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Microreactors in Preparative Chemistry
by Wladimir ReschetilowskiThis is the first book in the field to focus on these aspects, providing extremely valuable information unavailable elsewhere for anyone seeking the practical application of microreactor technology in preparative chemistry.The topics covered branch out in three different directions. To begin with, the knowledge necessary for the preparative chemistry concerning the influence of the so-called microeffects on the reaction procedure and on mass and heat transfer as well as the surface phenomena are provided in detail. Next, practical aspects of the synthesis of various basic chemicals and fine chemicals, polymers, bioproducts and nanoparticles are discussed, including important advice for both the researcher and industrial chemist. Finally, reaction examples in microreactors whose reaction guidance are best understood are given together with universally applicable correlations as well as modeling approaches and transfer potential on related reaction systems.With its specific instructions, tips and experimental procedures for product syntheses as well as the inclusion of both the technical and theoretical background this is a must-have for beginners and experts alike working in this emerging field.
Antimicrobial Peptides
by David A. Phoenix Frederick Harris Sarah R. DennisonIn this text, the small team of expert authors presents the field in a comprehensive and accessible manner that is well suited for students and junior researchers.The result is a highly readable and systematically structured introduction to antimicrobial peptides, their structure, biological function and mode of action. The authors point the way towards a rational design of this potentially highly effective new class of clinical antibiotics on the brink of industrial application. They do this by discussing their design principles, target membranes and structure-activity relationships. The final part of the book describes recent successes in the application of peptides as anticancer agents.
Microstructural Design of Advanced Engineering Materials
by Dmitri A. MolodovThe choice of a material for a certain application is made taking into account its properties. If, for example one would like to produce a table, a hard material is needed to guarantee the stability of the product, but the material should not be too hard so that manufacturing is still as easy as possible - in this simple example wood might be the material of choice. When coming to more advanced applications the required properties are becoming more complex and the manufacturer`s desire is to tailor the properties of the material to fit the needs. To let this dream come true, insights into the microstructure of materials is crucial to finally control the properties of the materials because the microstructure determines its properties.Written by leading scientists in the field of microstructural design of engineering materials, this book focuses on the evolution and behavior of granular microstructures of various advanced materials during plastic deformation and treatment at elevated temperatures. These topics provide essential background and practical information for materials scientists, metallurgists and solid state physicists.
Coherent Laser Beam Combining
by Arnaud BrignonLaser beam combining techniques allow increasing the power of lasers far beyond what it is possible to obtain from a single conventional laser.One step further, coherent beam combining (CBC) also helps to maintain the very unique properties of the laser emission with respect to its spectral and spatial properties. Such lasers are of major interest for many applications, including industrial, environmental, defense, andscientific applications. Recently, significant progress has beenmade in coherent beam combining lasers, with a total output power of 100 kW already achieved. Scalinganalysis indicates that further increase of output power with excellent beam quality is feasible by using existing state-of-the-art lasers. Thus, the knowledge of coherent beam combining techniques will become crucial for the design of next-generation highpower lasers. The purpose of this book is to present the more recent concepts of coherent beam combining by world leader teams in the field.
Disordered Pharmaceutical Materials
by Marc DescampsA one-stop resource for researchers and developers, this handbook and ready reference provides detailed, but not overloaded information -- presenting the topic without unnecessarily complex formalism. As such, it gives a systematic and coherent overview of disordered materials for pharmaceutical applications, covering fundamental aspects, preparation and characterization techniques as well as molecular modeling approaches for the target-oriented development of drug delivery systems based on amorphous solids. Chapters on the challenges of using these materials in large-scale processes in the pharmaceutical industry and on patenting issues round off the book. For pharmaceutical and medicinal chemists, materials scientists, clinical physicists, and pharmaceutical laboratories looking to make better and more potent pharmaceuticals.
