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US Taiwan Policy: Constructing the Triangle

by Øystein Tunsjø

The relationship between the United States and China is one of the most important issues in the twenty-first century, and is, ultimately, hostage to conditions across the Taiwan Strait. This book is the first to attempt to trace the historical origin of what is known as theTaiwan issue in US-China relations from a constructivist perspective.

Electronic Participation

by Theresa A. Pardo Efthimios Tambouris Panos Panagiotopoulos Øystein Sæbø Maria A. Wimmer Yannis Charalabidis Delfina Sá Soares Tomasz Janowski

Welcometothe'rstintheePartseriesofannualinternationalconferences. ePart is dedicated to reviewing research advances in both social and technological scienti'c domains, seeking to demonstrate new concepts, methods and styles of eParticipation. ePart is dedicated to innovative and rigorous eParticipation research. It aims to bring together researchers from a wide range of academic disciplines and provide the scienti'c community with a platform for discussing and advancing research ?ndings. The conference itself is preceded by a doctoral colloquium providing young researchers with the important opportunity to be part of the eParticipation research community. This book bringstogether 16 papers representing the completed, compreh- siveresearchof41authorswithfromcountriesrangingfromSwedentoAustralia. Re'ecting on the highly complex and multi-faceted nature of eParticipation - search undertaken by these authors, the papers are clustered under the three headings: - Research Review and Outlook - Evaluation and Assessment - Tools, Techniques and Case Studies Papers include those that consider future multi-disciplinary research directions, examine the potential contribution of social networking sites to political enga- ment, provide evaluation frameworks for both eParticipation policy and speci'c projects, and those that describe emerging tools and techniques with which to conduct and analyze eParticipation. The ongoing research, projects, and general development issues, which have alsobeenacceptedforePart2009, arepublishedinacomplementaryproceedings volume by Trauner Druck, Linz, Austria.

Electronic Participation

by Michela Milano Konstantinos Tarabanis Efthimios Tambouris Panos Panagiotopoulos Øystein Sæbø Maria A. Wimmer Theresa Pardo

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 8. 5 International Conference on Electronic Participation, ePart 2015, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in August/September 2015. The 12 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: eParticipation and social media, delibration and consultation, evaluation, and policy formulation and modelling.

The Madaba Plains Project: Forty Years of Archaeological Research into Jordan's Past (Madaba Plains Project 2 Ser. #Vol. 2)

by Douglas R. Clark Larry G. Herr Øystein S. LaBianca Randall W. Younker

The year 2008 marks the 40th anniversary of Mabada Plains Project archaeological research in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The Madaba Plains Project is one of the longest-lived, continuously running archaeological excavation projects in the Middle East. Spanning four decades, the project, with its beginnings at Tall Hisban in the late sixties, has engaged 1,500 participants, produced scores of publications and spawned a dozen other projects. Its legacy includes being one of the first major Near Eastern archaeology projects to adopt a multi-millennial, regional approach; to incorporate ethnoarchaeology and environmental studies; to construct data around a food-systems' approach; and to computerize procedures for archaeological data acquisition and analysis, thus helping advance both the theoretical underpinnings and the field methods of archaeology in the southern Levant and beyond. Madaba Plains Project directors, wishing to celebrate this major scientific and historical milestone, have produced this anniversary volume which: highlights the value of ongoing collaborative research across the region of central Jordan, attempting to explain life and survival from the Bronze ages through the Islamic and early modern periods and features the latest results from ongoing research; enlivens the discussion by hearing from major scholars in the field who, in the process of assessing the contributions of the project to the archaeology of the southern Levant, broaden the discussion in the context of ancient Near Eastern archaeological research; and, expands the horizons of the project's research by presenting the ever enlarging number and extent of projects conducted by dig directors once on staff with the Madaba Plains Project, thereby taking readers all over Jordan and beyond.

