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Epoxidations and Hydroperoxidations of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones
by Corinna ReisingerCorinna Reisinger has developed a new organocatalytic asymmetric epoxidation of cyclic and acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones. In this thesis, Corinna documents her methodology, using primary amine salts as catalysts, and hydrogen peroxide as an inexpensive and environmentally benign oxidant. She describes the unprecedented and powerful catalytic asymmetric hydroperoxidation of α,β-enones, a process which produces optically active five-membered cyclic peroxyhemiketals in a single operation. She also proves the versatility and synthetic value of the cyclic peroxyhemiketals by converting them into highly enantioenriched acyclic and cyclic aldol products. Currently, these cyclic aldol products are inaccessible by any other synthetic means. Furthermore, cyclic peroxyhemiketals are precursors to optically active 1,2-dioxolanes which are of biological relevance. This work is a breakthrough in the field of asymmetric epoxidation chemistry and outlines the most efficient method in the literature for generating highly enantioselective cyclic epoxyketones known to date.
The Matrix of Derivative Criminal Liability
by Gabriel HallevyDerivative criminal liability includes inchoate offenses (criminal attempt, conspiracy, preparatory offenses, etc.), complicity (joint perpetration, perpetration through another, incitement, solicitation, accessoryship, etc.), organized crime, natural and probable consequences liability, post-crime aid, enterprise liability, terrorism and terrorist infrastructure, and many more forms of criminal liability, clearly making it a major pillar of modern criminal law. Although derivative criminal liability affects countries worldwide, there is still no general legal theory that covers this issue. The objective of the present book is to develop a comprehensive, general, legally sophisticated, and at the same time practical theory of derivative criminal liability. The book emphasizes the practicality of the theory to enable courts, lawyers, legislators, attorneys, students, and academics to apply it in their daily professional occupations.
The Universal Machine
by Ian WatsonThe computer unlike other inventions is universal; you can use a computer for many tasks: writing, composing music, designing buildings, creating movies, inhabiting virtual worlds, communicating... This popular science history isn't just about technology but introduces the pioneers: Babbage, Turing, Apple's Wozniak and Jobs, Bill Gates, Tim Berners-Lee, Mark Zuckerberg. This story is about people and the changes computers have caused. In the future ubiquitous computing, AI, quantum and molecular computing could even make us immortal. The computer has been a radical invention. In less than a single human life computers are transforming economies and societies like no human invention before.
JIMD Reports - Case and Research Reports, 2011/2
by SsiemJIMD Reports publishes case and short research reports in the area of inherited metabolic disorders. Case reports highlight some unusual or previously unrecorded feature relevant to the disorder, or serve as an important reminder of clinical or biochemical features of a Mendelian disorder.
Solid State Gas Sensors - Industrial Application
by Maximilian Fleischer Mirko LehmannGas sensor products are very often the key to innovations in the fields of comfort, security, health, environment, and energy savings. This compendium focuses on what the research community labels as solid state gas sensors, where a gas directly changes the electrical properties of a solid, serving as the primary signal for the transducer. It starts with a visionary approach to how life in future buildings can benefit from the power of gas sensors. The requirements for various applications, such as for example the automotive industry, are then discussed in several chapters. Further contributions highlight current trends in new sensing principles, such as the use of nanomaterials and how to use new sensing principles for innovative applications in e.g. meteorology. So as to bring together the views of all the different groups needed to produce new gas sensing applications, renowned industrial and academic representatives report on their experiences and expectations in research, applications and industrialisation.
Solid State Gas Sensors - Industrial Application (Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors #11)
by Maximilian Fleischer Mirko LehmannGas sensor products are very often the key to innovations in the fields of comfort, security, health, environment, and energy savings. This compendium focuses on what the research community labels as solid state gas sensors, where a gas directly changes the electrical properties of a solid, serving as the primary signal for the transducer. It starts with a visionary approach to how life in future buildings can benefit from the power of gas sensors. The requirements for various applications, such as for example the automotive industry, are then discussed in several chapters. Further contributions highlight current trends in new sensing principles, such as the use of nanomaterials and how to use new sensing principles for innovative applications in e.g. meteorology. So as to bring together the views of all the different groups needed to produce new gas sensing applications, renowned industrial and academic representatives report on their experiences and expectations in research, applications and industrialisation.
