöglichkeiten
by Florian WilleBei sexuellen Missbrauchsvorwürfen steht so gut wie immer die Existenz des Beschuldigten auf dem Spiel, gleich, ob die Beschuldigung zu Recht oder Unrecht erhoben wird. In den Fällen des sexuellen Missbrauchs geht es häufig um die beweisrechtlich schwierige Situation Aussage gegen Aussage. Hier sind Vorwürfe des öfteren falsch und die Fehlurteilsquote ist hoch. Die Verurteilung eines zu Unrecht Angeklagten begünstigen insbesondere Verfahrensmängel in der deutschen und österreichischen Strafrechtspraxis, obwohl es für beide Verfahrensordnungen effektive Korrekturmöglichkeiten gibt. In dem vorliegenden Werk werden Verfahrensdefizite in Missbrauchsverfahren in Deutschland herausgearbeitet und sodann mit der Verfahrenssituation in Österreich verglichen. Abschließend werden Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der verfahrensrechtlichen Vorschriften beider Länder unterbreitet mit dem Ziel, ein größeres Maß an Gerechtigkeit zu erreichen.
From the Molecular World
by Alan J. Rocke Hermann KoppHermann Kopp (1817-1892) is best remembered today as a historian of chemistry, but during his lifetime he was one of the most eminent chemists of his day, and one of the earliest pioneers of physical chemistry. Late in his career he wrote an endearing fantasy about personified molecules. Published in 1882, Aus der Molecular-Welt (From the Molecular World) portrayed the intimate details of what might actually be happening in the sub-microscopic world; the atoms and molecules we meet there have agency, personalities, sometimes even dialog. Filled with appealing tropes, humor, and whimsical asides, Kopp's short book provided an examination of the chemistry and physics of his day that was always light-hearted on the surface, but often surprisingly profound. Properly interpreted, the book provides a revealing tour of nineteenth-century debates concerning chemical theory. It is here translated into English, richly annotated, and equipped with an illuminating preface by a leading historian of chemistry. It provides entertaining reading to practicing chemists, as well as new insights to historians of science.
Advanced X-ray Crystallography (Topics in Current Chemistry #315)
by Kari RissanenComputational Studies of Crystal Structure and Bonding, by Angelo Gavezzotti Cryo-Crystallography: Diffraction at Low Temperature and More, by Piero Macchi High-Pressure Crystallography, by Malcolm I. McMahon Chemical X-Ray Photodiffraction: Principles, Examples, and Perspectives, by Panče Naumov Powder Diffraction Crystallography of Molecular Solids, by Kenneth D. M. Harris
Instandhaltung
by Matthias StrunzIn dem Lehrbuch werden die Grundlagen der Instandhaltung und verschiedene Aspekte der Schädigungstheorie vermittelt. Nach einer Einführung in Arbeitssicherheit und Umweltverträglichkeit als wesentliche Instandhaltungsziele behandelt der Autor die Zuverlässigkeitstheorie. Die Entwicklung von Instandhaltungsmodellen und die Funktionsbestimmung, Dimensionierung und Strukturierung von Instandhaltungswerkstätten sind ein weiterer Schwerpunkt. Viele Beispiele illustrieren die theoretischen Zusammenhänge, zudem enthält der Band Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungen.
MicroRNAs in Plant Development and Stress Responses
by Ramanjulu SunkarPrecise regulation of gene expression in both time and space is vital to plant growth, development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This is achieved by multiple mechanisms, with perhaps the most important control being exerted at the level of transcription. However, with the recent discovery of microRNAs another ubiquitous mode of gene regulation that occurs at the post-transcriptional level has been identified. MicroRNAs can silence gene expression by targeting complementary or partially complementary mRNAs for degradation or translational inhibition. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs play fundamental roles in plant growth and development, as well as in adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. This book highlights the roles of individual miRNAs that control and regulate diverse aspects of plant processes.
Molecular Electronic Structures of Transition Metal Complexes II
by Peter Day David Michael Mingos Jens Peder DahlT. Ziegler: A Chronicle About the Development of Electronic Structure Theories for Transition Metal Complexes.- J. Linderberg: Orbital Models and Electronic Structure Theory.- J.S. and J.E. Avery: Sturmians and Generalized Sturmians in Quantum Theory.- B.T Sutcliffe: Chemistry as a "Manifestation of Quantum Phenomena" and the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation?- A.J. McCaffery: From Ligand Field Theory to Molecular Collision Dynamics: A Common Thread of Angular Momentum.- M. Atanasov, D. Ganyushin, K. Sivalingam and F. Neese: A Modern First-Principles View on Ligand Field Theory Through the Eyes of Correlated Multireference Wavefunctions.- R.S. Berry and B.M. Smirnov: The Phase Rule: Beyond Myopia to Understanding.
