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Automated Applications for Infrastructure Owner-Operator Fleets
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Theresa Litteral Omar Smadi Maroa Mumtarin Shauna HallmarkInfrastructure owner-operators (IOOs) in the transportation industry, public utilities, and emergency services are examining how autonomous vehicles (AVs) and automated technologies may be used to help alleviate workforce shortfalls. Significant benefits may be derived from the automation of several manually performed tasks. For instance, the use of autonomous fleets may increase staff productivity by allowing IOOs to direct staff resources to other tasks or new jobs, reduce exposure to unsafe job functions, or provide an opportunity for staff to develop new skills. NCHRP Research Report 1119: Automated Applications for Infrastructure Owner—Operator Fleets, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides the current status of and barriers to the implementation and application of AVs and other automated technologies that may potentially supplement or replace IOO fleets. The report is part of the same project as NCHRP Research Report 1084: Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Technology: Determining the Impact on State DOT Maintenance Programs.
On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Guide
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program James Lenhart Lynn Katz Michael Barrett Maral Razmand Jack Lisin Ariel Mosbrucker Aaron PoreskyStormwater treatment of bridge deck runoff continues to be a design challenge. There is a growing need to develop more options for on-bridge treatment of stormwater that will address challenges, including, but not limited to, level of service, structural integrity, hydraulic function, litter and sediment loads, freeze-thaw cycles, maintenance operations, and work zone safety. NCHRP Research Report 1117: On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Guide, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, presents a guide for determining the feasibility of on-bridge stormwater treatments for bridges and what design, construction, and operation and maintenance approaches are necessary to mitigate risks and balance costs with environmental protection. Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 401: Developing a Guide for On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices, a conduct of research report summarizing the work that went into the development of the guide.
Developing a Guide for On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program James Lenhart Lynn Katz Michael Barrett Maral Razmand Jack Lisin Ariel Mosbrucker Aaron PoreskyWhile there has been extensive research and development of stormwater best management practices, there has been little focus on designs specific to the on-bridge environment. NCHRP Web-Only Document 401: Developing a Guide for On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1117: On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Guide and summarizes the conduct of research.
Calibration and Development of State-DOT-Specific Safety Performance Functions
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program Eric T. Donnell Jakob C. Wiegand Vikash V. GayahRoadway safety management is a multi-step process that begins with screening a roadway network for sites with potential for safety improvement. Subsequent steps in the process include diagnosing safety problems at candidate sites, identifying countermeasures for implementation, conducting an economic appraisal of the countermeasures, prioritizing sites for safety improvement, and evaluating the safety effectiveness of countermeasure implementation. NCHRP Synthesis 634: Calibration and Development of State-DOT-Specific Safety Performance Functions, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents state departments of transportation practice on calibration factors and the development of jurisdiction-specific safety-performance functions.
Transit Traction Power Cables: Replacement Guidelines
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board Transit Cooperative Research Program Kasim A. KorkmazMany transit agencies’ conductor insulation systems used for traction power cables and lower voltage power distribution and signal communication systems typically have a 30-year lifespan, and many of these systems are at that age or older. TCRP Research Report 246: Transit Traction Power Cables: Replacement Guidelines, from TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program, presents current practices for assessing insulation aging and replacement of cables before failure, including approaches used in transit systems for which there are no monitoring programs or testing systems. Supplemental to the report are TCRP Web-Only Document 77: Developing a Guide for Transit Traction Power Cables and a PowerPoint presentation.
Developing a Guide for Transit Traction Power Cables
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board Transit Cooperative Research Program Kasim A. KorkmazThe transit industry in the United States uses insulated cables for traction power supply and negative return cables between traction power substations, tie switches, and points of delivery to the vehicles, whether a third (contact) rail or an overhead contact system. TCRP Web-Only Document 77: Developing a Guide for Transit Traction Power Cables, from TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program, develops guidelines to determine when to replace transit system cables. The document is supplemental to TCRP Research Report 246: Transit Traction Power Cables: Replacement Guidelines.
Health Disparities in the Medical Record and Disability Determinations: Proceedings of a Workshop
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Health and Medicine Division Board on Health Care ServicesPeople with disabilities can be any age, face chronic health conditions or mental illness, be racial or ethnic minorities, experience low income or housing insecurity, have limited English proficiency, or a combination of many of these conditions. To better understand the effect of health inequities and the manner in which they affect Social Security Administration's (SSA) disability programs, the National Academies hosted a public workshop in April 2024 that examined the variety of different experiences of individuals with disabilities and the consequences of those experiences on an individual's health status, medical record, and SSA disability determinations.