The Oil Business and the State: National Energy Companies and Government Ownership (Routledge Studies in International Business and the World Economy)

by Øystein Noreng

National oil companies are big business with about 80 percent of the world’s proven oil reserves, and they are crucial to the world’s energy supplies. They are giants, some of the world’s largest companies, measured by market capitalisation, cash flow and investment. Little is known about their modus operandi, how they make decisions about investment and production or about relations with their government-owners. However, it is known that they conduct business with a political mandate, often with multiple long-term objectives, broadly defined and hard to quantify. Unclear mandates give national oil companies leeway to pursue their own distinctive interests, apart from those of the government-owner. As investors, governments are less zealous than private investors. They generally observe multiple objectives, not only return on capital. Therefore, the senior management of national oil companies enjoy more discretionary power and consider longer time horizons than their counterparts in the private sector. The Oil Business and the State explains the practice of state ownership in a capital-intensive industry with high risks and high return, and how these companies act in a market with imperfect competition. This book looks to give readers more insight into the oil industry, into the background of oil exporting countries as well as the economic and political challenges confronting them, including problems of state ownership. The book discusses wider consequences of China replacing the United States as the world’s leading oil importer. It will be of interest to researchers, academics and students in the fields of international business, management history, corporate governance, political economy and economic development of oil-rich countries.

Philosophy of Mathematics (Princeton Foundations of Contemporary Philosophy #15)

by Øystein Linnebo

A sophisticated, original introduction to the philosophy of mathematics from one of its leading contemporary scholarsMathematics is one of humanity's most successful yet puzzling endeavors. It is a model of precision and objectivity, but appears distinct from the empirical sciences because it seems to deliver nonexperiential knowledge of a nonphysical reality of numbers, sets, and functions. How can these two aspects of mathematics be reconciled? This concise book provides a systematic yet accessible introduction to the field that is trying to answer that question: the philosophy of mathematics.Written by Øystein Linnebo, one of the world's leading scholars on the subject, the book introduces all of the classical approaches to the field, including logicism, formalism, intuitionism, empiricism, and structuralism. It also contains accessible introductions to some more specialized issues, such as mathematical intuition, potential infinity, the iterative conception of sets, and the search for new mathematical axioms. The groundbreaking work of German mathematician and philosopher Gottlob Frege, one of the founders of analytic philosophy, figures prominently throughout the book. Other important thinkers whose work is introduced and discussed include Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, David Hilbert, Kurt Gödel, W. V. Quine, Paul Benacerraf, and Hartry H. Field.Sophisticated but clear and approachable, this is an essential introduction for all students and teachers of philosophy, as well as mathematicians and others who want to understand the foundations of mathematics.

Creating Experience Value in Tourism

by Bruce Prideaux Peter Björk Vincent Magnini Ossi Pesämaa Nina K Prebensen Young-Souk Lee Line Mathisen Muzaffer Uysal Haywantee Ramkissoon M. Joseph Sirgy Joseph S Chen Graham Dann Tor Korneliussen Lena Mossberg Øystein Jensen Akan Yanik Lidia Andrades Caldito Xiaojuan Yu Tove I. Dahl Prakash Chathoth

As the field of tourism grows in maturity and scientific sophistication, it is important to fully understand the breadth and depth of vacation experience value. Current research delivers a multitude of approaches to value creation, represented here as a set of definitions, perspectives, and interpretations of how tourists, as customers, create value alone and with others. Providing an analytical and systematic clarification of the approaches, this book suggests an understanding of the differences, offering new and practical knowledge for tourism scholars and professionals to highlight the relevance of the concept to firms and organizations. Including a framework to distinguish among key resources or antecedents of customer value, this book also considers consumer behaviour and factors affecting value creation from physiological and psychological perspectives. Concluding with a summary of the areas for future research, it is a valuable resource for researchers of tourism, leisure and recreation.

