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Mathematics of Discrete Structures for Computer Science
by Gordon J. PaceMathematics plays a key role in computer science, some researchers would consider computers as nothing but the physical embodiment of mathematical systems. And whether you are designing a digital circuit, a computer program or a new programming language, you need mathematics to be able to reason about the design -- its correctness, robustness and dependability. This book covers the foundational mathematics necessary for courses in computer science. The common approach to presenting mathematical concepts and operators is to define them in terms of properties they satisfy, and then based on these definitions develop ways of computing the result of applying the operators and prove them correct. This book is mainly written for computer science students, so here the author takes a different approach: he starts by defining ways of calculating the results of applying the operators and then proves that they satisfy various properties. After justifying his underlying approach the author offers detailed chapters covering propositional logic, predicate calculus, sets, relations, discrete structures, structured types, numbers, and reasoning about programs. The book contains chapter and section summaries, detailed proofs and many end-of-section exercises -- key to the learning process. The book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, and although the treatment focuses on areas with frequent applications in computer science, the book is also suitable for students of mathematics and engineering.
Study on the Consensus Salary System for Modern Enterprises
by Zhihong LiFor firms, the salary issue is extremely important for their business operations and development. In order to investigate this issue and to expand the role of the salary system in business management, the book presents the Consensus Salary Model for modern enterprises and further explores its theoretical foundations, decisive mechanisms and features, and provides a basic framework for designing salary systems for modern enterprises. Finally, the book incorporates empirical research to test the model.
Climate Change Governance (Climate Change Management)
by Walter Leal Filho Jörg KnielingClimate change is a cause for concern both globally and locally. In order for it to be tackled holistically, its governance is an important topic needing scientific and practical consideration. Climate change governance is an emerging area, and one which is closely related to state and public administrative systems and the behaviour of private actors, including the business sector, as well as the civil society and non-governmental organisations. Questions of climate change governance deal both with mitigation and adaptation whilst at the same time trying to devise effective ways of managing the consequences of these measures across the different sectors. Many books have been produced on general matters related to climate change, such as climate modelling, temperature variations, sea level rise, but, to date, very few publications have addressed the political, economic and social elements of climate change and their links with governance. This book will address this gap. Furthermore, a particular feature of this book is that it not only presents different perspectives on climate change governance, but it also introduces theoretical approaches and brings these together with practical examples which show how main principles may be implemented in practice.
On the Mathematics of Modelling, Metamodelling, Ontologies and Modelling Languages
by Brian Henderson-SellersComputing as a discipline is maturing rapidly. However, with maturity often comes a plethora of subdisciplines, which, as time progresses, can become isolationist. The subdisciplines of modelling, metamodelling, ontologies and modelling languages within software engineering e.g. have, to some degree, evolved separately and without any underpinning formalisms. Introducing set theory as a consistent underlying formalism, Brian Henderson-Sellers shows how a coherent framework can be developed that clearly links these four, previously separate, areas of software engineering. In particular, he shows how the incorporation of a foundational ontology can be beneficial in resolving a number of controversial issues in conceptual modelling, especially with regard to the perceived differences between linguistic metamodelling and ontological metamodelling. An explicit consideration of domain-specific modelling languages is also included in his mathematical analysis of models, metamodels, ontologies and modelling languages. This encompassing and detailed presentation of the state-of-the-art in modelling approaches mainly aims at researchers in academia and industry. They will find the principled discussion of the various subdisciplines extremely useful, and they may exploit the unifying approach as a starting point for future research.