Hybrid Modeling and Optimization of Manufacturing
by J. Paulo Davim Omar López-Armas Ramón QuizaArtificial intelligence (AI) techniques and the finite element method (FEM) are both powerful computing tools, which are extensively used for modeling and optimizing manufacturing processes. The combination of these tools has resulted in a new flexible and robust approach as several recent studies have shown. This book aims to review the work already done in this field as well as to expose the new possibilities and foreseen trends. The book is expected to be useful for postgraduate students and researchers, working in the area of modeling and optimization of manufacturing processes.
Solving Differential Equations in R
by Francesca Mazzia Jeff Cash Karline SoetaertMathematics plays an important role in many scientific and engineering disciplines. This book deals with the numerical solution of differential equations, a very important branch of mathematics. Our aim is to give a practical and theoretical account of how to solve a large variety of differential equations, comprising ordinary differential equations, initial value problems and boundary value problems, differential algebraic equations, partial differential equations and delay differential equations. The solution of differential equations using R is the main focus of this book. It is therefore intended for the practitioner, the student and the scientist, who wants to know how to use R for solving differential equations. However, it has been our goal that non-mathematicians should at least understand the basics of the methods, while obtaining entrance into the relevant literature that provides more mathematical background. Therefore, each chapter that deals with R examples is preceded by a chapter where the theory behind the numerical methods being used is introduced. In the sections that deal with the use of R for solving differential equations, we have taken examples from a variety of disciplines, including biology, chemistry, physics, pharmacokinetics. Many examples are well-known test examples, used frequently in the field of numerical analysis.
Corporate Governance: Strategische Marktrisiken, Controlling, Überwachung
by Karsten PaetzmannSeit den 1990er Jahren werden weltweit Standards zur Verbesserung der Unternehmensführung diskutiert und in Empfehlungen oder Rechtsnormen gegossen. Ziel der Corporate Governance ist es, die Rationalität der Unternehmensführung zu erhöhen und insbesondere die Erkennung und Handhabung von Risiken zu verbessern. Anhand von Fallstudien zeigt der Autor, dass die Risiken des Marktumfeldes zwar eine herausragende Rolle spielen, dass die Unternehmensführung aber der Dualität des Marktumfeldes, also den Chancen und Risiken, Rechnung zu tragen hat.
Chemistry of Nanocontainers (Topics in Current Chemistry #319)
by Markus Albrecht F. Ekkehardt HahnMolecular Cages and Capsules with Functionalized Inner Surfaces, by Stefan Kubik. Drug Delivery by Water-Soluble Organ metallic Cages, by Bruno Therrien. Reversibly Expanded Encapsulation Complexes, by Dariush Ajami und Julius Rebek. Container Molecules Based on Imine Type Ligands, by A. Carina Schulze und Iris M. Oppel. Molecular Capsules Derived from Resorcin[4]arenes by Metal-Coordination, by Tobias Schröder, Satya Narayan Sahu und Jochen Mattay. Coronates, Spherical Containers, Bowl-Shaped Surfaces, Porous 1D-, 2D-, 3D-Metallo-Coordination Polymers, and Metallodendrimers, by Rolf W. Saalfrank und Andreas Scheurer.
Stochastic Analysis in Production Process and Ecology Under Uncertainty
by Bogusław BiedaThe monograph addresses a problem of stochastic analysis based on the uncertainty assessment by simulation and application of this method in ecology and steel industry under uncertainty. The first chapter defines the Monte Carlo (MC) method and random variables in stochastic models. Chapter two deals with the contamination transport in porous media. Stochastic approach for Municipal Solid Waste transit time contaminants modeling using MC simulation has been worked out. The third chapter describes the risk analysis of the waste to energy facility proposal for Konin city, including the financial aspects. Environmental impact assessment of the ArcelorMittal Steel Power Plant, in Kraków - in the chapter four - is given. Thus, four scenarios of the energy mix production processes were studied. Chapter five contains examples of using ecological Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - a relatively new method of environmental impact assessment - which help in preparing pro-ecological strategy, and which can lead to reducing the amount of wastes produced in the ArcelorMittal Steel Plant production processes. Moreover, real input and output data of selected processes under uncertainty, mainly used in the LCA technique, have been examined. The last chapter of this monograph contains final summary. The log-normal probability distribution, widely used in risk analysis and environmental management, in order to develop a stochastic analysis of the LCA, as well as uniform distribution for stochastic approach of pollution transport in porous media has been proposed. The distributions employed in this monograph are assembled from site-specific data, data existing in the most current literature, and professional judgment.