The Law of the Sea: Normative Context and Interactions with other Legal Regimes (Routledge Research on the Law of the Sea)

by Øystein Jensen Elise Johansen Nele Matz-Lück

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea follows a comprehensive approach and can be interpreted dynamically to include the regulation of all potential human uses of the ocean, but the law of the sea cannot be viewed in isolation from other fields of international law. International law does not resemble a hierarchically structured legal system; its different parts interact when different rules address the same activity or situation. The academic discussion concerning the specialization and proliferation of international legal rules and dispute settlement bodies has theoretical as well as practical relevance for the law of the sea and its interaction with other parts of international law. The intensified use of the oceans for different purposes and the ongoing proliferation of international rules addressing different activities from different perspectives and with distinct foci require a more thorough evaluation of how the law of the sea relates to other fields of international law, how the normative context can be approached theoretically and if interdisciplinary interfaces can be adequately addressed. This book discusses the normative context of the law of the sea and the interactions of the law of the sea with other legal regimes. By connecting high-quality research with new ideas and perspectives, this book offers expertise from different fields and perspectives in which the interaction between the law of the sea and other fields of international law becomes particularly relevant.

A History of South Sudan

by M. W. Rolandsen Øystein H. Daly

South Sudan is the world's youngest independent country. Established in 2011 after two wars, South Sudan has since reverted to a state of devastating civil strife. This book provides a general history of the new country, from the arrival of Turco-Egyptian explorers in Upper Nile, the turbulence of the Mahdist revolutionary period, the chaos of the 'Scramble for Africa', during which the South was prey to European and African adventurers and empire builders, to the Anglo-Egyptian colonial era. Special attention is paid to the period since Sudanese independence in 1956, when Southern disaffection grew into outright war, from the 1960s to 1972, and from 1983 until the Comprehensive Peace of 2005, and to the transition to South Sudan's independence. The book concludes with coverage of events since then, which since December 2013 have assumed the character of civil war, and with insights into what the future might hold.

Labour of Love: Beyond the Self-Evidence of Everyday Life

by Øystein Gulvåg Holter

Amazed at the stubborn nature of the sexual division of labour in modern society, five Norwegian researchers set out to explore the sources of this pervasive resistance to change. Moving from the neutral concepts of work and money, the lofty notions of love and family and the triviality of domestic organization, social science is made to yield some surprising insights into hidden, secret and perhaps even sacred structures of everyday life. A provocative claim in these pages is that the practical arrangement in the family is informed by the erotic properties of work and semi-religious notions of poverty and dirt - and is sustained by both sexes. This anthology reveals some perplexing aspects of contemporary self-understanding and rediscovers sexual meaning as a pillar of modern culture. The book is an invitation to reconsider the conditions for gender equality and to explore further the cultural tangle behind this persistent tolerance for injustice within European thinking.

Learning Identities, Education, and Community

by Julian Sefton-Green Ola Erstad Erstad, Ola and Gilje, Øystein and Sefton-Green, Julian and Arnseth, Hans Christian Øystein Gilje Hans Christian Arnseth

"This book offers a case study of children and young people in Groruddalen, Norway, as they live, study and work within the contexts of their families, educational institutions and informal activities. Examining learning as a life-wide concept, the study reveals how 'learning identities' are forged through complex interplays between young people and their communities, and how these identities translate and transfer across different locations and learning contexts. The authors also explore how diverse immigrant populations integrate and conceptualize their education as a key route to personal meaning and future productivity. In highlighting the relationships between education, literacy and identity within a sociocultural context, this book is at the cutting edge of discussions about what matters as children learn"--

