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Dynamical Systems Generated by Linear Maps
by Ćemal B. Dolićanin Anatolij B. AntonevichThe book deals with dynamical systems, generated by linear mappings of finite dimensional spaces and their applications. These systems have a relatively simple structure from the point of view of the modern dynamical systems theory. However, for the dynamical systems of this sort, it is possible to obtain explicit answers to specific questions being useful in applications. The considered problems are natural and look rather simple, but in reality in the course of investigation, they confront users with plenty of subtle questions and their detailed analysis needs a substantial effort. The problems arising are related to linear algebra and dynamical systems theory, and therefore, the book can be considered as a natural amplification, refinement and supplement to linear algebra and dynamical systems theory textbooks.
Ruin Memories: Materialities, Aesthetics and the Archaeology of the Recent Past (Archaeological Orientations)
by Bjørnar Olsen Þóra PétursdóttirSince the nineteenth century, mass-production, consumerism and cycles of material replacement have accelerated; increasingly larger amounts of things are increasingly victimized rapidly and made redundant. At the same time, processes of destruction have immensely intensified, although largely overlooked when compared to the research and social significance devoted to consumption and production. The outcome is a ruin landscape of derelict factories, closed shopping malls, overgrown bunkers and redundant mining towns; a ghostly world of decaying modern debris normally omitted from academic concerns and conventional histories. The archaeology of the recent or contemporary past has grown fast during the last decade. This development has been concurrent with a broader popular, artistic and scholarly interest in modern ruins in general. Ruin Memories explores how the ruins of modernity are conceived and assigned cultural value in contemporary academic and public discourses, reassesses the cultural and historical value of modern ruins and suggests possible means for reaffirming their cultural and historic significance. Crucial for this reassessment is a concern with decay and ruination, and with the role things play in expressing the neglected, unsuccessful and ineffable. Abandonment and ruination is usually understood negatively through the tropes of loss and deprivation; things are degraded and humiliated while the information, knowledge and memory embedded in them become lost along the way. Without even ignoring its many negative and traumatizing aspects, a main question addressed in this book is whether ruination also can be seen as an act of disclosure. If ruination disturbs the routinized and ready-to-hand, to what extent can it also be seen as a recovery of memory as exposing meanings and presences that perhaps are only possible to grasp at second hand when no longer immersed in their withdrawn and useful reality? Anybody interested in the archaeology of the contemporary past will find Ruin Memories an essential guide to the very latest theoretical research in this emerging field of archaeological thought.
The Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Plastics
by John Schofield Þóra Pétursdóttir Estelle Praet Geneviève GodinThe Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Plastics investigates the archaeology of the contemporary world through the lens of its most distinguishing and problematic material.Plastics are ubiquitous and have been so for nearly three generations since they became widely used in the early 1950s. Plastics will persist for millennia, their legacies as toxic heritage being felt deep into the future. In this book – comprising 32 original, at times disturbing, and critically engaged contributions – scholars from archaeology and other cognate disciplines explore plastics from a number of different angles and perspectives. Together these contributions highlight the dilemma that plastics present: their usefulness on the one hand, and the threats they present to environmental health on the other. The volume also explores the lessons that archaeologists can learn from plastics, about episodes of mass production, consumption and toxicity in the past, and also – importantly – about the future.This important and timely collection will therefore be of interest to all archaeologists irrespective of their period of study, or their geographical focus, and to students of archaeology and cultural heritage. It will also be relevant for researchers and students in other fields of study that focus on plastics and their environmental and social impacts. Ultimately, this book concerns the contemporary world and the impact of people upon it, through the archaeological lens.