Advanced Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Art, Science, and New Clinical Techniques
by Melvin A. Shiffman Alberto Di GiuseppeAesthetic rhinoplasty is among the most common aesthetic operations in the field of facial aesthetic plastic surgery, but it is also viewed as one of the most complex. This comprehensive book provides a wealth of up-to-date information on advanced aesthetic rhinoplasty techniques. After discussion of anatomy, psychological issues, and preoperative planning, a wide range of primary and secondary rhinoplasty techniques are described clearly and in detail with the aid of numerous high-quality color illustrations. The use of fillers in rhinoplasty, ethnic variations in anatomy and techniques, and possible risks and complications are all clearly explained. This book is intended primarily for experienced surgeons in the fields of plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery, general surgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, oral maxillofacial surgery, and cosmetic surgical subspecialties. It will also be an invaluable resource for residents and fellows.
Journeys to Data Mining
by Mohamed Medhat GaberData mining, an interdisciplinary field combining methods from artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics and database systems, has grown tremendously over the last 20 years and produced core results for applications like business intelligence, spatio-temporal data analysis, bioinformatics, and stream data processing. The fifteen contributors to this volume are successful and well-known data mining scientists and professionals. Although by no means an exhaustive list, all of them have helped the field to gain the reputation and importance it enjoys today, through the many valuable contributions they have made. Mohamed Medhat Gaber has asked them (and many others) to write down their journeys through the data mining field, trying to answer the following questions: 1. What are your motives for conducting research in the data mining field? 2. Describe the milestones of your research in this field. 3. What are your notable success stories? 4. How did you learn from your failures? 5. Have you encountered unexpected results? 6. What are the current research issues and challenges in your area? 7. Describe your research tools and techniques. 8. How would you advise a young researcher to make an impact? 9. What do you predict for the next two years in your area? 10. What are your expectations in the long term? In order to maintain the informal character of their contributions, they were given complete freedom as to how to organize their answers. This narrative presentation style provides PhD students and novices who are eager to find their way to successful research in data mining with valuable insights into career planning. In addition, everyone else interested in the history of computer science may be surprised about the stunning successes and possible failures computer science careers (still) have to offer.
Mass Spectrometry of Polymers – New Techniques
by Minna HakkarainenEmerging Mass Spectrometric Tools for Analysis of Polymers and Polymer Additives, by Nina Aminlashgari and Minna Hakkarainen. Analysis of Polymer Additives and Impurities by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry, by Wolfgang Buchberger and Martin Stiftinger. Direct Insertion Probe Mass Spectrometry of Polymers, by Jale Hacaloglu Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligo- and Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives, by Petra Mischnick. Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Molecular Level Understanding of Polymer Degradation, by Minna Hakkarainen.
Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility
by Nicholas Capaldi Samuel O Idowu Ananda Das Gupta Liangrong ZuThe role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the business world has developed from a fig leaf marketing front into an important aspect of corporate behavior over the past several years. Sustainable strategies are valued, desired and deployed more and more by relevant players in many industries all over the world. Both research and corporate practice therefore see CSR as a guiding principle for business success. The "Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility" has been conceived to assist researchers and practitioners to align business and societal objectives. All actors in the field will find reliable and up to date definitions and explanations of the key terms of CSR in this authoritative and comprehensive reference work. Leading experts from the global CSR community have contributed to make the "Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility" the definitive resource for this field of research and practice.
