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Matrix Proteases in Health and Disease
by Niels BehrendtPresenting a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted field of proteases in the extracellular matrix environment, this reference focuses on the recently elucidated functions of complex proteolytic systems in physiological and pathological tissue remodeling. The proteases treated include both serine proteases such as plasminogen activators and TTSPs, metalloproteases such as MMPs and ADAMS and cysteine protease cathepsins. The text specifically addresses the role of extracellular proteases in cancer cell invasion, stroke and infectious diseases, describing the basic biochemistry behind these disease states, as well as therapeutic strategies based on protease inhibition. With its trans-disciplinary scope, this reference bridges the gap between fundamental research and biomedical and pharmaceutical application, making this required reading for basic and applied scientists in the molecular life sciences.
Preparative Chromatography
by Michael Schulte H. Schmidt-Traub Andreas Seidel-MorgensternCompletely revised and substantially extended to reflect the developments in this fast-changing field. It retains the interdisciplinary approachthat elegantly combines the chemistry and engineering involved to describe the conception and improvement of chromatographic processes.It also covers recent advances in preparative chromatographic processes for the separation of "smaller" molecules using standardlaboratory equipment as well as the detailed conception of industrial chemical plants. The increase in biopharmaceutical substances isreflected by new and revised chapters on different modifications of continuous chromatography as well as ion-exchange chromatography andother separation principles widely used in biochromatography.Following an introductory section on the history of chromatography, the current state of research and the design of chromatographic processes, the book goes on to define the general terminology. There then follow sections on stationary phases, selection of chromatographicsystems and process concepts. A completely new chapter deals with engineering and operation of chromatographic equipment. Final chapters on modeling and determination of model parameters as well as model based design, optimization and control of preparative chromatographic processes allow for optimal selection of chromatographic processes.Essential for chemists and chemical engineers in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
Preparative Chromatography
by Henner Schmidt-Traub, Michael Schulte, and Andreas Seidel-MorgensternCompletely revised and substantially extended to reflect the developments in this fast-changing field. It retains the interdisciplinary approach that elegantly combines the chemistry and engineering involved to describe the conception and improvement of chromatographic processes. It also covers recent advances in preparative chromatographic processes for the separation of "smaller" molecules using standard laboratory equipment as well as the detailed conception of industrial chemical plants. The increase in biopharmaceutical substances is reflected by new and revised chapters on different modifications of continuous chromatography as well as ion-exchange chromatography and other separation principles widely used in biochromatography. Following an introductory section on the history of chromatography, the current state of research and the design of chromatographic processes, the book goes on to define the general terminology. There then follow sections on stationary phases, selection of chromatographic systems and process concepts. A completely new chapter deals with engineering and operation of chromatographic equipment. Final chapters on modeling and determination of model parameters as well as model based design, optimization and control of preparative chromatographic processes allow for optimal selection of chromatographic processes. Essential for chemists and chemical engineers in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
Encyclopedia of Nuclear Physics and its Applications (Encyclopedia of Applied Physics)
by Reinhard StockThis book fills the need for a coherent work combining carefully reviewed articles into a comprehensive overview accessible to research groups and lecturers. Next to fundamental physics, contributions on topical medical and material science issues are included.
One-Dimensional Superconductivity in Nanowires
by Fabio Altomare Albert M. ChangThe book introduces scientists and graduate students to superconductivity, and highlights the differences arising from the different dimensionality of the sample under study.<P><P> It focuses on transport in one-dimensional superconductors, describing relevant theories with particular emphasis on experimental results. It closely relates these results to the emergence of various novel fabrication techniques. The book closes by discussing future perspectives, and the connection and relevance to other physical systems, including superfluidity, Bose-Einstein condensates, and possibly cosmic strings.
Nitride Semiconductor Devices
by Hadis MorkoçThis book gives a clear presentation of the necessary basics of semiconductor and device physics and engineering. It introduces readers to fundamental issues that will enable them to follow the latest technological research. It also covers important applications, including LED and lighting, semiconductor lasers, high power switching devices, and detectors. This balanced and up-to-date treatment makes the text an essential educational tool for both advanced students and professionals in the electronics industry.
