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Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry: A Textbook
by Kurt FaberThe use of biocatalysts, employed either as isolated enzymes or whole microbial cells, offers a remarkable arsenal of highly selective transformations for state-of-the-art synthetic organic chemistry. Over the last two decades, this methodology has become an indispensable tool for asymmetric synthesis, not only at the academic level, but also on an industrial scale. This well-established textbook on biocatalysis provides a basis for undergraduate and graduate courses in modern organic chemistry, as well as a condensed introduction into this field. After a basic introduction into the use of biocatalysts--principles of stereoselective transformations, enzyme properties and kinetics--the different types of reactions are explained according to the 'reaction principle', such as hydrolysis, reduction, oxidation, C-C bond formation, etc. Special techniques, such as the use of enzymes in organic solvents, immobilization techniques and modified or artificial enzymes, are treated in a separate section. A final chapter deals with thebasic rules for the safe and practical handling of biocatalysts. In this completely revised 6th edition, emphasis has been given to an improved didactic style including colored graphics in order to facilitate a deeper understanding of the underlying principles. New developments, such as transamination, enzyme promiscuity and applications on industrial scale within the field of 'white biotechnology' are included.
Electrodynamics
by Masud Chaichian Anca Tureanu Ioan Merches Daniel RaduThis book is devoted to the fundamentals of Classical Electrodynamics, one of the most beautiful and productive theories in physics. A general survey on the applicability of physical theories shows that only few theories can be compared to Electrodynamics. Essentially, all electric and electronic devices used around the World are based on the Theory of Electromagnetism. It was Maxwell who created, for the first time, a unified description of the electric and magnetic phenomena in his electromagnetic field theory. Remarkably, Maxwell's theory contained in itself also the relativistic invariance of the Special Relativity, a fact which was discovered only a few decades later. The present book is an outcome of the authors' teaching experience over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics. The book is intended for students at the level of undergraduate and graduate studies in physics, astronomy, engineering, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects. We hope that the reader will not only acquire knowledge, but will also grasp the beauty of Theoretical Physics. A set of about 130 solved and proposed problems shall help to attain this aim.
Schuldrecht Besonderer Teil
by Stefan GreinerIn dem Lehrbuch sind die vertraglichen Schuldverhältnisse so aufbereitet, dass Leser Zusammenhänge herstellen und Hintergründe erkennen können. Schwerpunkte sind das Kauf- und Werkvertragsrecht, wobei ein besonderes Augenmerk den Verknüpfungen mit dem allgemeinen Schuldrecht gilt. Klausur- und examensrelevante Probleme werden kompakt dargestellt und durch zahlreiche anschauliche Fallbeispiele und schematische Übersichten ergänzt. Zentrale Aussagen und wichtige Querverweise sind optisch hervorgehoben.
Cellulose Fibers: Green Chemistry and Technology
by Susheel Kalia B. S. Kaith Inderjeet KaurBecause we are living in an era of Green Science and Technology, developments in the field of bio- and nano- polymer composite materials for advanced structural and medical applications is a rapidly emerging area and the subject of scientific attention. In light of the continuously deteriorating environmental conditions, researchers all over the world have focused an enormous amount of scientific research towards bio-based materials because of their cost effectiveness, eco-friendliness and renewability. This handbook deals with cellulose fibers and nano-fibers and covers the latest advances in bio- and nano- polymer composite materials. This rapidly expanding field is generating many exciting new materials with novel properties and promises to yield advanced applications in diverse fields. This book reviews vital issues and topics and will be of interest to academicians, research scholars, polymer engineers and researchers in industries working in the subject area. It will also be a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students at institutes of plastic engineering and other technical institutes.