Fish Vaccination

by Atle Lillehaug Roar Gudding Øystein Evensen

Fish farming, in seawater and in freshwater, in cages, tanks or ponds, makes an ever-increasing and significant contribution to the production of aquatic food in many regions of the world. During the last few decades there has been significant progress and expansion in the aquaculture sector, characterized by intensified production and the exploitation of many new species. Aquaculture must be a sustainable bio-production, environmentally as well as economically. Disease prevention in order to reduce losses, and the use of antimicrobials is crucial in this perspective. Vaccination has, in a few years, become the most important method for disease prevention in aquaculture, and effective prophylaxis based on stimulation of the immune system of the fish is essential for further development of the industry. This book provides general information about disease prevention in fish by vaccination, as well as specific descriptions of the correct use of vaccines against the most important bacterial and viral infectious diseases of aquatic animals. The book is written by some of the world’s leading experts in the subject, drawn from many countries where aquaculture is a significant and expanding part of the economy. Fish Vaccination is an encyclopedia of fish vaccinology for every present and future aquaculturist. Professionals in the aquaculture sector, including fish veterinarians and fish biologists, within the industry, in scientific institutions and regulatory authorities will all find a huge wealth of commercially important knowledge within this book. Libraries in all universities where aquaculture, biological and veterinary sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this important book on their shelves.

Atlantic Salmon Ecology

by Øystein Aas Sigurd Einum Anders Klemetsen Jostein Skurdal

The Atlantic salmon is one of the most prized and exploited species worldwide, being at the centre of a massive sports fishing industry and increasingly as the major farmed species in many countries worldwide. Atlantic Salmon Ecology is a landmark publication, both scientifically important and visually attractive. Comprehensively covering all major aspects of the relationship of the Atlantic salmon with its environment, chapters include details of migration and dispersal, reproduction, habitat requirements, feeding, growth rates, competition, predation, parasitsm, population dynamics, effects of landscape use, hydro power development, climate change, and exploitation. The book closes with a summary and look at possible future research directions. Backed by the Norwegian Research Council and with editors and contributors widely known and respected, Atlantic Salmon Ecology is an essential purchase for all those working with this species, including fisheries scientists and managers, fish biologists, ecologists, physiologists, environmental biologists and aquatic scientists, fish and wildlife department personnel and regulatory bodies. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this important publication. Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of Atlantic Salmon Atlantic Salmon is one of the world's most commercially important species Backed by the Norwegian Research Council Experienced editor and internationally respected contributors

Tourism as a Resource-based Industry: Based on the Work of Sondre Svalastog

by Øystein Aas Brian McNeil Lars Aronsson Sjur Baardsen Børge Dahle Marko Košcak Stian Stensland Sondre Svalastog Anthony Travis

Tourism as a Resource-based Industry presents the conceptual framework of the Norwegian economic geographer Sondre Svalastog and functions as a practical tool for analyzing and identifying resources when working towards a more sustainable tourism industry. Tourism resources and their sustainability are analysed through the lens of a multidisciplinary approach which includes social, economic, cultural and natural dimensions. Contextual awareness is achieved by combining research-based knowledge with local know-how and information on local conditions. The book facilitates a way forward that examines both productivity and sustainability. The usefulness and value of Svalastog's conceptual work is demonstrated by a selection of new case studies by experts in the field, from different countries including Sweden, Norway, Slovenia, and the UK. This book: - Identifies local conditions and resources, climate change concerns, different types of tourists and a variety of challenges in high-cost and low-cost countries. - Considers how best to maximise potential and production, ensuring that both the host community and tourist benefits. - Provides a wide-ranging selection of case studies covering topics such as urban heritage, national parks, niche tourism and location-specific tourism products. - Presents ideas on how to secure sound planning within the industry, using conceptual and methodological tools. Tourism researchers and students will find this book helpful for understanding the development of tourism and how it can contribute to the UN Agenda 2030 which reflects the urgency for change, to secure cultural and natural resources, health and social resilience, and the stability of a socially constructed economy. Thus, tourism research needs to include a constant review and if required, renewal of processes that manage how society, culture and natural resources are used to achieve a balanced sustainable tourism process.