Henipavirus
by Benhur Lee Paul A. RotaHenipaviruses form a new genus of emerging paramyxoviruses that are the deadliest human pathogens within the Paramyxoviridae family. This volume deals with the many facets of henipavirus biology, and covers our current understanding regarding the ecology, molecular virology, and pathogenesis of henipavirus infections. It is an international effort written by a multidisciplinary panel of experts at the front lines of research into this lethal emerging group of paramyxoviruses. The first section introduces the epidemiology and ecology of Nipah and Hendra viruses in their respective endemic areas, including a first-hand account of the discovery of Nipah virus during its initial outbreak in Malaysia; the next section documents the molecular virology of henipaviruses, and the substantial advances made towards understanding the unique features of henipavirus entry and tropism; and this is followed by accounts of the clinical and pathologic features of henipavirus infections in their human and naturally infected animal hosts. The next sections on pathogenesis provide a comprehensive reference on how henipaviruses counteract the innate immune system, and the relevant pathogenic features in animal challenge models developed to test potential therapeutic strategies. The final sections describe our current and future capabilities for diagnosis and control, including an account of potentially effective immunization strategies that are currently being tested. This book will not only serve as a useful reference for the henipavirus field; it will be useful to basic and animal virologists, ecologists, epidemiologists, physicians, and others interested in emerging infectious viral diseases, as it showcases the multidisciplinary efforts required to understand the genesis, spread and hopefully, control, of a group of lethal emerging zoonotic pathogens.
Ernährungsmedizin Pädiatrie
by Frank JochumDie Basis für eine gesunde Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist die bedarfsgerechte Zufuhr von Nährstoffen. Da eine systematische Lehre auf diesem Gebiet fehlt, bestehen häufig Wissensdefizite. Orientiert am Zertifikat Ernährungsmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, wurden für den Leitfaden die Grundlagen zusammengefasst und das therapeutische Vorgehen beschrieben. Die 2. Auflage bietet einen Praxisteil mit Übersichten und Berechnungshilfen zur klinischen Ernährung sowie Empfehlungen für die Nährstoffzufuhr.
The Surgical Examination of Children
by John M. Hutson Spencer W. BeasleyThis book demonstrates clearly how to perform a clinical examination in the infant or child with a surgical condition. While most textbooks of pediatric surgery focus on the pathological classification and overall management of disease, in clinical practice physicians and surgeons usually use a problem-oriented approach to clinical diagnosis. Surprisingly, this is rarely taught to students. The authors attempt to redress this imbalance by providing a clinical approach to the patient which can be learned with a minimum of factual information. The book should therefore remain useful to the practitioner throughout his or her medical career. It includes detailed coverage of the usual presentations of common diseases, but does not attempt to cover all aspects of the presentations of uncommon diseases unless their recognition is important for the well-being or survival of the child. Generously illustrated, this is a book for all who are learning the art of pediatric surgical diagnosis.
Duplexsonographie der hirnversorgenden Arterien
by Bernhard Widder Gerhard HamannAls schnelles Diagnoseverfahren ist Ultraschall mittlerweile weit verbreitet. Der Band liefert einen Überblick über das gesamte Gebiet der sonographischen Gefäßdiagnostik an den hirnversorgenden Arterien – einschließlich der klinischen Aspekte. Einstiegslektüre und Nachschlagewerk zugleich, bietet der Band leichte Orientierung durch einheitliche Gliederung in Techniken, Krankheitsbilder, Befunde und Fehlerquellen. Fallbeispiele, Lern- und Arbeitsmittel helfen, die Grundlagen zu verstehen und Befunde zu interpretieren. Mit 300 neuen Abbildungen.
Advances in K-means Clustering: A Data Mining Thinking (Springer Theses)
by Junjie WuNearly everyone knows K-means algorithm in the fields of data mining and business intelligence. But the ever-emerging data with extremely complicated characteristics bring new challenges to this "old" algorithm. This book addresses these challenges and makes novel contributions in establishing theoretical frameworks for K-means distances and K-means based consensus clustering, identifying the "dangerous" uniform effect and zero-value dilemma of K-means, adapting right measures for cluster validity, and integrating K-means with SVMs for rare class analysis. This book not only enriches the clustering and optimization theories, but also provides good guidance for the practical use of K-means, especially for important tasks such as network intrusion detection and credit fraud prediction. The thesis on which this book is based has won the "2010 National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award", the highest honor for not more than 100 PhD theses per year in China.