Cryptography in Constant Parallel Time (Information Security and Cryptography)
by Benny ApplebaumLocally computable (NC0) functions are "simple" functions for which every bit of the output can be computed by reading a small number of bits of their input. The study of locally computable cryptography attempts to construct cryptographic functions that achieve this strong notion of simplicity and simultaneously provide a high level of security. Such constructions are highly parallelizable and they can be realized by Boolean circuits of constant depth. This book establishes, for the first time, the possibility of local implementations for many basic cryptographic primitives such as one-way functions, pseudorandom generators, encryption schemes and digital signatures. It also extends these results to other stronger notions of locality, and addresses a wide variety of fundamental questions about local cryptography. The author's related thesis was honorably mentioned (runner-up) for the ACM Dissertation Award in 2007, and this book includes some expanded sections and proofs, and notes on recent developments. The book assumes only a minimal background in computational complexity and cryptography and is therefore suitable for graduate students or researchers in related areas who are interested in parallel cryptography. It also introduces general techniques and tools which are likely to interest experts in the area.
Alternatives to Imprisonment in England and Wales, Germany and Turkey: A Comparative Study
by Öznur SevdirenThe book focuses on one of the most problematic areas of Turkish penal justice: the overreliance on custodial measures and a corresponding growth in the prison population, and compares Turkey with two major European countries in this respect: England and Wales and Germany. The underlying question throughout the study is the extent to which prison alternatives can be seen as genuine alternatives to immediate custodial sentences.
Self-organising Software
by Marie-Pierre Gleizes Anthony Karageorgos Giovanna Di Marzo SerugendoSelf-organisation, self-regulation, self-repair and self-maintenance are promising conceptual approaches for dealing with complex distributed interactive software and information-handling systems. Self-organising applications dynamically change their functionality and structure without direct user intervention, responding to changes in requirements and the environment. This is the first book to offer an integrated view of self-organisation technologies applied to distributed systems, particularly focusing on multiagent systems. The editors developed this integrated book with three aims: to explain self-organisation concepts and principles, using clear definitions and a strong theoretical background; to examine how self-organising behaviour can be modelled, analysed and systematically engineered into agent behaviour; and to assess the types of problems that can be solved using self-organising multiagent systems. The book comprises chapters covering all three dimensions, synthesising up-to-date research work and the latest technologies and applications. The book offers dedicated chapters on concepts such as self-organisation, emergence in natural systems, software agents, stigmergy, gossip, cooperation and immune systems. The book then explains how to engineer artificial self-organising software, in particular it examines methodologies and middleware infrastructures. Finally, the book presents diverse applications of self-organising software, such as constraint satisfaction, trust management, image recognition and networking. The book will be of interest to researchers working on emergent phenomena and adaptive systems. It will also be suitable for use as a graduate textbook, with chapter summaries and exercises, and an accompanying website that includes teaching slides, exercise solutions and research project outlines. Self-organisation, self-regulation, self-repair and self-maintenance are promising conceptual approaches for dealing with complex distributed interactive software and information-handling systems. Self-organising applications dynamically change their functionality and structure without direct user intervention, responding to changes in requirements and the environment. This is the first book to offer an integrated view of self-organisation technologies applied to distributed systems, particularly focusing on multiagent systems. The editors developed this integrated book with three aims: to explain self-organisation concepts and principles, using clear definitions and a strong theoretical background; to examine how self-organising behaviour can be modelled, analysed and systematically engineered into agent behaviour; and to assess the types of problems that can be solved using self-organising multiagent systems. The book comprises chapters covering all three dimensions, synthesising up-to-date research work and the latest technologies and applications. The book offers dedicated chapters on concepts such as self-organisation, emergence in natural systems, software agents, stigmergy, gossip, cooperation and immune systems. The book then explains how to engineer artificial self-organising software, in particular it examines methodologies and middleware infrastructures. Finally, the book presents diverse applications of self-organising software, such as constraint satisfaction, trust management, image recognition and networking. The book will be of interest to researchers working on emergent phenomena and adaptive systems. It will also be suitable for use as a graduate textbook, with chapter summaries and exercises, and an accompanying website that includes teaching slides, exercise solutions and research project outlines.