Scientific Computing and Cultural Heritage
by Willi Jäger Hans Georg Bock Michael J. WincklerThe sheer computing power of modern information technology is changing the face of research not just in science, technology and mathematics, but in humanities and cultural studies too. Recent decades have seen a major shift both in attitudes and deployment of computers, which are now vital and highly effective tools in disciplines where they were once viewed as elaborate typewriters. This revealing volume details the vast array of computing applications that researchers in the humanities now have recourse to, including the dissemination of scholarly information through virtual 'co-laboratories', data retrieval, and the modeling of complex processes that contribute to our natural and cultural heritage. One key area covered in this book is the versatility of computers in presenting images and graphics, which is transforming the analysis of data sets and archaeological reconstructions alike. The papers published here are grouped into three broad categories that cover mathematical and computational methods, research developments in information systems, and a detailed portrayal of ongoing work on documenting, restoring and presenting cultural monuments including the temples in Pompeii and the Banteay Chhmar temples of the Angkorian period in present-day Cambodia. Originally presented at a research workshop in Heidelberg, Germany, they reflect the rapidly developing identity of computational humanities as an interdisciplinary field in its own right, as well as demonstrating the breadth of perspectives in this young and vibrant research area.
Innovation Management by Promoting the Informal
by Markus Bürgermeister Fritz Böhle Stephanie PorschenThis book explores new approaches to successful innovation - with all uncertainty. Its focal points are management of the informal and a new perspective of human work: innovation work is based on artistic, experience-based and playful action. The book helps recognize and utilize new success potentials for innovation in enterprises. It addresses managers and experts who are interested in promoting innovation in practice. Moreover, scientists will gather new interdisciplinary insights into innovation management and work organization from this book.
Transgovernance: Advancing Sustainability Governance
by Louis Meuleman'Transgovernance: Advancing Sustainability Governance' analyses the question what recent and ongoing changes in the relations between politics, science and media - together characterized as the emergence of a knowledge democracy - may imply for governance for sustainable development, on global and other levels of societal decision making, and the other way around: How can the discussion on sustainable development contribute to a knowledge democracy? How can concepts such as second modernity, reflexivity, configuration theory, (meta)governance theory and cultural theory contribute to a 'transgovernance' approach which goes beyond mainstream sustainability governance? This volume presents contributions from various angles: international relations, governance and metagovernance theory, (environmental) economics and innovation science. It offers challenging insights regarding institutions and transformation processes, and on the paradigms behind contemporary sustainability governance.This book gives the sustainability governance debate a new context. It transforms classical questions into new options for societal decision making and identifies starting points and strategies towards effective governance of transitions to sustainability.
Product of Random Stochastic Matrices and Distributed Averaging
by Behrouz TouriThe thesis deals with averaging dynamics in a multiagent networked system, which is a main mechanism for diffusing the information over such networks. It arises in a wide range of applications in engineered physical networks (such as mobile communication and sensor networks), as well as social and economic networks. The thesis provides in depth study of stability and other phenomena characterizing the limiting behavior of both deterministic and random averaging dynamics. By developing new concepts, and using the tools from dynamic system theory and non-negative matrix theory, several novel fundamental results are rigorously developed. These contribute significantly to our understanding of averaging dynamics as well as to non-negative random matrix theory. The exposition, although highly rigorous and technical, is elegant and insightful, and accompanied with numerous illustrative examples, which makes this thesis work easily accessible to those just entering this field and will also be much appreciated by experts in the field.
Sciences of Geodesy - I
by Guochang XuThis reference and handbook includes contributions from the world's leading experts and describes the history, theory, development, research highlights, problems and future of the individual geodetic fields. The subjects include: Geodesy, Satellite Geodesy, Marine Geodesy, GPS / Galileo Systems, Navigation and Positioning, Aerogravimetry, Super-conducting Gravimetry, Adjustment and Filtering, Orbits Theory, Orbits Determination, Tectonics, Earth Rotation and Polar Motion, Earth Tide and Ocean Loading Tide, Satellite Altimetry, Remote Sensing, InSAR, etc.
