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Construction Strategies and Techniques for Planned Bridge Replacements in Complex Scenarios
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Başak BektaşState departments of transportation (DOTs) undertake numerous bridge replacements annually. Specific replacements present unique challenges among these projects due to location restrictions, mobility implications, design characteristics, and environmental constraints. NCHRP Synthesis 645: Construction Strategies and Techniques for Planned Bridge Replacements in Complex Scenarios, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents practices and decision-making used by state DOTs for planned bridge replacements in complex scenarios.
Corrosion of Buried Steel at New and In-Service Infrastructure
by Board on Earth Sciences and Resources Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences National Materials and Manufacturing Board Division on Earth and Life Studies Committee on Geological and Geotechnical Engineering Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee on the Corrosion of Buried Steel at New and In-Service InfrastructureSteel is a common component of U.S. infrastructure, but that steel can corrode when buried in soil, rock, or fill. Steel corrosion is estimated to cost the United States 3-4 percent of its gross domestic product every year, and it can lead to infrastructure failure, loss of lives, property, disruption of energy and transportation systems, and damage to the environment. Although the mechanisms of steel corrosion are well understood, limited data on subsurface corrosion and the inability to measure corrosivity directly make accurate corrosion prediction through modeling a challenge. When hazardous levels of corrosion does occur, it is difficult to determine whether the cause was related to site selection, engineering decisions, changes in subsurface conditions, or a combination of these factors. This report explores the state of knowledge and technical issues regarding the corrosion of steel used for earth applications (e.g., for ground stabilization, pipelines, and infrastructure foundations) in unconsolidated earth or rock in different geologic settings. The report summarizes mechanisms of steel corrosion, assesses the state of practice for characterizing factors in the subsurface environment that influence corrosion and corrosion rates, and assesses the efficacy and uncertainties associated with quantitative, field, and laboratory methods for predicting corrosion. The industries and experts most involved with managing buried steel should collaborate to improve multidisciplinary understanding of the processes that drive buried steel corrosion. Developing a common lexicon related to buried steel corrosion, generating new data on corrosion through collaborative long-term experiments, sharing and managing data, and developing new data analytical techniques to inform infrastructure design, construction, and management decisions are key. Industries, experts, and regulators should collaboratively develop decision support systems that guide site characterization and help manage risk. These systems and new data should undergird a common clearinghouse for data on corrosion of buried steel, which will ultimately inform better and more efficient management of buried steel infrastructure, and protect safety and the environment.
Creating Self-Directed Resiliency Plans for General Aviation Airports
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Bridget Smith Airport Cooperative Research Program Mia Held Kim Fabend Mia Stephens Lavanya Desai Alexis Lollar Amanda WittThere are nearly 3,000 general aviation (GA) airports that are important to the communities in which they operate and are key contributors to the successful network of the national airport system. GA airports are uniquely positioned assets in any community, and it is therefore essential for GA staff to understand, predict, and address shocks (such as airplane accidents, severe weather, and utility outages) and stressors (such as employment challenges, aging infrastructure, and climate change impacts) before they happen. ACRP Research Report 263: Creating Self-Directed Resiliency Plans for General Aviation Airports, from TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program, is a guide and toolkit that prepares GA airports to respond to, adapt to, and recover from all varieties of stressors and shocks while maintaining operations. Supplemental to the report are a flyer, an overview PowerPoint, and a set of associated tools and templates.
Creating a Handbook for Successful No-Effect and No-Adverse-Effect Section 106 Determinations
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Terry Klein Kate Umlauf Camilla McDonaldSection 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act requires federal agencies, including the U.S. Federal Highway Administration, to take into account the effects of their programs and projects listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. NCHRP Web-Only Document 412: Creating a Handbook for Successful No-Effect and No-Adverse-Effect Section 106 Determinations, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a supplement to NCHRP Research Report 1133: Preparing Successful No-Effect and No-Adverse-Effect Section 106 Determinations: A Handbook for Transportation Cultural Resource Practitioners.
DOT and FAA Airport Legal Determination and Opinion Letter Abstracts of 2023
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Airport Cooperative Research Program Timothy M. RavichU.S. airports that receive assistance from the federal government are required to comply with a number of obligations imposed by federal law. The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program’s ACRP Web-Only Document 65: DOT and FAA Airport Legal Determination and Opinion Letter Abstracts of 2023 covers case-specific guidance from U.S. DOT or FAA on various federal airport compliance matters released since the previous update to ACRP Legal Research Digest 21. This document is supplemental to ACRP Legal Research Digest 21: Compilation of DOT and FAA Airport Legal Determinations and Opinion Letters as of December 31, 2023, which contains agency determinations covering administrative cases brought against large and small airports throughout the United States, as well as DOT and FAA opinion letters, memoranda, and related documents. These documents cover legal matters that include reasonableness of contractual terms, leasing practices, airport rules and regulations, airport charges imposed on aeronautical users, including airlines, and the standards for determining airport sponsor compliance with other federal obligations.
