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Correction Formulae for the Stress Distribution in Round Tensile Specimens at Neck Presence (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Andreas Öchsner Magdalena Gromada Gennady MishurisThe monograph deals with methods to determine mechanical properties and evaluate the flow curve of ductile materials from the tensile test. It presents classical hypotheses concerning the onset of neck creation as well as the state of the art in determining the mechanical properties from the tensile test, with emphasis on the consequences of the neck formation. It revises derivations of formulae for the stress distribution in the minimal cross-section of the axisymmetrical specimen in the classical approaches proposed by Bridgman, Davidenkov / Spiridonova and Siebel as well as in the less famous formulae derived by Szczepinski and Malinin / Petrosjan. The revision is completed with solutions evaluated by the authors. In the monograph, the simplifying assumptions utilised in the classical approaches were carefully verified by numerical simulations accompanied by theoretical analysis. Errors imposed in the evaluation of the average axial stress acting on the minimal cross-section as a result of every particular simplification are estimated. The accuracy of all formulae to evaluate the flow curve is discussed. The significance of a high accurate determination can be seen in the context of numerical simulation (e.g. finite element computations), where the total error and accuracy is partly based on the accuracy of the material input.
Analysis and Design of Biological Materials and Structures (Advanced Structured Materials #14)
by Andreas Öchsner Lucas F. Silva Holm AltenbachThis collection provides researchers and scientists with advanced analyses and materials design techniques in Biomaterials and presents mechanical studies of biological structures. In 16 contributions well known experts present their research on Stress and Strain Analysis, Material Properties, Fluid and Gas mechanics and they show related problems.
Innovation Communities: Teamworking of Key Persons - A Success Factor in Radical Innovation
by Klaus Fichter Severin BeuckerSelf-organising networks have become the dominant innovators of complex technologies and radical innovation. The growing need for co-operation to ensure innovation success calls for a broader understanding of what makes innovation projects successful and requires new concepts. The book introduces the new concept of "innovation communities", defining them as informal networks of like-minded individuals who act as innovation promotors or champions. These key figures come from various companies and organisations and will team up in a project-related fashion, jointly promoting a certain innovation, product or idea either on one or across different levels of an innovation system. The publication presents findings from surveys that demonstrate that networks of champions are a success factor in radical innovation. Five case studies of noteworthy innovation projects illustrate why the collaboration of champions can make innovation projects more successful. Furthermore, the book presents hands-on methods and includes best-practice cases and guidelines on how to develop innovation communities. This publication comprises empirical findings and practical experiences that are valuable for the following groups in particular: Entrepreneurs; Innovation, R&D, and network managers; Innovation and strategy consultants; Innovation and start-up intermediaries; Innovation researchers; Government officials and politicians responsible for R&D and innovation programmes and funding
Russian Arctic Seas
by Nataly MarchenkoFor safe operations in the Arctic, it is critical to understand the natural conditions and to learn from the experiences of ice pilots who have worked there. In the context of planning the PetroArctic project, accounts of seagoing activities in the Russian Arctic Seas that ersulted in accidents have been gathered and are now made available in this bilingual (Russian-English) volume. Here especially, the physical environment and navigation issues for the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi seas are described. Fully half of the book describes accidents induced by heavy ice conditions since 1900: 94 accidents are carefully reported and classified. Among these, the accidents involve shipwrecks, forced drift (ice jet as special case), overwintering, and various types of vessel damage. Most accounts include details such as distinguishing features, behavior of the crew, photos, and maps, which reveal ice conditions, date, location, and vessels involved (for each of four seas). The book will be useful to scientists, industrial planners and a wide audience interested in the Arctic Seas.
The New Uranium Mining Boom
by Broder Merkel Mandy SchipekThe book presents the results from the Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology Conference (UMH VI) held in September 2011, in Freiberg, Germany. The following subjects are emphasised: Uranium Mining, Phosphate Mining and Uranium recovery. Cleaning up technologies for water and soil. Analysis and sensor for Uranium and Radon and Modelling.
The New Uranium Mining Boom: Challenge and lessons learned (Springer Geology)
by Broder Merkel Mandy SchipekThe book presents the results from the Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology Conference (UMH VI) held in September 2011, in Freiberg, Germany. The following subjects are emphasised: Uranium Mining, Phosphate Mining and Uranium recovery. Cleaning up technologies for water and soil. Analysis and sensor for Uranium and Radon and Modelling.