Industrial High Pressure Applications: Processes, Equipment, and Safety
by Rudolf EggersIndustrial high pressure processes open the door to many reactions that are not possible under 'normal' conditions. These are to be found in such different areas as polymerization, catalytic reactions, separations, oil and gas recovery, food processing, biocatalysis and more. The most famous high pressure process is the so-called Haber-Bosch process used for fertilizers and which was awarded a Nobel prize. Following an introduction on historical development, the current state, and future trends, this timely and comprehensive publication goes on to describe different industrial processes, including methanol and other catalytic syntheses, polymerization and renewable energy processes, before covering safety and equipment issues. With its excellent choice of industrial contributions, this handbook offers high quality information not found elsewhere, making it invaluable reading for a broad and interdisciplinary audience.
Complex-shaped Metal Nanoparticles
by Tapan K. Sau Andrey L. RogachThe past few years have witnessed the development of non-spherical metal nanoparticles with complex morphologies, which offer tremendous potential in materials science, chemistry, physics and medicine.Covering all important aspects and techniques of preparation and characterization of metal nanoparticles with controlled morphology and architecture, this book provides a sound overview - from the basics right up to recent developments. Renowned research scientists from all over the world present the existing knowledge in the field, covering theory and modeling, synthesis and properties of these nanomaterials. By emphasizing the underlying concepts and principles in detail, this book enables researchers to fully recognize the future research scope and the application potential of the complex-shaped metal nanoparticles, inspiring further research in this field.Reviews"Complex-shaped Metal Nanoparticles: Bottom-Up Syntheses and Applications is an extremely useful reference, whether the reader is interested in synthesis, application or theory ofcomplex-shaped nanoparticles." From Platninum Metal Reviews
Isocyanide Chemistry
by V. NenajdenkoThe efficacy of isocyanide reactions in the synthesis of natural or naturallike products has resulted in a renaissance of isocyanide chemistry. Now isocyanides are widely used in different branches of organic, inorganic, coordination, combinatorial and medicinal chemistry.This invaluable reference is the only book to cover the topic in such depth, presenting all aspects of synthetic isonitrile chemistry. The highlyexperienced and internationally renowned editor has brought together an equally distinguished team of authors who cover multicomponentreactions, isonitriles in total synthesis, isonitriles in polymer chemistry and much more.
Handbook of Paper and Board
by Herbert HolikPapermaking is a fascinating art and technology. The second edition of this successful handbook provides a comprehensive view on the technical, economic, ecologic and social background of paper and board. It has been updated, revised and largely extended in depth and width including the further use of paper and board in converting and printing. A wide knowledge basis is a prerequisite in evaluating and optimizing the whole process chain to ensure efficient paper and board production. The same is true in their application and end use.The 2 Volume Set covers a wide range of topics:Raw materials required for paper and board manufacturing such as fibers, chemical additives and fillersProcesses and machinery applied to prepare the stock and to produce the various paper and board grades including automation and trouble shootingPaper converting and printing processes, book preservationThe different paper and board grades as well as testing and analysing fiber suspensions, paper and board products, and converted or printed mattersEnvironmental and energy factors as well as safety aspectsThe handbook provides professionals in the field, e. g. papermakers as well as converters and printers, laymen, students, politicians and other interested people with the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the state-of- the-art techniques and aspects involved in paper making, converting and printing.From the reviews of the previous edition:"...excellent and easily accessible to the non-engineer and... the general reader." -CHOICE"...a one-of-a-kind text on paper production-a selection observed for its crisp and sharp efficiency." -Electric Review
Handbook of Biopolymer-Based Materials
by Sabu Thomas P. Jyotishkumar Christophe Chassenieux Dominique DurandThis first systematic scientific reference in the area of micro- and nanostructured biopolymer systems discusses in two volumes the morphology, structure, dynamics, properties and applications of all important biopolymers, as well as their blends, composites, interpenetrating networks and gels.Selected leading researchers from industry, academia, government and private research institutions around the globe comprehensively review recent accomplishments in the field. They examine the current state of the art, new challenges, and opportunities, discussing allthe synthetic routes to the generation of both micro- and nano-morphologies, as well as the synthesis, characterization and application of porous biopolymers.An outstanding resource for anyone involved in the fi eld of eco-friendly biomaterials for advanced technologies.