Data Collection Practices for Use with In-Service Performance Evaluations
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Ethan M. Ray Christine E. CarriganCrash test evaluations of roadside hardware have long been recognized as an initial assessment of hardware performance. The proper installation and maintenance of roadside hardware allows for the hardware to perform as designed and evaluated when impacted within the performance limits of the hardware. NCHRP Web-Only Document 407: Data Collection Practices for Use with In-Service Performance Evaluations, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, develops a transportation agency data collection methodology and associated guidelines to support individual investigative in-service performance evaluations (ISPEs), ISPE Programs, and asset management of roadside safety hardware. Supplemental to the document are an ISPE Manual (Appendix A) and an implementation plan.
Data Fusion of Probe and Point Sensor Data: A Guide
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Michael Pack National Cooperative Highway Research ProgramData fusion is the process of integrating multiple data sources to produce more consistent, accurate, and comprehensive information than that provided by any individual data source. State departments of transportation (DOTs) are seeking to define the types and characteristics of data for entry into data fusion engines to help forecast travel time, speed, reliability, and other aspects of operational performance on roadway networks. NCHRP Research Report 1127: Data Fusion of Probe and Point Sensor Data: A Guide, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a guide to facilitate data fusion and improve data reporting to support traffic management at state DOTs.
Design Options to Reduce Conflicts Between Turning Motor Vehicles and Bicycles: Conduct of Research Report
by David Hurwitz Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Jason Anderson Christina Fink Rebecca Sanders National Cooperative Highway Research Program Helena Breuer Hisham Jashami Jessica Schoner Sirisha Kothuri Nathan McNeil Chris Monsere Bill Schultheiss Jeremy ChrzanPlanners, engineers, and designers who are implementing bikeways need additional information about the safety performance of intersection treatments when assessing trade-offs and making design decisions. NCHRP Web-Only Document 408: Design Options to Reduce Conflicts Between Turning Motor Vehicles and Bicycles: Conduct of Research Report, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1125: Reducing Conflicts Between Turning Motor Vehicles and Bicycles: Decision Tool and Design Guidelines.
Design of Piles for Downdrag
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Aaron Budge Amalesh Jana Armin W. Stuedlein Johnathan D. Blanchard Richard A. CoffmanMany bridges are constructed in areas where there is compressible soil or liquefiable soil, which necessitates the consideration of downdrag forces and associated settlement. Downdrag for static and seismic conditions has increasingly placed greater demands on existing and new foundations and also led to higher construction costs. NCHRP Research Report 1112: Design of Piles for Downdrag presents procedures for determining downdrag loads used in the design of bridge piles. The NCHRP Research Report 1112 appendices are available as NCHRP Web-Only Document 398: Pile Design for Downdrag: Examples and Supporting Materials.
Design, Construction, and Monitoring Practices for Aquatic Organism Passage
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Casey Kramer Roger Kilgore Karmyn Pasquariello Robert Wachter III Justin LennonAquatic organism passage (AOP) water crossing design is an evolving field at the nexus of the built environment and the natural world. When successful, AOP water crossings provide sustainable transportation infrastructure and environmental benefits via connected habitats for fish and other aquatic organisms. NCHRP Synthesis 646: Design, Construction, and Monitoring Practices for Aquatic Organism Passage, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents current practices of state departments of transportation in the design, construction, and monitoring of AOP water crossing structures.
Developing a Guide for On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Michael Barrett National Cooperative Highway Research Program James Lenhart Lynn Katz Maral Razmand Jack Lisin Ariel Mosbrucker Aaron PoreskyWhile there has been extensive research and development of stormwater best management practices, there has been little focus on designs specific to the on-bridge environment. NCHRP Web-Only Document 401: Developing a Guide for On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1117: On-Bridge Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Guide and summarizes the conduct of research.
Developing a Guide for Rural Highways: Reliability and Quality of Service Evaluation Methods
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Scott S. Washburn National Cooperative Highway Research Program Bastian Schroeder Jorge Barrios Ana Moreno Sajid Raza Ahmed Al-KaisyTransportation agencies are charged with monitoring, maintaining, and improving rural highways of regional or statewide importance. NCHRP Web-Only Document 392: Developing a Guide for Rural Highways: Reliability and Quality of Service Evaluation Methods, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a supplement to NCHRP Research Report 1102: Reliability and Quality of Service Evaluation Methods for Rural Highways: A Guide.