Securing Digital Video: Techniques for DRM and Content Protection
by Eric DiehlContent protection and digital rights management (DRM) are fields that receive a lot of attention: content owners require systems that protect and maximize their revenues; consumers want backwards compatibility, while they fear that content owners will spy on their viewing habits; and academics are afraid that DRM may be a barrier to knowledge sharing. DRM technologies have a poor reputation and are not yet trusted. This book describes the key aspects of content protection and DRM systems, the objective being to demystify the technology and techniques. In the first part of the book, the author builds the foundations, with sections that cover the rationale for protecting digital video content; video piracy; current toolboxes that employ cryptography, watermarking, tamper resistance, and rights expression languages; different ways to model video content protection; and DRM. In the second part, he describes the main existing deployed solutions, including video ecosystems; how video is protected in broadcasting; descriptions of DRM systems, such as Microsoft's DRM and Apple's FairPlay; techniques for protecting prerecorded content distributed using DVDs or Blu-ray; and future methods used to protect content within the home network. The final part of the book looks towards future research topics, and the key problem of interoperability. While the book focuses on protecting video content, the DRM principles and technologies described are also used to protect many other types of content, such as ebooks, documents and games. The book will be of value to industrial researchers and engineers developing related technologies, academics and students in information security, cryptography and media systems, and engaged consumers.
Analyzing Evolutionary Algorithms: The Computer Science Perspective (Natural Computing Series)
by Thomas JansenEvolutionary algorithms is a class of randomized heuristics inspired by natural evolution. They are applied in many different contexts, in particular in optimization, and analysis of such algorithms has seen tremendous advances in recent years. In this book the author provides an introduction to the methods used to analyze evolutionary algorithms and other randomized search heuristics. He starts with an algorithmic and modular perspective and gives guidelines for the design of evolutionary algorithms. He then places the approach in the broader research context with a chapter on theoretical perspectives. By adopting a complexity-theoretical perspective, he derives general limitations for black-box optimization, yielding lower bounds on the performance of evolutionary algorithms, and then develops general methods for deriving upper and lower bounds step by step. This main part is followed by a chapter covering practical applications of these methods. The notational and mathematical basics are covered in an appendix, the results presented are derived in detail, and each chapter ends with detailed comments and pointers to further reading. So the book is a useful reference for both graduate students and researchers engaged with the theoretical analysis of such algorithms.
Fault-Tolerant Search Algorithms
by Ferdinando CicaleseWhy a book on fault-tolerant search algorithms? Searching is one of the fundamental problems in computer science. Time and again algorithmic and combinatorial issues originally studied in the context of search find application in the most diverse areas of computer science and discrete mathematics. On the other hand, fault-tolerance is a necessary ingredient of computing. Due to their inherent complexity, information systems are naturally prone to errors, which may appear at any level - as imprecisions in the data, bugs in the software, or transient or permanent hardware failures. This book provides a concise, rigorous and up-to-date account of different approaches to fault-tolerance in the context of algorithmic search theory. Thanks to their basic structure, search problems offer insights into how fault-tolerant techniques may be applied in various scenarios. In the first part of the book, a paradigmatic model for fault-tolerant search is presented, the Ulam--Rényi problem. Following a didactic approach, the author takes the reader on a tour of Ulam--Rényi problem variants of increasing complexity. In the context of this basic model, fundamental combinatorial and algorithmic issues in the design of fault-tolerant search procedures are discussed. The algorithmic efficiency achievable is analyzed with respect to the statistical nature of the error sources, and the amount of information on which the search algorithm bases its decisions. In the second part of the book, more general models of faults and fault-tolerance are considered. Special attention is given to the application of fault-tolerant search procedures to specific problems in distributed computing, bioinformatics and computational learning. This book will be of special value to researchers from the areas of combinatorial search and fault-tolerant computation, but also to researchers in learning and coding theory, databases, and artificial intelligence. Only basic training in discrete mathematics is assumed. Parts of the book can be used as the basis for specialized graduate courses on combinatorial search, or as supporting material for a graduate or undergraduate course on error-correcting codes.