Optical Devices in Ophthalmology and Optometry: Technology, Design Principles and Clinical Applications
by Michael Kaschke Karl-Heinz Donnerhacke Michael Stefan RillMedical technology is a fast growing field. This new title gives a comprehensive review of modern optical technologies alongside their clinical deployment. It bridges the technology and clinical domains and will be suitable in both technical and clinical environments. It introduces and develops basic physical methods (in optics, photonics, and metrology) and their applications in the design of optical systems for use in medical technology with a special focus on ophthalmology. Medical applications described in detail demonstrate the advantage of utilizing optical-photonic methods. Exercises and solutions for each chapter help understand and apply basic principles and methods. An associated website run by the authors will include slides to facilitate the teaching/training of this material, and typical images collected by the described methods, eg videos of endoscopy or navigation, OCT, etc.
Magnetic Processes in Astrophysics
by Leonid L. Kitchatinov Günther Rüdiger Rainer HollerbachIn this work the authors draw upon their expertise in geophysical and astrophysical MHD to explore the motion of electrically conducting fluids, the so-called dynamo effect, and describe the similarities and differences between different magnetized objects. They also explain why magnetic fields are crucial to the formation of the stars, and discuss promising experiments currently being designed to investigate some of the relevant physics in the laboratory. This interdisciplinary approach will appeal to a wide audience in physics, astrophysics and geophysics. This second edition covers such additional topics as small-scale dynamos, while also presenting the latest results and experiments.
Elementary Particle Physics
by Yorikiyo NagashimaThis second volume of Elementary Particle Physics, "Foundations of the Standard Model", concentrates on the main aspects of the Standard Model by addressing developments from its establishments to recent progress and some future prospects. Two subjects are clearly separated which cover dynamics of the electroweak and strong interactions, but basso continuo throughout the book is a bridge between theory and experiments. All the basic formulas are derived from the first principle, and corrections to meet the experimental accuracy are explained. This volume is a logical step up from volume I but can also be considered and used as an independent monograph for high energy and theoretical physicists, as well as astronomers, graduate students and lecturers in physics.
Polymer Composites with Carbonaceous Nanofillers
by Sie Chin TjongWritten by an expert in the field of nanomaterials, composites, and polymers, this book provides up-to-date information on recent advances in various aspects of polymer composites reinforced by carbonaceous nanofillers, including their fabrication and their electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. It also extensively covers applications of these nanocomposites in fuel cells, sensors, electromagnetic interference shielding, human implants and scaffolds.
Semiconducting Polymer Composites
by Xiaoniu YangPolymer composites made functional and customizable: new materials for real-life applications The academic and industrial interest in semiconducting polymer composites is rising, owing to the unique combination of easy and low-cost processability and versatility of these materialsThis comprehensive book provides broad coverage addressing the principles of semiconducting polymer blends such as morphology, energetics and processing as well as the wide range of applications in optics, electronics and optoelectronics.Fostering interdisciplinary research, the book combines the fields of polymer composites and functional polymers, allowing for cross-fertilization between these two scientific communities.
Fiber Lasers
by Oleg G. OkhotnikovA comprehensive account of the latest developments and applications in this rapidly developing field, covering a wide range of topics, such as power scaling and short pulse generation, dispersion management and modeling, broadband supercontinuum generation and wavelength tailoring.The book brings together contributions from the world's leading experts at major collaborative research centers throughout Europe, Australia, Russia and the USA. Each chapter presents a tutorial style introduction to the selected topic suitable for scientists, researchers and experts, as well as graduate and postgraduate students with a basic background in optics.
Optical Engineering of Diamond
by James Rabeau Rich MildrenThis is the first comprehensive book on the engineering of diamond optical devices. Written by 39 experts in the field, it gives readers an up-to-date review of the properties of optical quality synthetic diamond (single crystal and nanodiamond) and the nascent field of diamond optical device engineering. Application areas covered in detail in this book include quantum information processing, high performance lasers and light sources, and bioimaging. It provides scientists, engineers and physicists with a valuable and practical resource for the design and development of diamond-based optical devices.