eBusiness & eCommerce
by Andreas Meier Henrik StormerIm Mittelpunkt des Fachbuchs stehen die Glieder der digitalen Wertschöpfungskette - jedem einzelnen ist ein eigenes Kapitel gewidmet. Neben Geschäftsmodellen und Business Webs werden digitale Beschaffungs- und Marketingprozesse behandelt, Verhandlungsprozesse, Sicherheitsfragen sowie das Lieferanten- und Kundenbeziehungsmanagement. Anwendungsbeispiele und eine durchgehende Fallstudie illustrieren die Vorgehensweisen. Für die 3. Auflage wurden Methoden und Techniken des Web 2.0 (Social Web) und des Web 3.0 (Semantic Web) eingearbeitet.
Pädiatrische Differenzialdiagnostik
by Josef RoseneckerMit geübtem Blick können Kinderärzte einzelne Krankheitsmerkmale rasch erkennen. Schwierig wird die Diagnose, wenn ein Syndrom mehrere charakteristische Symptome zeigt. Der Band bietet Hilfe zur Abklärung von über 80 häufigen Krankheitssymptomen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Jeder Symptomkomplex ist auf wenigen Seiten prägnant dargestellt und einheitlich gegliedert nach Anamnese, Ätiologie und differenzialdiagnostischer Abklärung. Über 160 Diagramme stellen das Ursachenspektrum übersichtlich dar und bringen das systematische Vorgehen auf den Punkt.
Halbleiter-Leistungsbauelemente
by Josef LutzHalbleiter-Leistungsbauelemente sind das Kernstück der Leistungselektronik. Sie bestimmen die Leistungsfähigkeit und machen neuartige und verlustarme Schaltungen erst möglich. In dem Band wird neben den Halbleiter-Leistungsbauelementen selbst auch die Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik behandelt: von den physikalischen Grundlagen und der Herstellungstechnologie über einzelne Bauelemente bis zu thermomechanischen Problemen, Zerstörungsmechanismen und Störungseffekten. Die 2., überarbeitete Auflage berücksichtigt technische Neuerungen und Entwicklungen.
Progress and New Trends in 3D Geoinformation Sciences
by Alborz Zamyadi Frédéric Hubert Jacynthe Pouliot Sylvie DanielThe integration of the 3rd dimension in the production of spatial representation is largely recognized as a valuable approach to comprehend our reality, that is 3D. During the last decade developments in 3D Geoinformation (GI) system have made substantial progress. We are about to have a more complete spatial model and understanding of our planet in different scales. Hence, various communities and cities offer 3D landscape and 3D city models as valuable source and instrument for sustainable management of rural and urban resources. Also municipal utilities, real estate companies benefit from recent developments related to 3D applications. In order to present recent developments and to discuss future trends, academics and practitioners met at the 7th International Workshop on 3D Geoinformation. This book comprises a selection of evaluated, high quality papers that were presented at this workshop in May 2012. The topics focus explicitly on the last achievements (methods, algorithms, models, systems) with respect to 3D GeoInformation requirements. The book is aimed at decision makers and experts as well at students interested in the 3D component of geographical information science including GI engineers, computer scientists, photogrammetrists, land surveyors, urban planners, and mapping specialists.
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Depressionen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
by Martin Hautzinger Ulrike AbelDas Trainingsmanual unterstützt Therapeuten bei der Planung und Durchführung von Sitzungen mit Kindern und Jugendlichen, die an einer Depression erkrankt sind. Die zahlreichen Arbeitsblätter und Materialien sind auf die Bedürfnisse von Kindern und Jugendlichen zugeschnitten und können unmittelbar eingesetzt werden.