Winter Tourism: Trends and Challenges
by Michael Hall Murray B. Rutherford Jerry Vaske Umberto Martini Linda Lundmark Thomas Bausch Mike Peters Alexandra Jiricka-Pürrer Cameron Owens Marius Mayer Alison M. Gill Emmanuelle George Bruno Abegg Raija Komppula Coralie Achin Emma Alegria Wolfgang Arlt Þorvardur Árnason Mikolaj Bielanski Dorothee Bohn Philippe Bourdeau Federica Buffa Tatiana Chekalina John Daigle Cecilia De Bernardi Sandra De Urioste-Stone O. Cenk Demiroglu Rainer Flaig Peter Fredman Barbara Haller Rupf Joanna Hibner Claudia Hödl Lydia Horne Leandra Jänicke Hubert Job Milosz Jodlowski Hope Kohtala Felix Kraus Serena Lonardi Markus Mailer Luca Mariotti Aubrey D. Miller Nina Mostegl Gero Nischik Caroline Noblet Joe Pavelka Alexander Plaikner Laura Rickard Reto Rupf Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir Katrin Schillo Johannes Schmid Iain Stewart-Patterson Magnus Strömgren Karolina Taczanowska Rainer Unger Ilse Van Ipenburg Johannes T. Welling Tomas Zwijacz-KozicaWinter tourism has seen increased levels of investment in recent times, in an effort to reduce economic risk, address environmental concerns and adapt to the effects of global warming. New ski destinations are developing and merging with traditional ones to increase spatial distribution, while many established leading resorts are adapting their management models. Climate change adaptation processes are supported by the reduction of CO2 emissions and energy consumption in ski resorts. Current planning challenges include the increasing importance of scenic beauty, nature and sustainable development, as well as snow reliability, snow management and safety issues. Destination planning also requires an in-depth knowledge about ski tourists and their preferences regarding destination choice, which is impacted by many factors including the aging society, changing leisure time habits and new target markets such as China and India. This book is an essential reference for exploring these trends and the different approaches that are employed in the European Alpine region, North America, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. It: showcases best case examples and good practice regarding environmental management in ski areas; discusses current trends and adaption strategies in winter tourism, with reference to skiers' preferences; and analyses future challenges for the market. It is of particular relevance for academic researchers and practitioners working in tourism and hospitality, especially with a focus on winter destinations; and those interested in consumer behaviour, business and management, recreation, and sustainable tourism development.
German-Turkish Perspectives on IT and Innovation Management
by Fehim Bakırcı Thomas Heupel Orhan Kocagöz Üstün ÖzenThis book includes papers presented at the 2nd Economic forum: German-Turkish perspectives on IT and Innovation Management at the FOM in Munich, organized by the FOM University of Applied Sciences and Atat#65533;rk University Erzurum. Patron of the conference was Prof. Dr. Johanna Wanka, Federal Minister for Education and Research. To mark the German-Turkish year of science, both countries picked out global and societal challenges as a central theme and explored solution strategies as well as their implementation in new technologies and innovations. The papers discuss the effects of new technologies and innovations from different perspectives - from IT management, banking and finance to the special challenges of SMEs.
Porcelain Moon and Pomegranates: A Woman's Trek Through Turkey
by Üstün Bilgen-ReinartFor millennia, the land now called Turkey has been at the crossroads of history. A bridge between Europe and Asia, between West and East, between Christianity and Islam, the peninsula also known as Anatolia, the place where the sun rises, is one of the oldest continually inhabited regions on the planet. In this unique blend of memoir and travel literature, Üstün Bilgen-Reinart explores the people, politics, and passions of her native country, whisking the reader on a journey through time, memory, and space. She searches deep into the roots of her own ancestry and uncovers a family secret, breaks taboos in a nation that still takes tradition very seriously, and navigates through dangerous territory that sees her investigating brothels in Ankara, probing honour murders in Sanliurfa, encountering Kurds in the remote southeast, and witnessing the rape of the earth by a gold mining company in Bergama.
Making Modernity in the Islamic Mediterranean
by Marcus Milwright Peter Christensen Ünver Rüstem Gülru Çakmak Hala Auji Emily Neumeier Jessica Gerschultz Ashley Dimmig David J. RoxburghThe Islamic world's artistic traditions experienced profound transformation in the 19th century as rapidly developing technologies and globalizing markets ushered in drastic changes in technique, style, and content. Despite the importance and ingenuity of these developments, the 19th century remains a gap in the history of Islamic art. To fill this opening in art historical scholarship, Making Modernity in the Islamic Mediterranean charts transformations in image-making, architecture, and craft production in the Islamic world from Fez to Istanbul. Contributors focus on the shifting methods of production, reproduction, circulation, and exchange artists faced as they worked in fields such as photography, weaving, design, metalwork, ceramics, and even transportation. Covering a range of media and a wide geographical spread, Making Modernity in the Islamic Mediterranean reveals how 19th-century artists in the Middle East and North Africa reckoned with new tools, materials, and tastes from local perspectives.
Integrating and Articulating Environments
by Fikret Adaman Fatoş Gökşen Ørnulf Seippel Ünal Zenginobuz Jesper GrolinA critical, comparative exploration of the framing of environmental problems in Northern and Southern Europe. The book addresses theoretical and empirical questions about environmental attitudes and behaviours, politics and protest, cultures and contexts.