Physik des Segelns: Wie Segeln wirklich funktioniert
by Wolfgang PüschlEine Einführung in die physikalischen Grundlagen des Segelsports für die an Naturwissenschaften interessierten Segler, die schon immer wissen wollten, wie Segeln tatsächlich funktioniert. »Physik des Segelns« führt zunächst in die einfachen Grundsätze und Bedingungen des Segelns ein, wie beispielsweise das Kräftegleichgewicht während der Fahrt. Anschließend wird aus den Eigenschaften von Luft und Wasser und den dynamischen Grundgleichungen das Entstehen dieser Kräfte dargelegt. Das Buch räumt mit verbreiteten falschen Vorstellungen auf und schreitet systematisch von der Betrachtung zweidimensionaler Phänomene zu dreidimensionalen Phänomenen voran. Von Erscheinungen innerhalb der Medien Luft und Wasser geht es weiter zu den Erscheinungen an ihrer Grenzfl äche, den Schwerewellen des Wassers und dem damit verbundenen Widerstand. Mit der Kenntnis aller Beiträge zur Vortriebsleistung wird erläutert, wie sie aufeinander abgestimmt werden müssen, um ein optimales Segeltempo zu erreichen. Abschließend werden zeitlich veränderliche Phänomene wie Manöver und das Arbeiten des Bootes im Seegang betrachtet, und die Materialfestigkeit von Takelage und Rumpf diskutiert.
Optical Imaging and Metrology: Advanced Technologies
by Nadya Reingand Prof. Dr. Wolfgang OstenA comprehensive review of the state of the art and advances in the field, while also outlining the future potential and development trends of optical imaging and optical metrology, an area of fast growth with numerous applications in nanotechnology and nanophysics. Written by the world's leading experts in the field, it fills the gap in the current literature by bridging the fields of optical imaging and metrology, and is the only up-to-date resource in terms of fundamental knowledge, basic concepts, methodologies, applications, and development trends.
Strahlen und Gesundheit: Nutzen und Risiken
by Jürgen KieferStrahlen und Gesundheit beschreibt in allgemein verständlicher Form sowohl die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten der Strahlenanwendung als auch die Gefahren für die menschliche Gesundheit. Dabei werden die Erkenntnisse von medizinischer Technik, Strahlenbiologie und -medizin und Strahlenepidemiologie berücksichtigt, ohne sich zu sehr in wissenschaftlichen Details zu verlieren. In einem eher wissenschaftlich orientierten zweiten Teil werden die Grundlagen ausführlicher erläutert und Verweise auf die aktuelle Literatur gegeben. Die Behandlung erstreckt sich nicht nur auf ionisierende Strahlungen wie Röntgen- und Gammastrahlen, sondern auch auf das Ultraviolett und die Anwendungen in der Mobilkommunikation. Ein spezielles Kapitel widmet sich der Strahlung in der Umwelt.
What is What in the Nanoworld
by Victor E. Borisenko Stefano OssiciniThe third, partly revised and enlarged edition of this introductory reference summarizes the terms and definitions, most important phenomena, and regulations occurring in the physics, chemistry, technology, and application of nanostructures. A representative collection of fundamental terms and definitions from quantum physics and chemistry, special mathematics, organic and inorganic chemistry, solid state physics, material science and technology accompanies recommended secondary sources for an extended study of any given subject.Each of the more than 2,200 entries, from a few sentences to a page in length, interprets the term or definition in question and briefly presents the main features of the phenomena behind it. Additional information in the form of notes ("First described in", "Recognition", "More details in") supplements the entries and gives a historical perspective of the subject with reference to further sources.Ideal for answering questions related to unknown terms and definitions among undergraduate and PhD students studying the physics of low-dimensional structures, nanoelectronics, and nanotechnology.