Data Collection Practices for Use with In-Service Performance Evaluations
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program Ethan M. Ray Christine E. CarriganCrash test evaluations of roadside hardware have long been recognized as an initial assessment of hardware performance. The proper installation and maintenance of roadside hardware allows for the hardware to perform as designed and evaluated when impacted within the performance limits of the hardware. NCHRP Web-Only Document 407: Data Collection Practices for Use with In-Service Performance Evaluations, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, develops a transportation agency data collection methodology and associated guidelines to support individual investigative in-service performance evaluations (ISPEs), ISPE Programs, and asset management of roadside safety hardware. Supplemental to the document are an ISPE Manual (Appendix A) and an implementation plan.
Essential Health Care Services Related to Anxiety and Mood Disorders in Women: Proceedings Of A Workshop
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Health and Medicine Division Board on Health Care Services Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use DisordersAt the request of the Health Resources and Services Administration, the National Academies Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders hosted a public workshop in April 2024 to explore mental health care services related to anxiety and mood disorders in women. Speakers provided evidence to identify, define, and prepare strategies for the provision of essential health care services for women experiencing anxiety and mood disorders. Presentations also described health disparities, healthcare finances, and policies related to the quality and access of mental healthcare services available for women.
Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Health and Medicine Division Board on Health Care Services Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice Board on Health Sciences Policy Committee on the Use of Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical ResearchIn 2023, the National Academies convened an expert committee to assess the current use of racial and ethnic categories in biomedical research, review existing guidance for researchers, and provide new guidance for future use. The resulting 2024 report, Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research, outlines nine actionable recommendations and associated resources for advancing the responsible use of race and ethnicity. The recommendations of Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research address how to: decide whether to use race and ethnicity in different research contexts; characterize and disclose limitations of datasets that include racial and ethnic information; identify factors to investigate instead of or alongside race and ethnicity; include overlooked populations in analysis; and support sustained community engagement.
Integrating Crisis Management and Business Continuity at Airports: A Practical Guide
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board Airport Cooperative Research Program Christina Coverdell Rose Agnew Sue Warner-Bean Wil MacMillan David DiMaria Karen Scott Brittany Giles-Jones Anne Armstrong Paola Villegas Gisele Lee Ashley Saulcy Patrick Van HorneAlthough continuity has historically been viewed as part of the recovery phase of a crisis incident rather than a critical element of crisis response, there is an opportunity to reframe the role for continuity planning to claim it as a tool for constant adaptability to the world's many disruptions. ACRP Research Report 268: Integrating Crisis Management and Business Continuity at Airports: A Practical Guide, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, provides concepts, tools, and resources to build critical thinking skills and adaptability so that airports are prepared for anticipated and unforeseen crises that threaten to disrupt operations. It sets a path for building continuity leaders at every level of an airport by equipping them with a working knowledge of continuity through activities anchored in the essential elements of a practical program.
Incorporating Environmental Justice and Equity Principles: A Toolkit for Airports
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board Airport Cooperative Research Program Destiny N. Thomas Amber Woodburn McNair Julia NagyACRP Research Report 265: Incorporating Environmental Justice and Equity Principles: A Toolkit for Airports, from TRB’s Airport Research Cooperative Program, provides resources for airport practitioners to review and amend their decision-making and planning processes using an equity lens. It is designed to enable airports to assess and respond to inequitable outcomes for the betterment of airport passengers, airport workforce, and airport-adjacent communities whose environments are affected by airport planning, development, and operations. Supplemental to the report are ACRP Web-Only Document 60: Structural Racism and Inequity in the U.S. Aviation Industry: Foundations and Implications, an appendix of browser-based tools to assist airport practitioners, and case studies with examples of equity-centered decision-making.
Structural Racism and Inequity in the U.S. Aviation Industry: Foundations and Implications
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board Airport Cooperative Research Program Sara Kaplan Julia Nagy Imani Mitchell-Wyatt Destiny N. Thomas Jason Reece Amber Woodburn McNairTo adequately incorporate environmental justice, equity principles, and data into airport decision-making processes, it is critical for practitioners to understand the historical context of current conditions. ACRP Web-Only Document 60: Structural Racism and Inequity in the U.S. Aviation Industry: Foundations and Implications, from TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program, provides evidence that the structural origins of inequity, as experienced in the United States, can be traced back to group-based othering, settler colonialism, economic systems of racial capitalism, and systemic oppression. The document is a supplement to ACRP Research Report 265: Incorporating Environmental Justice and Equity Principles: A Toolkit for Airports.