Partnering with Student Ambassadors to Create More Inclusive Universities: Best Practices for Collaboration
by Ruxandra Folos‚tina˘ Clare Gartland Albina Khasanzyanova Ümit ÇelenDesigned to promote the social and educational inclusion of disadvantaged groups and nontraditional learners, this book provides all the information needed to train networks of student ambassadors to improve student diversity and inclusion in higher education.Recognising that student ambassadors can play a significant role in addressing inequalities by supporting younger students in developing social and cultural capital, the book uses evidence-based information and best practices for training student ambassadors to enable them to promote social inclusion and educational progression. Packed full of activities covering the topics of STEM, the Arts, the Social Sciences, Humanities, and Health, each activity is presented in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and can be used in the training of student ambassadors themselves, or in schools with students aged 11–14 to empower them to become active, engaged, and involved in their local communities. By participating in these activities, student ambassadors will be able to effectively engage with more students from disadvantaged or marginalised communities, and students from these communities will be better equipped to navigate progression routes into higher education.This is a must-read book for all those interested in the theory and practicalities of making their universities more inclusive with the help of student ambassadors. It is a hands-on resource that will be particularly useful for those higher education institutions that are interested in implementing student ambassadors, as well as anyone interested in promoting social justice and challenging traditional patterns of progression to higher education.
Jak-Inhibitors in Dermatology
by Ayşe Serap Karadağ Ümit TürsenThis book covers the clinical usage of JAK inhibitors, which target Janus kinases and have shown promising results in the treatment of various dermatologic conditions, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, connective tissue disorders, autoimmune bullous diseases and alopecia areata. It is likely that JAK inhibitors will continue to play an important role in the management of these conditions, with clinical trials ongoing to assess their safety and efficacy in the treatment of other dermatologic disorders, such as vitiligo and hidradenitis suppurativa. However, it is important to note that JAK inhibitors can have potential side effects, including increased risk of infections, anemia and thrombosis. Therefore, careful monitoring of patients receiving JAK inhibitors is necessary to ensure their safety.Jak Inhibitors in Dermatology represents a treatise on this novel topic and discusses that while JAK inhibitors have shown great promise in the treatment of various dermatologic conditions, further research and monitoring is necessary to fully understand their potential benefits and risks. This book is therefore of great interest for all dermatologists as a first step to understanding this novel treatment.
Islamic Tourism: Management of Travel Destinations (CABI Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Series)
by Yasin Bilim Tahir Rashid María Moral-Moral Professor Noel Scott Dr Shin Yasuda Onur Akbulut Yakin Ekin Dr Tariq Elhadary Professor Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez Balal Qayum Rukeya Suleman Noha El-Bassiouny Ferdi Biskin Ibrahim Hakki Kaynak Sulistyo B. Utomo Xin Jin Sorur Adwik Md Javed Kawsar Ibrahim Alsini Erdogan Ekiz Kashif Hussain Kristel Kessler Mustafa Acar Mustafa Yilmaz Ümit Sormaz Eda Günes Paolo Pietro Biancone Silvana Secinaro UmmeSalma Mujtaba Dr Abdus Sattar AbbasiIslamic tourism is not purely motivated by religion; it also includes participants pursuing similar leisure experiences to non-Muslims, within the parameters set by Islam. Destinations are therefore not necessarily locations where Shari'a or full Islamic law is enforced. Demand for Islamic tourism destinations is increasing as the Muslim population expands, with the market forecast to be worth around US$238 billion. This book explores the ever-widening gap between the religious, tourism, management and education sectors. It provides practical applications, models and illustrations of religious tourism and pilgrimage management from a variety of international perspectives, and introduces theories and models in an accessible structure. The book: - Includes a range of contemporary case studies of religious and pilgrimage activities. - Covers ancient, sacred and emerging tourist destinations. - Reviews new forms of pilgrimage, faith systems and quasi-religious activities. This book offers an engaging assessment of the linkages and interconnections between Muslim consumers and the places they visit. It provides an important analysis for researchers of religious tourism, pilgrimage and related subjects.