Industrial Moisture and Humidity Measurement
by Jan Wernecke Roland WerneckeMoisture analysis covers a variety of methods for measuring high levels of moisture, as well as trace amounts, in solids, liquids, or gases. There are many applications where trace moisture measurements are indispensable for manufacturing and for process quality assurance. Trace moisture in solids must be controlled for plastics, pharmaceuticals and heat treatment processes. Measurement applications in gases and liquids include, for example, drying processes, hydrocarbon processing, pure gases in the semiconductor industry, natural gas pipeline transport, the conditioning of food and other products.Written by experts with over 20 years of experience in the field, this one-stop guide covers all aspects of these measurements, including both the theory and a wealth of practical know-how. As such, it includes guidelines on installation, on the realization of standards for absolute and relative humidity, verification and traceability measurements, equipment calibration methods and the latest research developments.Backed by numerous case studies, this practical book serves the needs of those working in the industry tasked with performing or developing new techniques and processes for moisture and humidity measurement. As a result, the scientist or engineer has all the information required for accurate, reliable, economically viable and efficient moisture measurement.
Polymer Composites, Nanocomposites
by Sabu Thomas S. K. Malhotra Kuruvilla Joseph M. S. Sreekala Koichi GodaPolymer composites are materials in which the matrix polymer is reinforced with organic/inorganic fillers of a definite size and shape, leading to enhanced performance of the resultant composite. These materials find a wide number of applications in such diverse fields as geotextiles, building, electronics, medical, packaging, and automobiles. This first systematic reference on the topic emphasizes the characteristics and dimension of this reinforcement. The authors are leading researchers in the field from academia, government, industry, as well as private research institutions across the globe, and adopt a practical approach here, covering such aspects as the preparation, characterization, properties and theory of polymer composites. The book begins by discussing the state of the art, new challenges, and opportunities of various polymer composite systems. Interfacial characterization of the composites is discussed in detail, as is the macro- and micromechanics of the composites. Structure-property relationships in various composite systems are explained with the help of theoretical models, while processing techniques for various macro- to nanocomposite systems and the influence of processing parameters on the properties of the composite are reviewed in detail. The characterization of microstructure, elastic, viscoelastic, static and dynamic mechanical, thermal, tribological, rheological, optical, electrical and barrier properties are highlighted, as well as their myriad applications. Divided into three volumes: Vol. 1. Macro- and Microcomposites; Vol. 2. Nanocomposites; and Vol. 3. Biocomposites.
Biomimetic Approaches for Biomaterials Development
by Joao F. ManoBiomimetics, in general terms, aims at understanding biological principles and applying them for the development of man-made toolsand technologies. This approach is particularly important for the purposeful design of passive as well as functional biomaterials that mimicphysicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of natural materials, making them suitable, for example, for biomedical devices oras scaffolds for tissue regeneration.The book comprehensively covers biomimetic approaches to the development of biomaterials, including: an overview of naturally occurringor nature inspired biomaterials; an in-depth treatment of the surface aspects pivotal for the functionality; synthesis and self-assemblymethods to prepare devices to be used in mineralized tissues such as bone and teeth; and preparation of biomaterials for the controlled/sustained release of bioactive agents. The last part reviews the applications of bioinspired materials and principles of design in regenerativemedicine such as in-situ grown bone or cartilage as well as the biomimetic techniques for soft tissue engineering.The comprehensive scope of this book makes it a must-have addition to the bookshelf of everyone in the fields of Materials Science/Engineering, Nanotechnologies / Nanosciences, Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering.