Natürliche Familienplanung heute
by Thomas Strowitzki Elisabeth Raith-Paula Günter Freundl Petra Frank-Herrmann Ursula SottongNatürliche Familienplanung (NFP) - das sind gesundheitlich unbedenkliche Methoden zur sicheren Empfängnisverhütung und zur gezielten Schwangerschaftsplanung. Auf Basis der neuesten internationalen Literatur bietet der Standardleitfaden umfassende Informationen und viele Anwendungsbeispiele zur NFP. Diskutiert werden auch die Möglichkeiten moderner Medien für die Zyklusüberwachung und -auswertung wie z. B. Softwareprogramme. Der Leitfaden eignet sich zur Vorbereitung und Begleitung von Beratungsgesprächen und als Nachschlagewerk für Anwenderinnen.
Prozessmanagement individuell umgesetzt
by Eva-Maria KernBeim Prozessmanagement besteht für Unternehmen wie öffentliche Institutionen die Herausforderung darin, die Theorie in die Praxis zu übertragen und dafür maßgeschneiderte Lösungen zu entwickeln. In dem Band werden Fallstudien aus unterschiedlichen Branchen und Organisationen vorgestellt, die zeigen, wie vielfältig die Lösungsansätze sein können. Kommentare zu den Fallstudien ordnen die verschiedenen Strategien in einen theoretischen Bezugsrahmen ein, Bausteine, Methoden und Instrumente für deren praktische Ausgestaltung werden erläutert.
Kinderchirurgie
by Dietrich Schweinitz Benno UreDer Band liefert umfassendes Wissen und praxisorientierte Entscheidungshilfen zu Operationsverfahren, diagnostischen Möglichkeiten, Krankheitsverlauf und Krankheitsfolgen sowie operativen und konservativen Therapieoptionen bei Kindern. Neben der ausführlich behandelten Chirurgie der Thorax- und Abdominalorgane werden auch die wichtigsten Themen der allgemeinen Chirurgie des Kindesalters dargestellt. Die Neuauflage enthält ein zusätzliches Kapitel zur bariatrischen Chirurgie bei Kindern. Mit Beiträgen renommierte Kinderchirurgen und Pädiater.
Rückenschmerzen und Nackenschmerzen
by Annette Becker Monika Hasenbring Hans-Raimund Casser Ralf BaronRückenschmerz ist aufgrund seiner Häufigkeit und vielfältigen Ursachen nicht nur für Orthopäden und Neurologen ein Thema, sondern auch für Psychologen, Schmerztherapeuten, Internisten und Allgemeinmediziner. In dem Band werden Entstehung und Chronifizierung von Rückenschmerz, seine Diagnostik und Therapie aus interdisziplinärer Sicht beschrieben. Auch besondere Patientengruppen wie Sportler, Kinder und ältere Menschen sowie Fragen der Rehabilitation werden berücksichtigt. Mit Fallbeispielen, zusammenfassenden Darstellungen und Praxistipps.
Understanding Different Geographies
by Karel Kriz Michaela Kinberger William CartwrightThis book collects revised versions of papers first delivered at the "Understanding Different Geographies Symposium" held in Puchberg am Schneeberg, Austria in 2011. The Symposium focussed on "Communicating Meaning with [Geo]Graphic Artefacts". The general topics of the chapters cover: - Exploring geographic knowledge - Maps in exhibition spaces - Information and exhibition design with (geo)graphic artefacts - Extracting meaning from visualisations of different geographies - Deconstructing maps of information - and other spaces
Towards Practical Brain-Computer Interfaces
by Anton Nijholt Brendan Z. Allison Robert Leeb Stephen Dunne José Del R. MillánBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are devices that enable people to communicate via thought alone. Brain signals can be directly translated into messages or commands. Until recently, these devices were used primarily to help people who could not move. However, BCIs are now becoming practical tools for a wide variety of people, in many different situations. What will BCIs in the future be like? Who will use them, and why? This book, written by many of the top BCI researchers and developers, reviews the latest progress in the different components of BCIs. Chapters also discuss practical issues in an emerging BCI enabled community. The book is intended both for professionals and for interested laypeople who are not experts in BCI research.