Star Clusters in the Era of Large Surveys
by André Moitinho João AlvesThe symposium "Star Clusters in the Era of Large Surveys" was held in Lisbon on Sep 9-10 during the JENAM 2010. It served as a platform for discussing what and how recent, on-going and planned large-area ground-based and space-based surveys can contribute to producing a major leap in this research field, which has a strong European history. Scientific topics addressed included: cluster searches, clustered vs. isolated star formation, large-scale star formation, enrichment of the field population, structure, populations and evolution of the Milky Way, cluster dynamics (internal and within the Milky Way), variability of stars in clusters (from time-resolved surveys), analysis techniques for large samples and archiving. This proceedings book provides a snapshot of the ongoing discussion on the role of large surveys in star cluster research, and serves as a reference volume for the state-of-the art in the field.
Age-related Macular Degeneration
by Richard F. Spaide Alan C. Bird Daniel Pauleikhoff Frank G. HolzAge-related macular degeneration is the most common cause for the loss of central vision beyond the age of 50 in industrial nations. Triplication of the number of affected patients is expected over the next 25 years. Especially over the last years the standard of knowledge regarding etiology, risk factors, diagnostics and therapy of this retina illness has substantially grown - this will be covered in this up-to-date multi-authored work. Apart from epidemiologically and genetically identified risk factors both the various pathophysiological aspects including the role of the complement system and clinical manifestations including OCT and angiographic characteristics are clearly represented. Furthermore, the different therapeutic approaches are presented and discussed, including proven procedures such as intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy and seeing-aid systems, in addition to the latest and upcoming methods in the area of pharmacology. The volume is well-illustrated and tables and summaries complete the presentation.
Cusped Shell-Like Structures (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by George JaianiThe book is devoted to an up-dated exploratory survey of results concerning elastic cusped shells, plates, and beams and cusped prismatic shell-fluid interaction problems. It contains some up to now non-published results as well. Mathematically the corresponding problems lead to non-classical, in general, boundary value and initial-boundary value problems for governing degenerate elliptic and hyperbolic systems in static and dynamical cases, respectively. Its uses two fundamentally different approaches of investigation: 1) to get results for two-dimensional and one-dimensional problems from results of the corresponding three-dimensional problems and 2) to investigate directly governing degenerate and singular systems of 2D and 1D problems. In both the cases, it is important to study relation of 2D and 1D problems to 3D problems.
Landslides: Global Risk Preparedness
by Bin He Kyoji Sassa Badaoui Rouhban Mauri Mcsaveney Sálvano BriceñoThis book presents the global landslide risk preparedness implemented through the International Programme on Landslides (IPL). IPL was initiated by the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) in 2002, and developed to a joint international programme by the IPL Global Promotion Committee (UNESCO, WMO, FAO, UNISDR, UNU, ICSU and WFEO as well as ICL) through the 2006 Tokyo Action Plan. The materials consists of four parts: Outline of the International Programme on Landslides & IPL Global Promotion Committee; Achievements of major IPL projects in research and capacity building; World Centres of Excellence on Landslide Risk Reduction (WCoEs) and Landslide School Network; Key documents of IPL and ICL including Tokyo Action Plan, Application of ICL, IPL Projects, WCoEs and Landslide School Network
Metal Toxicity in Plants: Perception, Signaling and Remediation
by Dharmendra K. Gupta Luisa M. SandalioHeavy metal accumulation in soil and water from natural sources or anthropogenic activities have produced severe environmental contamination in some parts of the world due to the persistence of metals in the environment by their accumulation throughout the food chain. The purpose of this book is to present the most recent advances in this field, mainly concerning the uptake and translocation of heavy metals in plants, mechanisms of toxicity, perception of metal and regulation of cell response under metal stress. Another key feature of this book is related to the studies on signaling and remediation processes in recent years, which have taken advantage of recent technological advances including "omic" approaches. In recent years transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies have become very important tools for analyzing both the dynamics of changes in gene expression and the profiles of protein and metabolites under heavy metal stress. This information is also very useful for plotting the complex signaling and metabolic network induced by heavy metals, in which hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play an important role. Understanding the mechanism involved in sequestration and hyperaccumulation is very important to developing new strategies of phytoremediation, which are reviewed in several chapters of this book. The information included yields very stimulating insights into the mechanism involved in the regulation of plant responses to heavy metals, which in turn improve our knowledge of cell regulation under metal stress and the use of plants for phytoremediation.