Maritime-Port Technology and Development

by Sören Ehlers Tor Einar Berg Bjørn Egil Asbjørnslett Ørnulf Jan Rødseth

Maritime-Port Technology and Development contains the latest research results and innovations as presented at the 2014 International Maritime and Port Technology and Development Conference (Trondheim, Norway, 27- 29 October 2014). The volume is divided into a wide range of topics: Efficient and environmentally friendly energy use in ships and port

The State and the Social: State Formation in Botswana and its Precolonial and Colonial Genealogies

by Ørnulf Gulbrandsen

Botswana has been portrayed as a major case of exception in Africa—as an oasis of peace and harmony with an enduring parliamentary democracy, blessed with remarkable diamond-driven economic growth. Whereas the “failure” of other states on the continent is often attributed to the prevalence of indigenous political ideas and structures, the author argues that Botswana’s apparent success is not the result of Western ideas and practices of government having replaced indigenous ideas and structures. Rather, the postcolonial state of Botswana is best understood as a unique, complex formation, one that arose dialectically through the meeting of European ideas and practices with the symbolism and hierarchies of authority, rooted in the cosmologies of indigenous polities, and both have become integral to the formation of a strong state with a stable government. Yet there are destabilizing potentialities in progress due to emerging class conflict between all the poor sections of the population and the privileged modern elites born of the expansion of a beef and diamond-driven political economy, in addition to conflicts between dominant Tswana and vast other ethnic groups. These transformations of the modern state are viewed from the long-term perspectives of precolonial and colonial genealogies and the rise of structures of domination, propelled by changing global forces.

Handbook of Statistical Methods for Case-Control Studies (Chapman & Hall/CRC Handbooks of Modern Statistical Methods)

by Nilanjan Chatterjee Mitchell H. Gail Ørnulf Borgan Norman Breslow Alastair Scott Chris J. Wild

Handbook of Statistical Methods for Case-Control Studies is written by leading researchers in the field. It provides an in-depth treatment of up-to-date and currently developing statistical methods for the design and analysis of case-control studies, as well as a review of classical principles and methods. The handbook is designed to serve as a reference text for biostatisticians and quantitatively-oriented epidemiologists who are working on the design and analysis of case-control studies or on related statistical methods research. Though not specifically intended as a textbook, it may also be used as a backup reference text for graduate level courses. Book Sections Classical designs and causal inference, measurement error, power, and small-sample inference Designs that use full-cohort information Time-to-event data Genetic epidemiology About the Editors Ørnulf Borgan is Professor of Statistics, University of Oslo. His book with Andersen, Gill and Keiding on counting processes in survival analysis is a world classic. Norman E. Breslow was, at the time of his death, Professor Emeritus in Biostatistics, University of Washington. For decades, his book with Nick Day has been the authoritative text on case-control methodology. Nilanjan Chatterjee is Bloomberg Distinguished Professor, Johns Hopkins University. He leads a broad research program in statistical methods for modern large scale biomedical studies. Mitchell H. Gail is a Senior Investigator at the National Cancer Institute. His research includes modeling absolute risk of disease, intervention trials, and statistical methods for epidemiology. Alastair Scott was, at the time of his death, Professor Emeritus of Statistics, University of Auckland. He was a major contributor to using survey sampling methods for analyzing case-control data. Chris J. Wild is Professor of Statistics, University of Auckland. His research includes nonlinear regression and methods for fitting models to response-selective data.

Administration, Ethics and Democracy

by Øjvind Larsen

This title was first published in 2000: Administration, Ethics and Democracy is concerned with the disciplines of philosophy, political science and sociology. Øjvind Larsen's book provides a deeper analysis of the relations between administration, ethics and democracy. In modern society, it is no longer sufficient to be the obedient administrator Max Weber speaks about. The time is ripe to re-evaluate the overriding responsibilities of the administration. Today, responsible administration demands an independent position to be taken. Øjvind Larsen views the administration from the continuous complex demands it is required to meet and proposes that the professional role is not exempt from personal responsibility or position. Therefore it is crucial that the administrator has freedom of expression and the opportunity to discuss his problems with others. Ethics are a common concern and also a political problem in democratic society. This is why there is a close connection between administration, ethics and democracy.