Industrial Organic Pigments: Production, Crystal Structures, Properties, Applications
by Klaus Hunger Martin U. SchmidtRevised and updated, this highly acclaimed work, now in its fourth edition, remains the most comprehensive source of information available on organic pigments. It provides up-to-date information on synthesis, reaction mechanism, physical and chemical properties, test methods, and applications of all the industrially produced organic pigments available on the world market. This fourth edition now includes new chapters on the latest applications and three-dimensional X-ray analysis, while the chapters on legislation, ecology, and toxicology have been rewritten to reflect recent developments. Sets the international standard for information on the synthesis, reaction mechanisms, properties, relevant test methods, and applications of organic pigments Contains all industrially produced pigments of the world market, even those which can no longer be found in producers’ catalogs are described Standardized methods allow test results to be compared throughout the book The reader is given useful hints as to which pigment is best for a given application Clearly structured and concise text with up-to-date references to the pertinent literature Ecological and toxicological properties of organic pigments are outlined Appendix offers invaluable flow diagrams on the manufacture of numerous pigments, a table of all described pigments with information about their C.I. and CAS registration, and an in-depth subject index
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
by Árpád MolnárThis handbook and ready reference brings together all significant issues of practical importance in selected topics discussing recent significant achievements for interested readers in one single volume. While covering homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, the text is unique in focusing on such important aspects as using different reaction media, microwave techniques or catalyst recycling. It also provides a comprehensive treatment of key issues of modern-day coupling reactions having emerged and matured in recent years and emphasizes those topics that show potential for future development, such as continuous flow systems, water as a reaction medium, and catalyst immobilization, among others.With its inclusion of large-scale applications in the pharmaceutical industry, this will equally be of great interest to industrial chemists.From the contents* Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions - A General Introduction* High-turnover Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts in Coupling Reactions: the Case of Pd Loaded on Dealuminated Y Zeolites Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions with Magnetically Separable Nanocatalysts* The Use of Ordered Porous Solids as Support Materials in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions* Coupling Reactions Induced by Polymer-Supported Catalysts* Coupling Reactions in Ionic Liquids* Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media* Microwave-Assisted Synthesis in C-C and C-Heteroatom Coupling Reactions* Catalyst Recycling in Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions* Nature of the True Catalytic Species in Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions with* Heterogeneous Palladium Precatalysts* Coupling Reactions in Continuous Flow Systems* Large-Scale Applications of Palladium-Catalyzed Couplings in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Photoinitiators for Polymer Synthesis
by Jacques Lalevée J. P. FouassierPhotoinitiating systems for polymerization reactions are largely encountered in a variety of traditional and high-tech sectors, such as radiation curing, (laser) imaging, (micro)electronics, optics, and medicine.This book extensively covers radical and nonradical photoinitiating systems and is divided into four parts:* Basic principles in photopolymerization reactions* Radical photoinitiating systems* Nonradical photoinitiating systems* Reactivity of the photoinitiating systemThe four parts present the basic concepts of photopolymerization reactions, review all of the available photoinitiating systems and deliver athorough description of the encountered mechanisms. A large amount of experimental and theoretical data has been collected herein. Thisbook allows the reader to gain a clear understanding by providing a general discussion of the photochemistry and chemistry involved.The most recent and exciting developments, as well as the promising prospects for new applications, are outlined.