Mathematical Modeling in Renal Physiology
by Anita T. Layton Aurélie EdwardsWith the availability of high speed computers and advances in computational techniques, the application of mathematical modeling to biological systems is expanding. This comprehensive and richly illustrated volume provides up-to-date, wide-ranging material on the mathematical modeling of kidney physiology, including clinical data analysis and practice exercises. Basic concepts and modeling techniques introduced in this volume can be applied to other areas (or organs) of physiology. The models presented describe the main homeostatic functions performed by the kidney, including blood filtration, excretion of water and salt, maintenance of electrolyte balance and regulation of blood pressure. Each chapter includes an introduction to the basic relevant physiology, a derivation of the essential conservation equations and then a discussion of a series of mathematical models, with increasing level of complexity. This volume will be of interest to biological and mathematical scientists, as well as physiologists and nephrologists, who would like an introduction to mathematical techniques that can be applied to renal transport and function. The material is written for students who have had college-level calculus, but can be used in modeling courses in applied mathematics at all levels through early graduate courses.
The New World of Economics: A Remake of a Classic for New Generations of Economics Students
by Richard B. Mckenzie Gordon TullockThe New World of Economics, 6th edition, by Richard McKenzie and Gordon Tullock, represents a revival of a classic text that, when it was first published, changed substantially the way economics would be taught at the introductory and advanced levels of economics for all time. In a very real sense, many contemporary general-audience economics books that seek to apply the "economic way of thinking" to an unbounded array of social issues have grown out of the disciplinary tradition established by earlier editions of The New World of Economics. This new edition of The New World will expose new generations of economics students to how McKenzie and Tullock have applied in a lucid manner a relatively small number of economic concepts and principles to a cluster of topics that have been in the book from its first release and to a larger number of topics that are new to this edition, with the focus of the new topics on showing students how economic thinking can be applied to business decision making. This edition continues the book's tradition of taking contrarian stances on important economic issues. Economics professors have long reported that The New World is a rare book in that students will read it without being required to do so.
Total Hip Arthroplasty
by Karl KnahrDuring the 2011 EFORT Congress in Copenhagen, many interesting topics relating to tribology in total hip arthroplasty were discussed during a special day devoted entirely to the subject. EFORT decided that, given the wide interest in these discussions, publication of the presentations would be warmly welcomed by all fellow professionals who were unable to attend. This book is the result. It provides detailed information on currently used articulating materials and their wear performance. Clinical outcomes are discussed, and important new frontiers are carefully considered. The book will be of interest both to novices who want to learn more about the field and to experienced orthopaedic surgeons wishing to keep abreast of the latest developments.
Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments, Volume 1: The Impacts of Global Change on Biodiversity (From Pole to Pole)
by Guido Di Prisco Cinzia VerdeThe poles undergo climate changes exceeding those in the rest of the world in terms of their speed and extent, and have a key role in modulating the climate of the Earth. Ecosystems adapted to polar environments are likely to become vulnerable to climate changes. Their responses allow us to analyse and foresee the impact of changes at lower latitudes. We need to increase our knowledge of the polar marine fauna of continental shelves, slopes and deep sea, as identifying the responses of species and communities is crucial to establishing efficient strategies against threats to biodiversity, using international and cross-disciplinary approaches. The IPY 2007-2009 was a scientific milestone. The outstanding contribution of Marine Biology is reflected in this volume and the next one on "Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments - The Impacts of Global Change on Biodiversity" from the series "From Pole to Pole", making these volumes a unique and invaluable component of the scientific outcome of the IPY.
Pyrethroids
by Tatsuya Mori Noritada MatsuoProgress and Future of Pyrethroids, by Yoshio Katsuda Pyrethrin Biosynthesis and Its Regulation in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, by Kazuhiko Matsuda Recent Advances of Pyrethroids for Household Use, by Kazuya Ujihara, Tatsuya Mori and Noritada Matsuo The Biological Activity of a Novel Pyrethroid: Metofluthrin, by Masayo Sugano and Takao Ishiwatari Advances in the Mode of Action of Pyrethroids, J. Marshall Clark and Steven B. Symington Mammal Toxicology of Synthetic Pyrethroids, by Ryozo Tsuji, Tomoya Yamada and Satoshi Kawamura Biotransformation and Enzymatic Reactions of Synthetic Pyrethroids in Mammals, by Kazuki Mikata, Naohiko Isobe and Hideo Kaneko Environmental Behavior of Synthetic Pyrethroids, by Toshiyuki Katagi Ecotoxicology of Synthetic Pyrethroids, by S. J. Maund, P. J. Campbell, J. M. Giddings, M. J. Hamer, K. Henry, E. D. Pilling, J. S. Warinton and J. R. Wheeler
New Developments in the Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields
by Anna Vilanova David H. LaidlawBringing together key researchers in disciplines ranging from visualization and image processing to applications in structural mechanics, fluid dynamics, elastography, and numerical mathematics, the workshop that generated this edited volume was the third in the successful Dagstuhl series. Its aim, reflected in the quality and relevance of the papers presented, was to foster collaboration and fresh lines of inquiry in the analysis and visualization of tensor fields, which offer a concise model for numerous physical phenomena. Despite their utility, there remains a dearth of methods for studying all but the simplest ones, a shortage the workshops aim to address. Documenting the latest progress and open research questions in tensor field analysis, the chapters reflect the excitement and inspiration generated by this latest Dagstuhl workshop, held in July 2009. The topics they address range from applications of the analysis of tensor fields to purer research into their mathematical and analytical properties. They show how cooperation and the sharing of ideas and data between those engaged in pure and applied research can open new vistas in the study of tensor fields.