Dubbel: Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau
by Karl-Heinrich Grote and Jörg FeldhusenDas Standardwerk für Maschinenbauer in Lehre und Praxis wird laufend auf den neuesten Stand der Technik gebracht. Für die 23. Auflage wurden alle Kapitel aktualisiert und folgende Abschnitte grundlegend überarbeitet oder neu geschrieben: Automobiltechnik, Maschinendynamik und adaptronische Systeme, Urformtechnik, Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz, Energietechnik und -wirtschaft, elektronische Datenverarbeitung, Qualitätsmanagement, thermischer Apparatebau, Elektrotechnik. Teil A (Mathematik) ist unter www.dubbel.de abrufbar.
Experimentalphysik 6: Elektrizität, Magnetismus Physik
by Martin Erdmann Günter FlüggeUm Naturvorgänge beobachten, erklären und vorherzusagen zu können, ist die Physik auf fundierte Kenntnisse der experimentellen Methoden, der Interpretation von Messungen und der physikalischen Konzepte angewiesen. Diese werden auf Basis der Mathematik entwickelt. Der Autor vermittelt Physik-Studierenden im Bachelor-Studium die wesentlichen Konzepte und die experimentellen Methoden zu deren Überprüfung. Studierende sollen lernen, die entsprechenden mathematischen Berechnungen anzustellen. Mit Beispielen, Aufgaben und Beschreibungen von Experimenten.
Ways Out of the Working Capital Trap: Empowering Self-Financing Growth Through Modern Supply Management
by Erik Hofmann Daniel Maucher Sabrina Piesker Philipp RichterEspecially in times of an economic boom following a crisis, companies have to deal with the phenomenon of the "working capital trap," which signifies a company's increasing need for financial liquidity in times of hindered access to debt capital, caused by the increasingly restrictive credit approval processes of financial institutions. As a consequence of cost savings, this situation is often reinforced by a low level of inventory. This book takes up the problem and shows ways of escaping the "trap" by identifying and strengthening in-house financing potential. First, different operating ratios will be introduced. These refer to the amount of capital committed to the flow of goods and to the amount of in-house financing possible. Subsequently, methods for consolidating in-house financing that are affected by procurement processes will be presented from the company's and the supply chain's perspective. From a company's perspective, the methods for consolidating the amount of in-house financing over the following topics: The Management of Payment Terms, Inventory Management and Product Group and Supplier Management From the supply chain's perspective, the following methods for extending the possible amount of in-house financing will be discussed: Finance-Oriented Supply Chain Sourcing, Supply Chain-Oriented Supplier Financing, Collaborative Cash-to-Cash Management, Collaborative Cash Pooling and Netting, Supply Chain Financing Platforms. The conceptual models will be clarified using a practical example from the automobile industry. Finally, the "Procurement Value Added" (PVA©) approach will be presented, a concept that measures the contribution of procurement to the company's success.
Medienstrafrecht
by Wolfgang MitschDas erste Lehrbuch zum Medienstrafrecht bietet einen Überblick über das auf viele Einzelgebiete verstreute juristische Querschnittsgebiet. Behandelt werden die Rechtsbereiche materielles Strafrecht (Allgemeiner und Besonderer Teil), Strafprozessrecht sowie strafrechtliche Nebengebiete (Ordnungswidrigkeitenrecht, Strafvollzug, Kriminologie), soweit sie Bezüge zu den Medien haben. Das Buch basiert auf der mehrjährigen Lehr- und Prüfungserfahrung des Autors im Fach Medienstrafrecht.
Handbook of Computational Finance
by Wolfgang Karl Härdle James E. Gentle Jin-Chuan DuanAny financial asset that is openly traded has a market price. Except for extreme market conditions, market price may be more or less than a "fair" value. Fair value is likely to be some complicated function of the current intrinsic value of tangible or intangible assets underlying the claim and our assessment of the characteristics of the underlying assets with respect to the expected rate of growth, future dividends, volatility, and other relevant market factors. Some of these factors that affect the price can be measured at the time of a transaction with reasonably high accuracy. Most factors, however, relate to expectations about the future and to subjective issues, such as current management, corporate policies and market environment, that could affect the future financial performance of the underlying assets. Models are thus needed to describe the stochastic factors and environment, and their implementations inevitably require computational finance tools.