Theranostics, Gallium-68, and Other Radionuclides
by Frank Rösch Richard P. BaumThis book is based on contributions presented at the 1st World Congress on Gallium-68 and Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy, which examined recent developments in theranostics - the emerging field of molecular targeting of vectors that can be used for both diagnosis and therapy, when modified accordingly. The focus of this book is on the rapidly developing research into and clinical applications of gallium-68 and other generator-produced PET radionuclides in the personalized diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors and other diseases. In addition, new PET radiopharmaceuticals are considered, and the latest ideas and concepts, presented. Theranostics embodies both molecular and personalized medicine. It is at the cutting edge of medicine, and the contents of this volume will be of interest to chemists, physicians, and investigators dealing with generators, PET radiochemistry, molecular imaging, and radionuclide therapy.
Quantifying the Value of RFID and the EPCglobal Architecture Framework in Logistics
by Dieter UckelmannThe "EPCglobal Architecture Framework" is currently the most accepted technical approach to the Internet of Things and provides a solid foundation for building Business-to-Business information networks based on unique identifications of 'things'. Lately, the vision of the Internet of Things has been extended to a more holistic approach that integrates sensors as well as actuators and includes non-business stakeholders. A detailed look at the current state of the art in research concerning cost and benefit estimations is provided and the limits of Cost Benefit Sharing for RFID-based IT-infrastructures are explained. In this work a market driven evaluation based on sales potential of information is developed. Simple technical means for aggregation of micro values to a billable amount are discussed. The requirements for electronic billing infrastructure are defined and a matching e-billing solutions for an evaluation scenario is presented, providing a technical infrastructure to evaluate and bill product-related information in a future Internet of Things, based on an extended EPCglobal Architecture. Further opportunities and threats are discussed to provide an overview of its future potential. As a result it will contribute to the sustainable success of the Internet of Things itself.
Radiation Oncology
by Gokhan Ozyigit Murat Beyzadeoglu Ugur Selek'Radiation Oncology: MCQs for Exams' (ROME) will cover the essential aspects of radiation physics, radiobiology, and clinical radiation oncology designed to meet the needs of a large scale of examinees. Topics of this new book will be in the order of our previous "Basic Radiation Oncology" (Springer, 2010) with additional two new chapters (Pediatric tumors and Rare tumors-Benign Diseases) making a total of 15 chapters and instead of old style question and answer format,current MCQ examination pattern helpful for both oral exams and written exams is used in this comprehensive bedside recall book complementing the "Basic Radiation Oncology"1st Edition.
Classical Field Theory: On Electrodynamics, Non-Abelian Gauge Theories and Gravitation (Graduate Texts in Physics)
by Florian ScheckThe book describes Maxwell's equations first in their integral, directly testable form, then moves on to their local formulation. The first two chapters cover all essential properties of Maxwell's equations, including their symmetries and their covariance in a modern notation. Chapter 3 is devoted to Maxwell theory as a classical field theory and to solutions of the wave equation. Chapter 4 deals with important applications of Maxwell theory. It includes topical subjects such as metamaterials with negative refraction index and solutions of Helmholtz' equation in paraxial approximation relevant for the description of laser beams. Chapter 5 describes non-Abelian gauge theories from a classical, geometric point of view, in analogy to Maxwell theory as a prototype, and culminates in an application to the U(2) theory relevant for electroweak interactions. The last chapter 6 gives a concise summary of semi-Riemannian geometry as the framework for the classical field theory of gravitation. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the Schwarzschild solution of Einstein's equations and the classical tests of general relativity (perihelion precession of Mercury, and light deflection by the sun). ------ Textbook features: detailed figures, worked examples, problems and solutions, boxed inserts, highlighted special topics, highlighted important math etc., helpful summaries, appendix, index.
Dienstleistungsengineering und -management
by Jan Marco LeimeisterDas Lehrbuch vermittelt Grundlagen, Prozesse und Methoden für die systematische Entwicklung neuer Dienstleistungen und für deren Management. Der aktuelle Stand in Forschung und Praxis wurde für den Band lerngerecht aufbereitet. Studierende wie Praktiker bekommen die notwendigen Werkzeuge an die Hand, um Dienstleistungen systematisch zu gestalten und effizient zu erbringen. Ein Schwerpunkt ist der Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Das Buch enthält zahlreiche Fallbeispiele sowie Lernziele und Übungsfragen zu jedem Kapitel.