Protein-Protein Interactions in Drug Discovery
by Raimund Mannhold Gerd Folkers Hugo Kubinyi Alexander DömlingTreating protein-protein interactions as a novel and highly promising class of drug targets, this volume introduces the underlying strategies step by step, from the biology of PPIs to biophysical and computational methods for their investigation. The main part of the book describes examples of protein targets for which small molecule modulators have been developed, covering such diverse fields as cancer, autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases. Tailor-made for the practicing medicinal chemist, this ready reference includes a wide selection of case studies taken straight from the development pipeline of major pharmaceutical companies to illustrate the power and potential of this approach.From the contents:* Prediction of intra- and inter-species protein-protein interactions facilitating systems biology studies* Modulators of protein-protein interactions: The importance of Three-Dimensionality* Interactive technologies for leveraging the known chemistry of anchor residues * SH3 Domains as Drug Targets* P53 MDM2 Antagonists: Towards Non Genotoxic Anticancer Treatments* Inhibition of LFA-1/ICAM interaction for treatment of autoimmune diseases* The PIF-binding pocket of AGC kinases* Peptidic inhibitors of protein-protein interactions for cell adhesion receptors* The REPLACE Strategy for generating Non-ATP competitive Inhibitors of Cell-Cycle Protein Kinasesand more
Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Graphene and Carbon Materials
by Klaus Müllen Markus AntoniettiThis ready reference and handbook is unique in its focus on synthesis and the application of graphene and other carbon materials with an emphasis on chemistry aspects. To this extent, it deals with top-down and bottom-up approaches across the different length scales for graphene from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to graphene nanoribbons and graphene sheets, as well as carbon materials from quantum dots, nanostructured particles, and fibers, right up to tubes, bulk structures, and much more besides. In so doing, it presents the best synthetic methods: pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, templating and surface-mediated synthesis, self-assembly, surface-grafting and modification. Edited by two excellent, experienced and highly renowned editors, both of whom are directors of Max Planck Institutes.
Microwaves in Nanoparticle Synthesis
by Nick Serpone Satoshi HorikoshiFor the first time, this comprehensive handbook presents the emerging field of microwave technology for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Divided into three parts--fundamentals, methods, and applications--it covers topics including microwave theory, scale-up, microwave plasma synthesis, characterization, and more. This offers both an important volume for academic researchers, and a resource for those in industry exploring the applications of nanoparticles in semiconductors, electronics, catalysis, sensors, and more.
Soft Fibrillar Materials
by Xiang Yang Liu Jing Liang LiAs one of the most important classes of soft materials, supramolecular materials are of a mixture of networks of molecular chains/fibrils and a liquid. These self-assembled fibrous/ molecular architectures exhibit various functionalities, ie. superhydrophobicity or superior mechanical strength, etc. and consist of the controllable structures. They can be functioned via micro/nano engineering, to have some particular added functions, ie. emission materials, tissue engineering scaffolds, bio imaging and sensing materials etc. They have therefore found broad applications in photography, cosmetics, food and petroleum industries and not the least in the biomedical sector where there is strong interest in these materials as drug delivery agents.The book covers the most important soft functional materials, including small molecule physical gels, silkworm silk and spider silk fibers and functional fibers, with respect both to the fundamentals and to development and engineering methods. It provides the reader with the necessary knowledge on the chemical and physical formation mechanisms of these materials and demonstrates that one can rationally design and tune the fibrillar networks so that the resulting materials exhibit the desired functionalities.This work is a must-have for all Materials Scientists, Polymer Chemists, Condensed Matter Physicists, and Biotechnologists working in this interdisciplinary field.
The Plasma Chemistry of Polymer Surfaces: Advanced Techniques for Surface Design
by Jörg FriedrichMore than 99% of all visible matter in the universe occurs as highly ionized gas plasma with high energy content. Electrical low- and atmospheric-pressure plasmas are characterized by continuous source of moderate quantities of energy or enthalpy transferred predominantly as kinetic energy of electrons. Therefore, such energetically unbalanced plasmas have low gas temperature but produce sufficient energy for inelastic collisions with atoms and molecules in the gas phase, thus producing reactive species and photons, which are able to initiate all types of polymerizations or activate any surface of low reactive polymers. However, the broadly distributed energies in the plasma exceed partially the binding energies in polymers, thus initiating very often unselective reactions and polymer degradation. The intention of this book is to present new plasma processes and new plasma reactions of high selectivity and high yield. This book aims to bridge classical and plasma chemistry, particularly focusing on polymer chemistry in the bulk and on the surface under plasma exposure. The stability of surface functionalization and the qualitative and quantitative measurement of functional groups at polymer surface are featured prominently, and chemical pathways for suppressing the undesirable side effects of plasma exposure are proposed and illustrated with numerous examples. Special attention is paid to the smooth transition from inanimate polymer surfaces to modified bioactive polymer surfaces. A wide range of techniques, plasma types and applications are demonstrated.