Mechanics
by Masud Chaichian Anca Tureanu Ioan MerchesMechanics is one of the oldest and at the same time newest disciplines, in the sense that there are methods and principles developed first in mechanics but now widely used in almost all branches of physics: electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, classical and quantum field theory, special and general theory of relativity, etc. More than that, there are some formalisms like Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approaches, which represent the key stone for the development of the above-mentioned disciplines. During the last 20-25 years, classical mechanics has undergone an important revival associated with the progress in non-linear dynamics, applications of Noether's theorem and the extension of variational principles in various interdisciplinary sciences (for instance, magnetofluid dynamics). Thus, there ought to exist a book concerned with the applied analytical formalism, first developed in the frame of theoretical mechanics, which has proved to be one of the most efficient tools of investigation in the entire arena of science.The present book is an outcome of the authors' teaching experience over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics. The book is intended for students at the level of undergraduate and graduate studies in physics, engineering, astronomy, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects. We hope that the original presentation and the distribution of the topics, the various applications in many branches of physics and the set of more than 100 proposed problems, shall make this book a comprehensive and useful tool for students and researchers. The present book is an outcome of the authors' teaching experience over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics. The book is intended for students at the level of undergraduate and graduate studies in physics, engineering, astronomy, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects. We hope that the original presentation and the distribution of the topics, the various applications in many branches of physics and the set of more than 100 proposed problems, shall make this book a comprehensive and useful tool for students and researchers.
Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis
by Wolfgang Karl Härdle Léopold SimarMost of the observable phenomena in the empirical sciences are of a multivariate nature. In financial studies, assets are observed simultaneously and their joint development is analysed to better understand general risk and to track indices. In medicine recorded observations of subjects in different locations are the basis of reliable diagnoses and medication. In quantitative marketing consumer preferences are collected in order to construct models of consumer behavior. The underlying data structure of these and many other quantitative studies of applied sciences is multivariate. Focusing on applications this book presents the tools and concepts of multivariate data analysis in a way that is understandable for non-mathematicians and practitioners who need to analyze statistical data. The book surveys the basic principles of multivariate statistical data analysis and emphasizes both exploratory and inferential statistics. All chapters have exercises that highlight applications in different fields.The third edition of this book on Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis offers the following new featuresA new Chapter on Regression Models has been addedAll numerical examples have been redone, updated and made reproducible in MATLAB or R, see www.quantlet.org for a repository of quantlets.
Strategies and Communications for Innovations: An Integrative Management View for Companies and Networks
by Michael Hülsmann Nicole PfeffermannThe innovation economy sets new standards for global business and requires efficient innovation management to plan, execute and evaluate innovation activities, establish innovative capability and coordinate resources and capacities for innovation on an intra- and inter-organizational level. Moreover, communication of innovation is one essential impact factor of innovation success due to successful launches of innovations into markets, establishment of stakeholder relationships, and strengthened corporate reputation in the long-run. Consequently, the portfolio of communication activities for innovations has to be mastered by a company or collaborative network equal to the innovation portfolio. Thus, management of innovation and innovation communication on a strategic level play an important role in business nowadays. This new book concentrates on new approaches and methods for strategies and communications for innovations. As one part of the book, integrated perspectives on strategy and communication for innovation intend to bridge the gap between innovation management and communication management. This new book shall contribute to management science and answer current question in business. It provides cutting-edge information and offers a knowledge source for researchers, students, and business representatives who design, implement and manage innovation and innovation communication / marketing of innovation.
The Baltic Sea Basin
by Jan Harff Peer Hoth Svante BjörckThis book reports about the results of a Special Symposium "The Baltic Sea Basin", held on August 11, 2008, within the frame of the 33rd IGC at Oslo, Norway in order to foster the understanding of the Baltic Basin as a unit in terms of genesis, structure, ongoing processes and utilization. It is the first time that in a joint publication, scientists from different disciplines give a comprehensive overview about the Baltic Sea basin in such a general sense. The book will be used not only by students and scientist but also by engineers and decision makers from industry and politics. Summarizing the state of the art in the investigation of the Baltic Sea Basin, but also in the resource utilisation of the basin the book will enhance the development of new monitoring strategies and technical device design including satellite observation methods, the establishment of international research laboratories, innovative topics for interdisciplinary research projects, etc.