A Frequency Dictionary of Turkish: Core Vocabulary For Learners (Routledge Frequency Dictionaries)
by Yeşim Aksan Mustafa Aksan Ümit Mersinli Umut DemirhanA Frequency Dictionary of Turkish enables students of all levels to build on their study of Turkish in an efficient and engaging way. <P><P> Based on a 50 million word corpus, A Frequency Dictionary of Turkish provides a list of core vocabulary for learners of Turkish as a second or foreign language. It gives the most updated, reliable frequency guidelines for common vocabulary in spoken and written Turkish. Each of the 5000 entries are supported by detailed information including the English equivalent, an illustrative example with English translation and usage statistics. The Dictionary provides a rich resource for language teaching and curriculum design, while a separate CD version provides the full text in a tab-delimited format ideally suited for use by corpus and computational linguists. With entries arranged by frequency, by suffixation and alphabetically, A Frequency Dictionary of Turkish enables students of all levels to get the most out of their study of vocabulary in an engaging and efficient way.
The Armenians of Aintab: The Economics of Genocide in an Ottoman Province
by Ümit KurtA Turk’s discovery that Armenians once thrived in his hometown leads to a groundbreaking investigation into the local dynamics of genocide. Ümit Kurt, born and raised in Gaziantep, Turkey, was astonished to learn that his hometown once had a large and active Armenian community. The Armenian presence in Aintab, the city’s name during the Ottoman period, had not only been destroyed—it had been replaced. To every appearance, Gaziantep was a typical Turkish city. Kurt digs into the details of the Armenian dispossession that produced the homogeneously Turkish city in which he grew up. In particular, he examines the population that gained from ethnic cleansing. Records of land confiscation and population transfer demonstrate just how much new wealth became available when the prosperous Armenians—who were active in manufacturing, agricultural production, and trade—were ejected. Although the official rationale for the removal of the Armenians was that the group posed a threat of rebellion, Kurt shows that the prospect of material gain was a key motivator of support for the Armenian genocide among the local Muslim gentry and the Turkish public. Those who benefited most—provincial elites, wealthy landowners, state officials, and merchants who accumulated Armenian capital—in turn financed the nationalist movement that brought the modern Turkish republic into being. The economic elite of Aintab was thus reconstituted along both ethnic and political lines. The Armenians of Aintab draws on primary sources from Armenian, Ottoman, Turkish, British, and French archives, as well as memoirs, personal papers, oral accounts, and newly discovered property-liquidation records. Together they provide an invaluable account of genocide at ground level.
Global Business Strategies in Crisis
by Ümit Hacioğlu Hasan Dinçer Nihat AlayoğluAs the world is currently in the midst of financial and economic crises, this collection of expert contributions focuses on strategy formation and implementation at various organizational levels to address the challenges ahead. The latest economic turmoil and its ongoing impact on business performance are compelling top managers to develop effective business strategies and redefine the boundaries of their operational and strategic activities. On one hand, tremendous challenges in the competitive business environment have become a source of global threats for many small entrepreneurs. On the other, investors faced with today's volatile economic conditions demand more gains on their capital investments to counter-balance the growing risk of global threats. This book explores the question as to whether it is possible to efficiently and effectively address these threats and obstacles. Are managers capable of planning and implementing strategic actions? What should the major managerial strategy be in order to overcome fluctuations in a market-oriented society? The strategies and practices recommended here are aimed to design continuous development competencies and contribute to the stability, recovery and sustainability of global business operations under volatile economic conditions. This refreshingly novel book seeks to establish managerial strategies and practices for effectively responding to challenges in the competitive business environment, as global volatility and fluctuations continue to worsen.
Global Financial Crisis and Its Ramifications on Capital Markets
by Ümit Hacioğlu Hasan DinçerThis book assesses the 2008-2009 financial crisis and its ramifications for the global economy from a multidisciplinary perspective. Current market conditions and systemic issues pose a risk to financial stability and sustained market access for emerging market borrowers. The volatile environment in the financial system became the source of major threats and some opportunities such as takeovers, mergers and acquisitions for international business operations. This volume is divided into six sections. The first evaluates the 2008-2009 Global Financial Crisis and its impacts on Global Economic Activity, examining the financial crisis in historical context, the economic slowdown, transmission of the crisis from advanced economies to emerging markets, and spillovers. The second section evaluates global imbalances, especially financial instability and the economic outlook for selected regional economies, while the third focuses on international financial institutions and fiscal policy applications. The fourth section analyzes the capital market mechanism, price fluctuations and global trade activity, while the fifth builds on new trends and business cycles to derive effective strategies and solutions for international entrepreneurship and business. In closing, the final section explores the road to economic recovery and stability by assessing the current outlook and fiscal strategies.