Hepatitis C Virus: From Molecular Virology to Antiviral Therapy
by Ralf BartenschlagerHepatitis C virus (HCV), a major causative agent of chronic liver disease, is spread throughout the world and around 170 million people are persistently infected. In this volume, world-leading experts in the field of HCV research have compiled the most recent scientific advances to provide a comprehensive and very timely overview of the various facets of HCV. The book starts with a discussion of the possible origin of HCV and its spread among the human population. The focus of the subsequent chapters is on available cell culture and in vivo models before shifting to the molecular and cellular principles underlying the viral replication cycle. These chapters are complemented by insightful descriptions of the innate and adaptive immune responses to HCV as well as the virus-associated pathogenesis. Finally, the development of antiviral therapies, which is closely linked with progress in basic research, and the implementation of those therapies into present and future daily clinical practice are highlighted.
Hepatitis C Virus: From Molecular Virology To Antiviral Therapy (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology #369)
by Ralf BartenschlagerHepatitis C virus (HCV), a major causative agent of chronic liver disease, is spread throughout the world and around 170 million people are persistently infected. In this volume, world-leading experts in the field of HCV research have compiled the most recent scientific advances to provide a comprehensive and very timely overview of the various facets of HCV. The book starts with a discussion of the possible origin of HCV and its spread among the human population. The focus of the subsequent chapters is on available cell culture and in vivo models before shifting to the molecular and cellular principles underlying the viral replication cycle. These chapters are complemented by insightful descriptions of the innate and adaptive immune responses to HCV as well as the virus-associated pathogenesis. Finally, the development of antiviral therapies, which is closely linked with progress in basic research, and the implementation of those therapies into present and future daily clinical practice are highlighted.
Six Sigma+Lean Toolset: Mindset zur erfolgreichen Umsetzung von Verbesserungsprojekten
by Alexander John Christian Staudter Olin Roenpage Renata Meran Stephan LunauIn dem Band werden sämtliche Werkzeuge vorgestellt, die für die Verbesserung von Prozessen in der Projekt- und Workshoparbeit benötigt werden. Die Werkzeuge sind klar und übersichtlich erläutert - ergänzt durch Beispiele und Anwendungstipps. Die Chronologie folgt dem Ablauf eines Verbesserungsprojekts mit den Schritten D(efine), M(easure), A(nalyze), I(mprove) und C(ontrol). In der 3. Auflage werden Anwender durch Fragen zur Auswahl des geeigneten Werkzeugs geführt - ein Paradigmenwechsel vom Tool- zum Mindset, der sich in der Praxis bewährt hat.
Complex Hamiltonian Dynamics (Springer Series in Synergetics #10)
by Haris Skokos Tassos BountisThis book introduces and explores modern developments in the well established field of Hamiltonian dynamical systems. It focuses on high degree-of-freedom systems and the transitional regimes between regular and chaotic motion. The role of nonlinear normal modes is highlighted and the importance of low-dimensional tori in the resolution of the famous FPU paradox is emphasized. Novel powerful numerical methods are used to study localization phenomena and distinguish order from strongly and weakly chaotic regimes. The emerging hierarchy of complex structures in such regimes gives rise to particularly long-lived patterns and phenomena called quasi-stationary states, which are explored in particular in the concrete setting of one-dimensional Hamiltonian lattices and physical applications in condensed matter systems. The self-contained and pedagogical approach is blended with a unique balance between mathematical rigor, physics insights and concrete applications. End of chapter exercises and (more demanding) research oriented problems provide many opportunities to deepen the reader's insights into specific aspects of the subject matter. Addressing a broad audience of graduate students, theoretical physicists and applied mathematicians, this text combines the benefits of a reference work with those of a self-study guide for newcomers to the field.