FBL Klein-Vogelbach Functional Kinetics praktisch angewandt
by Barbara Suppé Matthias BongartzIn der Buchreihe wird detailliert dargestellt, wie die Übungen und Behandlungstechniken der Functional Kinetics (FBL) an und mit den Patienten angewandt werden können. Diese ,,Gebrauchsanleitung" für die Arbeit mit dem FBL-Instrumentarium gliedert sich jeweils in Untersuchung und problemorientierte Behandlung. Jeder der drei Bände thematisiert einzelne Körperabschnitte, die als funktionelle Einheiten betrachtet und therapiert werden. Band 3 ist den Bewegungsabläufen Gehen, Sitzen und Bücken gewidmet.
Nutzergerechte Entwicklung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen
by Detlef ZühlkeDas Buch gibt Entwicklern einen Leitfaden zur nutzergerechten Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen an die Hand. Dabei werden die besonderen Gestaltungsprobleme von Useware-Systemen für internationale Märkte ebenso behandelt wie die Auswahl von Entwicklungstools, Normen und Richtlinien sowie grundlegende Gestaltungsregeln. Wichtige Neuerungen, etwa die modellbasierte Entwicklung von Benutzungsschnittstellen oder zukünftige Interaktionsformen, werden in der Neuauflage anhand von Gestaltungsbeispielen vorgestellt.
Realitätstreue, Natürlichkeit, Plausibilität
by Clemens Kuhn-RahloffDieses Buch richtet sich an Ingenieure und Forscher im Bereich der Kommunikationsakustik und anderen Gebieten der Wahrnehmungsforschung. Es bewegt sich im interdisziplinären Feld von Kommunikationsakustik, Informationstheorie und Wahrnehmungspsychologie und liefert einen wesentlichen Beitrag zum Verständnis der akustischen Wahrnehmung. Im Zentrum steht dabei der Begriff der Plausibilität als grundlegender Bestandteil kommunikationsakustischer Technik. Um Eigenschaften von Plausibilitätsurteilen bei der akustischen Wahrnehmung zu von Menschen zu erörtern, stellt das Buch ausgewählte top-down-Prozesse der Wahrnehmung in den Vordergrund, die das Urteilsverhalten beeinflussen. Plausibilität wird im Kontext existierender Modelle für perzeptive Messungen dargestellt und die Anforderungen werden diskutiert, die an den Begriff gestellt werden, wenn er im psychoakustischen Sinn als Messgröße aufgefasst wird.
Measuring Roots
by Stefano MancusoRoots represent half of the plant body - and arguably the more interesting half. Despite its obvious importance for the whole plant, until recently our knowledge of the root apparatus was very limited, mostly due to the inadequacy of the techniques available. Recent advances in the visualization and measurement of roots have resulted in significant progress in our understanding of root architecture, growth and behaviour. In this book international experts highlight the most advanced techniques, both lab and field methods, and discuss them in detail. Measuring Roots combines academic and practical aspects of this topic, making it a universal handbook for all researchers and others interested in root-measuring methods.
Particle Accelerators, Colliders, and the Story of High Energy Physics
by Raghavan JayakumarThe Nordic mythological Cosmic Serpent, Ouroboros, is said to be coiled in the depths of the sea, surrounding the Earth with its tail in its mouth. In physics, this snake is a metaphor for the Universe, where the head, symbolizing the largest entity - the Cosmos - is one with the tail, symbolizing the smallest - the fundamental particle. Particle accelerators, colliders and detectors are built by physicists and engineers to uncover the nature of the Universe while discovering its building blocks. "Charming the Cosmic Snake" takes the readers through the science behind these experimental machines: the physics principles that each stage of the development of particle accelerators helped to reveal, and the particles they helped to discover. The book culminates with a description of the Large Hadron Collider, one of the world's largest and most complex machines operating in a 27-km circumference tunnel near Geneva. That collider may prove or disprove many of our basic theories about the nature of matter. The book provides the material honestly without misrepresenting the science for the sake of excitement or glossing over difficult notions. The principles behind each type of accelerator is made accessible to the undergraduate student and even to a lay reader with cartoons, illustrations and metaphors. Simultaneously, the book also caters to different levels of reader's background and provides additional materials for the more interested or diligent reader.