How Do Spores Select Where to Settle?
by Matthias HeydtIn this thesis, Matthias Heydt applies digital in-line holography to achieve for the first time a complete three dimensional and real time motion analysis of Ulva zoospores, both in solution and in the vicinity of different surfaces. These results provide previously unknown information about the behavior and mechanism spores use to select a suitable site for settlement. This work gives deeper insight into biofouling algae and stimulates new design strategies for antifouling coatings. Furthermore, the tracking system developed during this research could be used as a new system for assessing the antifouling performance on different surfaces at very early points in time, allowing disentanglement of surface conditioning and interaction of spores with pristine chemistries.
Diabetes - Perspectives in Drug Therapy
by Mathias SchwanstecherThe chapters of this book report cutting-edge research on molecular events in adiposity and type 2 diabetes, thus opening the way for innovative drug-based therapeutic strategies. It addresses all those who wish to keep in touch with recent developments in the field.
Geschäftserfolg in Indien
by Carina B. Friedmann Dirk HoltbrüggeTrotz der rasanten wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung Indiens sollten Unternehmen ein Engagement in dem Land sorgfältig prüfen. Basierend auf langjähriger Beratung und empirischen Studien liefern die Autoren eine Übersicht über die Merkmale des indischen Markts. Sie geben Entscheidungshilfen für Markteintritt und -bearbeitung und Ratschläge, wie Organisation und Personalmanagement sowie die Beziehung zu staatlichen und privaten Akteuren gestaltet werden können. Mit vielen Praxisbeispielen sowie einem umfangreichen Adressteil.
Ethohydraulik
by Beate Adam Boris LehmannUm Fließgewässer den Nutzungsansprüchen des Menschen anzupassen, sind unzählige Baumaßnahmen erforderlich. Um die Auswirkungen wasserbaulicher Aktivitäten auf die in Fließgewässern lebenden Tiere zu untersuchen, wurde die Ethohydraulik entwickelt. Sie beruht auf der Ethologie (Erforschung des Verhaltens von Tieren) und der Hydraulik (Lehre von den bewegten Flüssigkeiten). Die Autoren stellen die Grundlagen dieser Wissenschaftsdisziplin dar und liefern Regeln sowie Grenz- und Bemessungswerte für die wasserbauliche Praxis.
Numerische Strömungssimulation in der Hydrodynamik
by Helmut MartinDer Band liefert eine Einführung in die numerische Strömungssimulation im Bau- und Wasserwesen. Nach einem Überblick über die Methoden werden in Teil 1 Grundlagen und Grundgleichungen der Strömungsmechanik formuliert. In Teil 2 werden ausgewählte Methoden wie die Finite-Element-Methode, das Galerkin-Verfahren, die Finite-Volumen- und Finite-Element-Methode anhand von Beispielen aus der Hydrodynamik erläutert. Vier Programme, mit denen Beispiele im Buch bearbeitet werden können, stehen Lesern unter http://extras.springer.com zur Verfügung.
Performance-Optimierung
by Wolfgang W. OsterhageComputer-Hardware ist heute zwar erschwinglich, dennoch spielt Performance nach wie vor eine wichtige Rolle - auch wegen der Beanspruchung großer Ressourcen bei komplexen Anwendungen. In dem Band werden drei Ebenen unterschieden (Systeme, Anwendungen und Geschäftsprozesse), auf denen sich Optimierungen erzielen und Kostenpotenziale erschließen lassen. Entsprechende Theorien, Messmethoden sowie Lösungsvorschläge zur Umsetzung von Optimierungsmaßnahmen auf der jeweiligen Ebene werden erläutert. Mit Checklisten für Messungen und Optimierungsmaßnahmen.