Airport Practices for Onboarding a New Passenger Airline
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board Airport Cooperative Research Program C. Daniel PratherAfter new airline service has been acquired, preparing for the airline to launch service requires advance planning and coordination between the airport and new airline. Onboarding a new airline involves multiple people and/or departments at the airport. ACRP Synthesis 134: Airport Practices for Onboarding a New Passenger Airline, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, describes airport practices and approaches as to how airport staff prepare to onboard a new passenger airline.
Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Networks
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program Gwyn Kash Felipe Aros-Vera Jeannie Beckett Mark Berndt Mihir Thakar Frank Broen Sarah Preisler Gabrielle Westcott Mary Katherine Duncan Stephen Fleck Justin Peng Vincent Matheney Chandra Khare David Proffitt Jeffrey Harris Chandler DuncanTransportation agencies have been presented with increased disruptions to supply chains and other transportation networks caused by naturally occurring and other unanticipated events, such as extreme weather events and the COVID-19 pandemic. These disruptions can substantially affect the resilience of the supply chain against unanticipated disruptions and ultimately affect the economic vitality of the industries and communities involved. NCHRP Research Report 1118: Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Networks, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides a guide for state departments of transportation and other transportation agencies seeking to define and strategically integrate resilience into transportation networks and network planning. Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 391: Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 1: Resilience Case Studies and NCHRP Web-Only Document 391: Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques, an Executive Summary, Presentation Slides, a Resilience Brochure, an Implementation Plan, and a Video.
Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 1: Resilience Case Studies
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program Gwyn Kash Felipe Aros-Vera Jeannie Beckett Mark Berndt Mihir Thakar Frank Broen Sarah Preisler Gabrielle Westcott Mary Katherine Duncan Stephen Fleck Justin Peng Vincent Matheney Chandra Khare David Proffitt Jeffrey Harris Chandler DuncanIncreasing the resilience of transportation networks affects transportation operations and many other networks and systems. For example, the transportation network is the backbone of supply chains that produce, transport, and deliver critical products. NCHRP Web-Only Document 391: Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 1: Resilience Case Studies, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, highlights frameworks, tools, methods, and data needs. NCHRP Web-Only Document 391: Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques, summarizes tools for assessing the resilience of physical infrastructure as well as institutional arrangements for supporting resilience. A companion publication is NCHRP Research Report 1118: Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Networks, which provides a guide for state departments of transportation and other transportation agencies seeking to define and strategically integrate resilience into transportation networks and network planning.
Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program Gwyn Kash Felipe Aros-Vera Jeannie Beckett Mark Berndt Mihir Thakar Frank Broen Sarah Preisler Gabrielle Westcott Mary Katherine Duncan Stephen Fleck Justin Peng Vincent Matheney Chandra Khare David Proffitt Jeffrey Harris Chandler DuncanSeveral tools have been developed to assess the resilience of transportation networks. NCHRP Web-Only Document 391: Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 2: Network Resilience Toolkit and Techniques, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, summarizes tools for assessing the resilience of physical infrastructure as well as institutional arrangements for supporting resilience. NCHRP Web-Only Document 391: Resilience in Transportation Networks, Volume 1: Resilience Case Studies, highlights frameworks, tools, methods, and data needs. A companion publication is NCHRP Research Report 1118: Incorporating Resilience into Transportation Networks, which provides a guide for state departments of transportation and other transportation agencies seeking to define and strategically integrate resilience into transportation networks and network planning.
Transit Agency Goals and Non-Traditional Performance Indicators Focused on Equity
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board Transit Cooperative Research Program Nishita Sinha Jarrod Butts Todd Hansen Zachary ElgartHistorically, ridership has been the primary way transit agencies have communicated their success and public value in making connections for community. Several transit agencies have shifted services and enhanced performance tracking in recent years in ways that relate to the inequities tied to race, ethnicity, national origin, physical ability, income, age, or gender. TCRP Synthesis 176: Transit Agency Goals and Non-Traditional Performance Indicators Focused on Equity from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, documents the current practice of transit systems using non-traditional indicators to measure and improve equity as it relates to service planning and the customer experience.
Developing a Strategy to Evaluate the National Climate Assessment
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education Division on Earth and Life Studies Committee on National Statistics Board on Environmental Change and Society Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Committee to Develop a Strategy to Evaluate the National Climate AssessmentThe National Climate Assessment (NCA) is a report produced periodically by the United States Global Change Research Program that takes a comprehensive look at global climate change. Before release, it undergoes intensive review for technical accuracy. What has not been studied in-depth are the users and uses of the NCA, and how the report has informed decision-making. To support evaluation of stakeholder use of the NCA, the National Academies prepared a strategy for creating and implementing an evaluation design that can inform ongoing and future NCAs and related products. This can support a process of continuous improvement. The NCA serves a large number of audiences, and they vary in their needs and in access to climate information. An evaluation would benefit from understanding how the audiences for the NCA are interconnected through networks and how they use, modify, and transmit information from the report. The evaluation would also benefit by first creating a logic model to describe how the NCA is hypothesized to achieve its intended outcomes. The logic model can then be used to design a set of overarching evaluation questions, and to prioritize which audiences to target in the evaluation. Different research methods will be appropriate depending on the audience and the level of information available about the audience. Such an evaluation, taken in stages, can reveal the impact of federal climate science on decisions across the nation and help the USGCRP address any gaps and frailties in the NCA and related products and how they are communicated in the future.