Philosophy of Music Education Challenged: Heideggerian Inspirations

by Frederik Pio Øivind Varkøy

This volume offers key insights into the crisis of legitimization that music as a subject of arts education seems to be in. Music as an educational subject is under intense pressure, both economically, due to the reduction of education budgets, as well as due to a loss of status with policy makers. The contributions in this book illuminate Martin Heidegger's thinking as a highly cogent theoretical framework for understanding the nature and depth of this crisis. The contributors explore from various angles the relationship between the pressure on music education and the foundations of our technical and rationalized modern society and lead the way on the indispensable first steps towards reconnecting the cultural practices of education with music and its valuable contributions to personal development.

Goods and Services of Marine Bivalves

by Aad C. Smaal Joao G. Ferreira Jon Grant Jens K. Petersen Øivind Strand

The aim of this book is to review and analyse the goods and services of bivalve shellfish. How they are defined, what determines the ecological functions that are the basis for the goods and services, what controversies in the use of goods and services exist, and what is needed for sustainable exploitation of bivalves from the perspective of the various stakeholders. The book is focused on the goods and services, and not on impacts of shellfish aquaculture on the benthic environment, or on threats like biotoxins; neither is it a shellfish culture handbook although it can be used in evaluating shellfish culture. The reviews and analysis are based on case studies that exemplify the concept, and show the strengths and weaknesses of the current applications. The multi-authored reviews cover ecological, economic and social aspects of bivalve goods and services. The book provides new insights for scientists, students, shellfish producers, policy advisors, nature conservationists and decision makers. This book is open access under the CC BY license.

Negotiating Memory from the Romans to the Twenty-First Century: Damnatio Memoriae (Routledge Studies in Cultural History)

by Øivind Fuglerud

Manipulation of the past and forced erasure of memories have been global phenomena throughout history, spanning a varied repertoire from the destruction or alteration of architecture, sites, and images, to the banning or imposing of old and new practices. The present volume addresses these questions comparatively across time and geography, and combines a material approach to the study of memory with cross-disciplinary empirical explorations of historical and contemporary cases. This approach positions the volume as a reference-point within several fields of humanities and social sciences. The collection brings together scholars from different fields within humanities and social science to engage with memorialization and damnatio memoriae across disciplines, using examples from their own research. The broad chronological and comparative scope makes the volume relevant for researchers and students of several historical periods and geographic regions.

Relative Chronology in Early Greek Epic Poetry

by Øivind Andersen Dag T. Haug

This book sets out to disentangle the complex chronology of early Greek epic poetry, which includes Homer, Hesiod, hymns and catalogues. The preserved corpus of these texts is characterised by a rather uniform language and many recurring themes, thus making the establishment of chronological priorities a difficult task. The editors have brought together scholars working on these texts from both a linguistic and a literary perspective to address the problem. Some contributions offer statistical analysis of the linguistic material or linguistic analysis of subgenres within epic, others use a neoanalytical approach to the history of epic themes or otherwise seek to track the development and interrelationship of epic contents. All the contributors focus on the implications of their study for the dating of early epic poems relative to each other. Thus the book offers an overview of the current state of discussion.

Relative Chronology in Early Greek Epic Poetry

by Øivind Andersen Dag T. T. Haug

This book sets out to disentangle the complex chronology of early Greek epic poetry, which includes Homer, Hesiod, hymns and catalogues. The preserved corpus of these texts is characterised by a rather uniform language and many recurring themes, thus making the establishment of chronological priorities a difficult task. The editors have brought together scholars working on these texts from both a linguistic and a literary perspective to address the problem. Some contributions offer statistical analysis of the linguistic material or linguistic analysis of subgenres within epic, others use a neoanalytical approach to the history of epic themes or otherwise seek to track the development and interrelationship of epic contents. All the contributors focus on the implications of their study for the dating of early epic poems relative to each other. Thus the book offers an overview of the current state of discussion.

Moral Reasoning at Work: Rethinking Ethics In Organizations

by Ø. Kvalnes

This book is open access under CC-BY license. Moral dilemmas are a pervasive feature of working life. Moral Reasoning at Work offers a fresh perspective on how to live with them using ethics and moral psychology research. It argues that decision-makers must go beyond compliance and traditional approaches to ethics to prepare for moral dilemmas.

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