Wissenschaft kommunizieren: Ein Handbuch mit vielen praktischen Beispielen
by Carsten KönnekerDas Buch ist eine systematische Einführung in die Praxis guter Wissenschaftskommunikation. Anhand zahlreicher Beispiele erklärt es, wie Wissenschaftler, Öffentlichkeitsarbeiter und Journalisten unterschiedliche Zielgruppen über Forschung informieren können und dabei die wichtigsten medialen Formate nutzen: Meldungen, Artikel, Kommentare, Vorträge, Interviews, soziale Netzwerke, Weblogs usw. Aus dem Inhalt: - Allgemeine Regeln für gutes Formulieren - Praxis guter Wissenschaftskommunikation: Überschrift, Vorspann, Bildunterschrift, Metaphern usw. - Spezielle mediale Formen: Meldungen, Kommentare, Rezensionen, Vorträge, Interviews usw. - Wissenschaftskommunikation per Internet: Blogs, soziale Netzwerke, die persönliche Webseite - Ausblick: 10 Thesen zur Zukunft der Wissenschaftskommunikation
In-situ Electron Microscopy
by Gerhard Dehm James M. Howe Josef ZweckAdopting a didactical approach from fundamentals to actual experiments and applications, this handbook and ready reference coversreal-time observations using modern scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while also providing informationon the required stages and samples. The text begins with introductory material and the basics, before describing advancements and applications in dynamic transmission electron microscopy and reflection electron microscopy. Subsequently, the techniques needed to determine growth processes, chemical reactions and oxidation, irradiation effects, mechanical, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties as well as cathodoluminiscence and electromigration are discussed.
Bakterien rüsten auf: EHEC & MRSA
by Gerhard GottschalkEin bemerkenswertes Büchlein; flott zu lesen, hochaktuell und trotzdem unterhaltsam. Gerhard Gottschalk, einer der prominentesten zeitgenössischen Mikrobiologen erklärt hier die Hintergründe der EHEC und MRSA Epidemien. Trotz des ernsten Themas liest sich das Buch leicht und man spürt keinen erhobenen Zeigefinger. Dafür lernt man erstaunliches, z.B. dass das EHEC zu Grunde liegende -harmlose- Darmbakterium Escherichia Coli schon sehr lange auf der Erde existiert und ein vielfaches länger in den Gedärmen von Dinosauriern als denen von Menschen hauste. Auch über MRSA, ein Bakterium mit dem mittlerweile eine erschreckend hohe Anzahl von Patienten in Kliniken konfrontiert wird, erfährt der Leser einiges, vor allem wie sich dieser ursprünglich ebenfalls relativ harmlose Keim zu so einem gefährlichen Dauerbewohner in vielen Krankenhäusern entwickeln konnte, und warum wir solche Schwierigkeiten haben, das Problem in den Griff zu bekommen. Last but not least ist dieses Buch ein schönes Beispiel dafür, dass Evolution kein abstrakter Vorgang in ferner Vergangenheit ist, sondern 'live` unser alltägliches Leben tiefgreifender beeinflussen kann als uns das zuweilen lieb ist.
Magnetoseismology
by Frederick W. Menk Colin L. WatersThis book provides a comprehensive account of magnetoseismology - the tool to monitor space weather. Written by researcher on the forefront of this field, it conveys the physics behind the phenomena and the methods to detect and investigate them, the relevance to communication, power supply and many other critical systems. In addition, it provides computational codes for analysis and evaluation.
Superconductivity in Nanowires: Fabrication and Quantum Transport
by Alexey BezryadinThe importance and actuality of nanotechnology is unabated and will be for years to come. <P><P>A main challenge is to understand the various properties of certain nanostructures, and how to generate structures with specific properties for use in actual applications in Electrical Engineering and Medicine.One of the most important structures are nanowires, in particular superconducting ones. They are highly promising for future electronics, transporting current without resistance and at scales of a few nanometers. To fabricate wires to certain defined standards however, is a major challenge, and so is the investigation and understanding of these properties in the first place. A promising approach is to use carbon nanotubes as well as DNA structures as templates.Many fundamental theoretical questions are still unanswered, e.g. related to the role of quantum fluctuations. This work is tackling them and provides a detailed analysis of the transport properties of such ultrathin wires. It presents an account of theoretical models, charge transport experiments, and also conveys the latest experimental findings regarding fabrication, measurements, and theoretical analysis. In particular, it is the only available resource for the approach of using DNA and carbon nanotubes for nanowire fabrication.It is intended for graduate students and young researchers interested in nanoscale superconductivity. The readers are assumed to have knowledge of the basics of quantum mechanics and superconductivity.