Enabling Responsible Living
by Declan Doyle Ulf Schrader Vera Fricke Victoria W. ThoresenThe book focuses on responsible living as the individual's contribution to sustainable development. We believe that sustainable development can only be achieved if individual freedom and responsibilities are balanced on a high level while taking social, ecological and economic needs into account. A crucial element to achieve this is to integrate different perspectives of stakeholders and co-create a joined approach through partnerships. While partnerships develop new opportunities for the stakeholders involved they also require a readiness for mutual understanding, respect and courage to co-create.
Dwarf Galaxies: Keys to Galaxy Formation and Evolution
by Simone Recchi Polychronis Papaderos Gerhard HenslerDwarf galaxy research constitutes an extremely vibrant field of astrophysical research, with many long-standing questions still unsettled and new ones constantly arising. The intriguing diversity of the dwarf galaxy population, observed with advanced ground-based and space-borne observatories over a wide spectral window providing an unprecedented level of detail, poses new challenges for both observers and theoreticians. The aim of this symposium was to bring together these two groups to exchange ideas and new results on the many evolutionary aspects of and open issues concerning dwarf galaxies. The main topics addressed include: the birth of dwarf galaxies: theoretical concepts and observable relics across wavelengths and time, the morphological, structural and chemical evolution of dwarf galaxies, possible evolutionary connections between early-type and late-type dwarfs, the star formation history of dwarf galaxies and its dependence on intrinsic and environmental properties, the origin and implications of starburst activity in dwarf galaxies, the fate of dwarfish systems born out of tidally ejected matter in galaxy collisions.
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Skin Diseases
by Hans Peter Soyer Giovanni Pellacani Joseph Malvehy Rainer Hofmann-WellenhofThis book focuses on the use and significance of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the skin. All of the chapters in this hands-on guide are generously illustrated with numerous confocal images and structured in a reader-friendly way. The contents include detailed information on the most relevant and up-to-date aspects of RCM, schematic drawings summarizing and explaining the most important RCM criteria, and a chapter specifically devoted to bridging the gap between dermoscopy, RCM, and histopathology. At the end of each chapter, core messages recapitulate the most pertinent aspects. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for Skin Diseases will be a valuable resource for all physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic and inflammatory skin diseases.
Crossroads in Literature and Culture (Second Language Learning and Teaching)
by Jacek Fabiszak Bartosz Wolski Ewa Urbaniak-RybickaThe book contains a selection of papers focusing on the idea of crossing boundaries in literary and cultural texts composed in English. The authors come from different methodological schools and analyse texts coming from different periods and cultures, trying to find common ground (the theme of the volume) between the apparently generically and temporarily varied works and phenomena. In this way, a plethora of perspectives is offered, perspectives which represent a high standard both in terms of theoretical reflection and in-depth analysis of selected texts. Consequently, the volume is addressed to a wide scope of both scholars and students working in the field of English and American literary and cultural studies; furthermore, it will be of interest also to students interested in theoretical issues linked with investigations into literature and culture.
The BCS-BEC Crossover and the Unitary Fermi Gas
by Wilhelm ZwergerRecent experimental and theoretical progress has elucidated the tunable crossover, in ultracold Fermi gases, from BCS-type superconductors to BEC-type superfluids. The BCS-BEC Crossover and the Unitary Fermi Gas is a collaborative effort by leading international experts to provide an up-to-date introduction and a comprehensive overview of current research in this fast-moving field. It is now understood that the unitary regime that lies right in the middle of the crossover has remarkable universal properties, arising from scale invariance, and has connections with fields as diverse as nuclear physics and string theory. This volume will serve as a first point of reference for active researchers in the field, and will benefit the many non-specialists and graduate students who require a self-contained, approachable exposition of the subject matter.
Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
by J.M.P.Q. DelgadoThis book, "Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media", presents a set of new developments in the field of basic and applied research work on the physical and chemical aspects of heat and mass transfer phenomena in a porous medium domain, as well as related material properties and their measurements. The book contents include both theoretical and experimental developments, providing a self-contained major reference that is appealing to both the scientists and the engineers. At the same time, these topics will encounter of a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines, such as chemical, civil, agricultural, mechanical engineering, etc. The book is divided in several chapters that intend to be a short monograph in which the authors summarize the current state of knowledge for benefit of professionals.
Strategic Issues in Air Transport: Legal, Economic and Technical Aspects
by Ruwantissa AbeyratneThere are broadly four strategic issues in aviation: safety; security; environmental protection; and sustainability in air transport. These issues will remain for a long time as key considerations in the safe, regular, efficient and economic development of air transport. Within these four broad categories come numerous subjects that require attention of the aviation industry as well as the States. In six chapters, this book engages in detailed discussions on these subjects as they unravelled in events of recent years. The issue of safety is addressed first, following an introduction of the regulatory regime covering the four issues. Within the area of safety, the book covers such areas as safety management systems, safety and aeromedicine, safety and meteorology, the use of airspace, unmanned aircraft systems and safety oversight audits. In the security area, subjects covered include cyber terrorism, the integrity of travel documents, full body scanners, civil unrest and aviation, the suppression of unlawful acts on board aircraft and the financing of terrorism. The chapter on the environment focuses mainly on climate change - particularly on carbon credits, market based measures, the carbon market and emissions trading schemes and their effect on air transport. Finally, the chapter on sustainability discusses in detail market access along with such issues as slot allocation, open skies, the use of alternative fuels as an economic measure and corporate foresight. The concluding chapter wraps up with a discussion on where air transport is headed.
Biofunctionalization of Polymers and their Applications: Biofunctionalization Of Polymers And Their Applications (Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology #125)
by Georg Gübitz Gibson Stephen Nyanhongo Walter SteinerChitin, Chitosan and Derivatives for Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering, by Antonio Francesko and Tzanko Tzanov Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and their Applications, by Guo-Qiang Chen.- Enzymatic Polymer Functionalisation: Advances in Laccase and Peroxidase Derived Lignocellulose Functional Polymers, by Gibson S. Nyanhongo, Tukayi Kudanga, Endry Nugroho Prasetyo and Georg M. Guebitz.- Lipases in Polymer Chemistry, by Bahar Yeniad, Hemantkumar Naik and Andreas Heise.- Enzymes for the Biofunctionalization of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate), by Wolfgang Zimmermann and Susan Billig.- Biology of Human Hair: Know Your Hair to Control It, by Rita Araújo, Margarida Fernandes, Artur Cavaco-Paulo and Andreia Gomes.- Recombinamers: Combining Molecular Complexity with Diverse Bioactivities for Advanced Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications, by José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello, María Pierna, Alicia Fernández-Colino, Carmen García-Arévalo and Francisco Javier Arias.- Biomimetic Materials for Medical Application Through Enzymatic Modification, by Piergiorgio Gentile, Valeria Chiono, Chiara Tonda-Turo, Susanna Sartori and Gianluca Ciardelli.- Supramolecular Polymers Based on Cyclodextrins for Drug and Gene Carrier Delivery, by Jia Jing Li, Feng Zhao and Jun Li.- Engineering Liposomes and Nanoparticles for Biological Targeting, by Rasmus I. Jølck, Lise N. Feldborg, Simon Andersen, S. Moein Moghimi and Thomas L. Andresen.-
Econometrics of Financial High-Frequency Data
by Nikolaus HautschThe availability of financial data recorded on high-frequency level has inspired a research area which over the last decade emerged to a major area in econometrics and statistics. The growing popularity of high-frequency econometrics is driven by technological progress in trading systems and an increasing importance of intraday trading, liquidity risk, optimal order placement as well as high-frequency volatility. This book provides a state-of-the art overview on the major approaches in high-frequency econometrics, including univariate and multivariate autoregressive conditional mean approaches for different types of high-frequency variables, intensity-based approaches for financial point processes and dynamic factor models. It discusses implementation details, provides insights into properties of high-frequency data as well as institutional settings and presents applications to volatility and liquidity estimation, order book modelling and market microstructure analysis.