Transport Development in Asian Megacities: A New Perspective
by Shigeru Morichi Surya Raj AcharyaThe rapid growth of the Asian urban population concentrates on a few large cities, turning them into giant megacities. Despite new theoretical insights into the benefits of megacities, the emerging Asia is facing a daunting challenge concerning the management of infrastructure and services in their megacities. The deteriorating urban mobility is the most difficult challenge with respect to the sharp increase in vehicle numbers and to inadequate and poorly managed road infrastructure. Public transport, a sustainable mode of mobility, is subjected to a vicious cycle of poor service, decreasing ridership and lower investment. Despite various policy initiatives, the situation has not improved. The scale and growth pattern of Asian megacities have distinctive features which generate a unique set of challenges and opportunities. New perspectives are needed to effectively address the transportation problems making the best use of available opportunities. This book, which is a result of an international collaborative research, addresses these challenges by providing insightful analysis and novel viewpoints.
Quantitative Assessment of Securitisation Deals
by Wim Schoutens Henrik Jönsson Francesca CampolongoThe book draws on current research on model risk and parameter sensitivity of securitisation ratings. It provides practical ideas and tools that can facilitate a more informed usage of securitisation ratings. We show how global sensitivity analysis techniques can be used to better analyse and to enhance the understanding of the uncertainties inherent in ratings due to uncertainty in the input parameters. The text introduces a novel global rating approach that takes the uncertainty in the ratings into account when assigning ratings to securitisation products. The book also covers new prepayment and default models that overcome flaws in current models.
Optical Cooling Using the Dipole Force
by André XuerebThis thesis unifies the dissipative dynamics of an atom, particle or structure within an optical field that is influenced by the position of the atom, particle or structure itself. This allows the identification and exploration of the fundamental 'mirror-mediated' mechanisms of cavity-mediated cooling leading to the proposal of a range of new techniques based upon the same underlying principles. It also reveals powerful mechanisms for the enhancement of the radiation force cooling of micromechanical systems, using both active gain and the resonance of a cavity to which the cooled species are external. This work has implications for the cooling not only of weakly-scattering individual atoms, ions and molecules, but also for highly reflective optomechanical structures ranging from nanometre-scale cantilevers to the metre-sized mirrors of massive interferometers.
Cooperative Optical Non-Linearity in a Blockaded Rydberg Ensemble (Springer Theses)
by Jonathan D. PritchardThis thesis describes the first demonstration of a cooperative optical non-linearity based on Rydberg excitation. Whereas in conventional non-linear optics the non-linearity arises directly from the interaction between light and matter, in a cooperative process it is mediated by dipole-dipole interactions between light-induced excitations. For excitation to high Rydberg states where the electron is only weakly bound, the dipole-dipole interactions are extremely large and long range, enabling an enormous enhancement of the non-linear effect. Consequently, cooperative non-linear optics using Rydberg excitations opens a new era for quantum optics enabling large single photon non-linearity to be accessible in free space for the first time. The thesis describes the theoretical underpinnings of the non- linear effect, the pioneering experimental results and implications for experiments in the single photon regime.
Energy and Non-Traditional Security (NTS) in Asia
by Mely Caballero-Anthony Youngho Chang Nur Azha PutraTraditional notions of security are premised on the primacy of state security. In relation to energy security, traditional policy thinking has focused on ensuring supply without much emphasis on socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Non-traditional security (NTS) scholars argue that threats to human security have become increasingly prominent since the end of the Cold War, and that it is thus critical to adopt a holistic and multidisciplinary approach in addressing rising energy needs. This volume represents the perspectives of scholars from across Asia, looking at diverse aspects of energy security through a non-traditional security lens. The issues covered include environmental and socioeconomic impacts, the role of the market, the role of civil society, energy sustainability and policy trends in the ASEAN region.