Linear and Nonlinear Rotordynamics: A Modern Treatment with Applications (Wiley Series In Nonlinear Science Ser. #Vol. 11)
by Yukio Ishida Toshio YamamotoA wide-ranging treatment of fundamental rotordynamics in order to serve engineers with the necessary knowledge to eliminate various vibration problems. New to this edition are three chapters on highly significant topics: Vibration Suppression - The chapter presents various methods and is a helpful guidance for professional engineers. Magnetic Bearings - The chapter provides fundamental knowledge and enables the reader to realize simple magnetic bearings in the laboratory. Some Practical Rotor Systems - The chapter explains various vibration characteristics of steam turbines and wind turbines. The contents of other chapters on Balancing, Vibrations due to Mechanical Elements, and Cracked Rotors are added to and revised extensively. The authors provide a classification of rotating shaft systems and general coverage of key ideas common to all branches of rotordynamics. They offers a unique analysis of dynamical problems, such as nonlinear rotordynamics, self-excited vibration, nonstationary vibration, and flow-induced oscillations. Nonlinear resonances are discussed in detail, as well as methods for shaft stability and various theoretical derivations and computational methods for analyzing rotors to determine and correct vibrations. This edition also includes case studies and problems.
Celestial Dynamics
by Rudolf Dvorak Christoph LhotkaWritten by an internationally renowned expert author and researcher, this monograph fills the need for a book conveying the sophisticated tools needed to calculate exo-planet motion and interplanetary space flight. It is unique in considering the critical problems of dynamics and stability, making use of the software Mathematica, including supplements for practical use of the formulae.A must-have for astronomers and applied mathematicians alike.
Handbook of Ultra-Wideband Short-Range Sensing
by Jürgen SachsRanging from the theoretical basis of UWB sensors via implementation issues to applications, this much-needed book bridges the gap between designers and appliers working in civil engineering, biotechnology, medical engineering, robotic, mechanical engineering, safety and homeland security.From the contents:* History* Signal and systems in time and frequency domain* Propagation of electromagnetic waves (in frequency and time domain)* UWB-Principles* UWB-antennas and applicators* Data processing* Applications
Electron Transfer: Mechanisms and Applications
by Shunichi FukuzumiWritten by one of the top scientists in this field, this is a systematic overview of the fundamental concepts and powerful applications. The author presents the central theories and mechanisms in electron transfer, followed by several systems in nature where this is important, while also covering modern green applications. An invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working in this field in academia and industry.
Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds: A Comprehensive Handbook in Four Volumes
by Matthias Beller Boy Cornils Wolfgang A. Herrmann Rocco PacielloHomogeneous catalysis is the success story of organometallic chemistry. Since the discovery of hydroformylation by O. Roelen in 1938, catalytic applications have paved the way of organometallic compounds in industry. Bulk and fine chemicals, and even natural products are being produced via homogeneous organometallic catalysis. The enormous breadth of this topic in view of both basic research and industrial application is met in this three volume handbook edited jointly by W. A. Herrmann and B. Cornils. The list of contributors reads like a who-is-who in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. In this handbook, experts will find the current state-of-the-art in their field and advanced students will benefit from the concise treatment of important catalytic reactions and processes. With its balanced presentation of the truly interdisciplinary topic and its outstanding editor- and authorship, the 'Cornils/Herrmann' is beyond common standards. Now in its second, completely revised and enlarged edition!
Corrosion of Steel in Concrete
by Rob B. Polder Elena Redaelli Bernhard Elsener Luca Bertolini Pietro PedeferriSteel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement.The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon,moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concretestructures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides,problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents withrecent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. Thisbook is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.
Handbook of Ion Chromatography 3 Volume Set
by Joachim Weis Oleg ShpigunAuthored by the true pioneer of this method, this two-volume handbook is the standard reference in the field, unparalleled in its comprehensiveness. As such, it covers every conceivable topic related to the expanding and increasingly important field of ion chromatography. This fourth edition is completely updated and revised to include the latest developments in the instrumentation, with Volume 2 completely rewritten to reflect the current state of applications. Approximately 30% new material.