Risk Management, Strategic Thinking and Leadership in the Financial Services Industry
by Ümit Hacioğlu Hasan DinçerThis book presents a broad overview of risk management in the banking industry, with a special focus on strategic thinking and decision-making. It reveals the broader context behind decision models and approaches to risk management in the financial industry, linking the regulatory landscape for capital management and risk to strategic thinking, together with behavioral and cultural assessments.
Global Approaches in Financial Economics, Banking, and Finance (Contributions to Economics)
by Hasan Dincer Ümit Hacioglu Serhat YükselThis volume discusses the impact of Financial Economics, Growth Dynamics, and the Finance & Banking sector in the economies of countries. The contributors analyse and discuss the effects of the recent financial crises on the economic growth and performance in various countries. The volume covers aspects like foreign borrowing, impact on productivity and debt crises that are strongly affected by the financial volatility of recent years and includes examples from Europe and Asia. In addition, the authors give particular attention to the private sector of Finance and Banking, which is deeply interwoven with the financial performance of a country’s economy. Examples such as bank profitability and troubled loans are covered and the volume also discusses the economic impact of banks such as the Ottoman Bank in a national economy. The book also explores the importance of financial stability, intellectual capital and bank performance for a stable economic environment.
Globalization of Financial Institutions
by Hasan Dincer Ümit HaciogluThis peer-reviewed volume from the Society for the Study of Business and Finance, discusses current issues in globalization and financial system from an international political and economic perspective. Contemporary instruments and actors in the global financial system are specially analyzed and the discussion of managerial and financial issues of the global financial strategies offers novelty to readers and researchers in the field.
Managerial Issues in Finance and Banking
by Hasan Dincer Ümit HaciogluThis book discusses competitive issues related to globalization, financial system and institutions from a managerial perspective. Contributions in this volume cover competitive strategies, risk management, controlling and custom finance in Finance & Banking. The novelty of the book is in demonstrating the innovative solutions to managerial issues in the global financial system. The contributions in this volume are peer-reviewed by the Society for the Study of Business and Finance.
Strategic Design and Innovative Thinking in Business Operations: The Role of Business Culture and Risk Management (Contributions To Management Science)
by Hasan Dincer Ümit Hacioglu Serhat YükselRecently, rapid technological advances have been influencing the global business operations strategies at companies of all sizes like never before. At the same time, there has been a shift in business cultures due to the rising prevalence of matrix organizations and innovative thinking. This book investigates the role of these factors in shaping the business operations of tomorrow. To address the topic comprehensively, the editors have gathered expert contributions exploring the following dimensions: the business and organizational environment, strategic design, innovativeness and risk management. Discussing aspects ranging from customer selection to understanding regional, national and supranational market dynamics, the contributions will help readers understand both the complexity of and opportunities presented by designing operations.
Big Data Analytics: Theory, Techniques, Platforms, and Applications
by Gagangeet Singh Aujla Anish Jindal Ümit Demirbaga Oğuzhan KalyonThis book introduces readers to big data analytics. It covers the background to and the concepts of big data, big data analytics, and cloud computing, along with the process of setting up, configuring, and getting familiar with the big data analytics working environments in the first two chapters. The third chapter provides comprehensive information on big data processing systems - from installing these systems to implementing real-world data applications, along with the necessary codes. The next chapter dives into the details of big data storage technologies, including their types, essentiality, durability, and availability, and reveals their differences in their properties. The fifth and sixth chapters guide the reader through understanding, configuring, and performing the monitoring and debugging of big data systems and present the available commercial and open-source tools for this purpose. Chapter seven gives information about a trending machine learning, Bayesian network: a probabilistic graphical model, by presenting a real-world probabilistic application to understand causal, complex, and hidden relationships for diagnosis and forecasting in a scalable manner for big data. Special sections throughout the eighth chapter present different case studies and applications to help the readers to develop their big data analytics skills using various big data analytics frameworks.The book will be of interest to business executives and IT managers as well as university students and their course leaders, in fact all those who want to get involved in the big data world.
Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Making of the Justice and Development Party (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics #6)
by Ümit CizreTurkey is ninty-nine per cent Muslim, its ruling party, Justice and Development Party (JDP), comes from but denies its Islamist pedigree and has a very secular feel. However, the deeply secular regime distrusts the JDP with regard to its 'true' colours. This book makes sense of these paradoxical perceptions which have characterized Turkey’s politics since the JDP has come to power in 2002. The key momentum for shaping the nature and trajectories of the ruling party of Turkey since 2002, the JDP, has been the ‘identity’ question. The JDP’s commitment to transform Turkey’s politics was part of its engagement to remake its own identity. The JDP’s adoption of a conservative-democrat identity has rested on a new understanding of Westernization, secularism, democracy and the role and relevance of Islam in politics. The book’s central problematic is to explain both the politics of change the JDP initiated and sustained in the first three years in office and the politics of retreat it has made from its reformist discourse since 2005. The book analyzes not just the catalysts for its reformist discourse of the first 3 years but tries to explain its reversal to an inward-looking conservative nationalist course. By approaching this topical debate from the conceptual stance rather than a party-centered approach, Ümit Cizre identifies that the change the JDP has initiated within Turkey’s political Islam and in Turkish politics is the product of an interactive process between many levels, actors, forces and historical periods. The forces and actors covered include: global forces of Islam the secular establishment and its popular extensions the past and present Islamic actors in political and non-political spheres the changing balance of forces in the region which frame the EU and the US policies toward the JDP. Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey is a valuable contribution to the study of globalization and ‘change’ in contemporary political Islam, the relationship between religion and politics, and secularism and political Islam. As such, it will be of interest to students and researchers alike in the area of Islamic politics, democratization, European Union and political Islam, and globalization.
The Turkish AK Party and its Leader: Criticism, opposition and dissent (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics)
by Ümit CizreAfter landslide electoral victories, two referenda and a presidential election, thirteen years of AK Party rule have shattered many myths regarding Turkey’s politics and the nature of the party itself. This book argues that the last thirteen years are best understood via the AK party’s interaction with the social-political realm. It focuses on criticism, dissent and opposition from prominent organized groups in Turkish society, which themselves represent significantly different traditions, ideologies and interests. Bringing together specialists from across the field, its chapters explore key societal actors to reveal the dynamics behind the last decade of AK Party rule. Overall, the book throws light on the extent to which the government’s characters, trajectories, policies and leadership style have been interactively shaped by opposition and dissent. Exploring the historically unprecedented and politically controversial rule of the AK Party, as well as the relationship between modern societal groups and a government driven by a conservative Islamic tradition, this book is a valuable resource for students and scholars of Turkish studies, as well as politics more generally.
Digital Twin Driven Intelligent Systems and Emerging Metaverse
by Enis Karaarslan Ömer Aydin Ümit Cali Moharram ChallengerThis book covers the notion of the digital twin, which has the potential to alter the way systems are governed and manufactured. It also addresses the metaverse as an emerging technology with its roots in literature, cross-platform avatars, and artificial intelligence-oriented cybersecurity issues. The untapped potential of the metaverse and digital twins as enabling technologies for the next-generation industries is emphasized in various chapters. Digital twin technology enables manufacturers to comprehend their products throughout product design better, integrate simulation, tracking, and optimization in real-time, and appropriately analyze operations. Especially for complicated products or systems, testing on a digital twin is more efficient (more accessible, quicker, less error-prone, and less expensive). The product is examined in its virtual version before it is displayed in the actual world. Additionally, the digital twin minimizes operational expenses and increases the longevity of equipment and assets. By prolonging the life of the thing, they represent and enhance its working efficiency; it may minimize operating costs and prospective capital spending. The digital twin idea is becoming a reality as it has begun to be used in several industries, including energy, manufacturing, construction, transportation, aerospace, smart cities, healthcare, cyber security, finance, and agriculture. Academic and industrial experts highlighted the most compelling use cases of digital twins and metaverses and the challenges inherent in their implementation. Readers who want to make more effective systems will find the book useful. Also, people who want to get an idea and vision of how technology will change our lives will benefit from this book.
Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions (Tree Physiology #5)
by Russell K. Monson Ülo NiinemetsPlant-driven volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions play a major role in atmospheric chemistry, including ozone and photochemical smog formation in the troposphere, and they extend the atmospheric lifetime of the key greenhouse gas, methane. Furthermore, condensation of photo-oxidation products of BVOCs leads to formation of secondary organic aerosols with profound implications for the earth's solar radiation budget and climate. Trees represent the plant life form that most contributes to BVOC emissions, which gives global forests a unique role in regulating atmospheric chemistry. Written by leading experts in the field, the focus is on recent advancements in understanding the controls on plant-driven BVOC emissions, including efforts to quantitatively predict emissions using computer models, particularly on elicitation of emissions under biotic and abiotic stresses, molecular mechanisms of volatile synthesis and emission and the role of emissions in plant stress tolerance.