Asset Information Handover Guidelines from Planning and Construction to Operations and Maintenance
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board Airport Cooperative Research Program Joe Mahaz Ellen Kay CrewsThe transition of asset information from the planning, design, and construction stages to the operations and maintenance (O&M) stage can be challenging. A successful asset information handover process will lead to informed O&M planning decisions, which may result in positive financial and functional impacts for O&M departments. ACRP Research Report 264: Asset Information Handover Guidelines from Planning and Construction to Operations and Maintenance, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, presents guidelines for airport operators on establishing an asset information handover process during construction project closeout.
Guide on Methods for Assigning Counts to Adjustment Factor Groups
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program Elizabeth Stolz Ben Chen Mark Hallenbeck Anik Das Shawn Turner Zihang Wei Paul Anderson Ioannis TsapakisAnnual average daily traffic (AADT), which represents traffic on a typical day of the year, is used by transportation agencies for reporting requirements, allocating resources, informing decision-making, and supporting various agency functions. NCHRP Research Report 1124: Guide on Methods for Assigning Counts to Adjustment Factor Groups, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides information and guidance on the methods for assigning counts to adjustment factor groups used in estimating AADT. Supplemental to the report is NCHRP Web-Only Document 406: Methods for Assigning Short-Duration Traffic Volume Counts to Adjustment Factor Groups to Estimate AADT.
Methods for Assigning Short-Duration Traffic Volume Counts to Adjustment Factor Groups to Estimate AADT
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program Elizabeth Stolz Ben Chen Mark Hallenbeck Anik Das Shawn Turner Zihang Wei Paul Anderson Ioannis TsapakisAnnual average daily traffic (AADT), which represents traffic on a typical day of the year, is used by transportation agencies for reporting requirements, allocating resources, informing decision-making, and supporting various agency functions. NCHRP Web-Only Document 406: Methods for Assigning Short-Duration Traffic Volume Counts to Adjustment Factor Groups to Estimate AADT, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a supplement to NCHRP Research Report 1124: Guide on Methods for Assigning Counts to Adjustment Factor Groups
Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: A Guide for State DOTs
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board National Cooperative Highway Research Program Hollis Minor Ashley Hightower Candace Brakewood Matthew Miller Kelly Blume Ipek N. Sener James C. Cline Jr.Fare-free or zero-fare transit services have generated a great deal of interest in recent years. Fare-free operations unquestionably address many transportation equity issues. However, the long-term viability of these transit services must be carefully evaluated as these policy/programmatic decisions are made. NCHRP Research Report 1126: Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID- 19 World: A Guide for State DOTs, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, develops guidance and a tool to aid practitioners in the evaluation of fare-free transit services from a state DOT perspective. Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 409: Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: Conduct of Research Report, an implementation plan, and a practitioner's tool.
Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: Conduct of Research Report
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Program National Cooperative Highway Research Program Hollis Minor Ashley Hightower Candace Brakewood Matthew Miller Kelly Blume Ipek N. Sener James C. Cline Jr.The COVID-19 pandemic has been difficult for transit agencies seeking to serve the needs of the public while sustaining a safe environment for employees and passengers. Building and maintaining ridership are never easy, and the impacts of the pandemic were dramatic on ridership starting in March 2020. NCHRP Web-Only Document 409: Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: Conduct of Research Report, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is designed to assist transit authorities that are considering continuing or moving to fare-free service. The document is a supplement to NCHRP Research Report 1126: Sustaining Zero-Fare Public Transit in a Post COVID-19 World: A Guide for State DOTs.
Response to the Pay PCPs Act of 2024 Request for Information
by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Health and Medicine Division Board on Health Care Services Committee on the Response to the “Pay PCPs Act of 2024” Request for InformationA subgroup of the National Academies Standing Committee on Primary Care was appointed to respond to the Request for Information (RFI) on the Pay PCPs Act of 2024, issued by Senators Bill Cassidy and Sheldon Whitehouse. The committee’s report includes recommendations that address questions included in the RFI on payment-related primary care challenges.