Developing a Guide for Transit Traction Power Cables
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transit Cooperative Research Program Kasim A. KorkmazThe transit industry in the United States uses insulated cables for traction power supply and negative return cables between traction power substations, tie switches, and points of delivery to the vehicles, whether a third (contact) rail or an overhead contact system. TCRP Web-Only Document 77: Developing a Guide for Transit Traction Power Cables, from TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program, develops guidelines to determine when to replace transit system cables. The document is supplemental to TCRP Research Report 246: Transit Traction Power Cables: Replacement Guidelines.
Developing a Guide for Transporting Freight in Emergencies: Conduct of Research
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Jack Merritt National Cooperative Highway Research Program Curtis Morgan Jeffery Warner David Bierling Bradley Trefz Sushant SharmaCommercial vehicles delivering consumer goods must observe the applicable weight requirements and seek permits for oversize loads. NCHRP WOD 397: Developing a Guide for Transporting Freight in Emergencies: Conduct of Research, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a supplement to NCHRP Research Report 1115: Transporting Freight in Emergencies: A Guide on Special Permits and Weight Requirements.
Developing a Guide for Truck Parking Information Management Systems
by Chuck Miller Dan Murray Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Ernie Perry Matt Junak Gui Leao Chris Lindsey Peter RaffertySafe and efficient freight movement depends on sufficient and strategically located truck parking. Federal hours of service regulations require drivers to take breaks at defined intervals, leading to a search for parking ahead of their allowable drive time expires or while staging for their pick-up and delivery slots. This results in lost productivity, higher shipping costs, safety and environmental impacts of circulating trucks, and increased congestion. NCHRP Web-Only Document 415: Developing a Guide for Truck Parking Information Management Systems, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1137: Guide for Truck Parking Information Management Systems.
Developing a Planning and Evaluation Guide for Active Traffic Management Strategies
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Ioannis Tsapakis Maya Bouchet Lisa Burgess Srinivasa Sunkari Kevin Balke Jeffrey Shelton Margaret Fowler Robert Brydia Beverly KuhnActive traffic management (ATM) has been a rapidly evolving concept, creating a need to provide guidelines to agencies considering these operational strategies for their jurisdictions. NCHRP Web-Only Document 402: Developing a Planning and Evaluation Guide for Active Traffic Management Strategies, is a supplemental document to NCHRP Research Report 1120: Active Traffic Management Strategies: A Planning and Evaluation Guide and updates and enhances the previously developed draft guide for planning and evaluating ATM for recurrent and nonrecurrent conditions. Two additional products are also available: a PowerPoint presentation providing an overview of the project and an Implementation Plan.
Development of a MASH Barrier to Shield Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and Other Vulnerable Users from Motor Vehicles
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program James Kovar Roger Bligh Shawn Turner Sun Hee Park Chiara Silvestri DobrovolnyAs the number of pedestrians, bicyclists, and users of other active transportation modes continues to grow in the United States, state departments of transportation and other transportation agencies are seeking to improve how these users are accommodated on or adjacent to our nation?s roadways. NCHRP Research Report 1116: Development of a MASH Barrier to Shield Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and Other Vulnerable Users from Motor Vehicles, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides a detailed design for a crashworthy roadside barrier system for use alongside high-speed roadways that also addresses the needs of nonmotorized users of adjacent multiuse facilities. Supplemental to the report are: Survey, Crash Test Data, and Supporting Certification Documents: Appendices A, C, D, G, H, and I; Technical Drawings and Information for FHWA Eligibility Filing: Appendices B, E, F, and J; Technical Memo; PowerPoint Presentation; and NCHRP 22-37 Composite Crash Test Video.
Development of a New Highway Drainage Manual
by Scott Brown Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Dan Ghere Casey Kramer James D. SchallThe AASHTO Drainage Manual (ADM) (2014) provides a template and guidelines that facilitate state transportation agencies in the development of a highway drainage design manual. NCHRP Web-Only Document 423: Development of a New Highway Drainage Manual, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is a new, up?to?date highway drainage manual informed by the 2014 ADM and provides state and local transportation agencies with design guidelines, along with the technical background to support them.
Diagnostic Assessment and Countermeasure Selection: A Toolbox for Traffic Safety Practitioners
by John L. Campbell Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Behavioral Traffic Safety Cooperative Research Program Ingrid B. Potts Darren J. Torbic Audra K. Fraser Chris Monk Liberty Hoekstra-AtwoodSuccessful safety management practices require a thorough understanding of factors contributing to motor vehicle crashes. Continuous advancements in data-driven safety analysis, as well as the countermeasures and technologies available to address crashes, create challenges in maintaining a safety workforce proficient in the state of the practice. In many cases, agencies continue to use approaches such as descriptive statistics and anecdotal information to perform the diagnostic assessment without a thorough understanding of the expectations for a given context or road type. NCHRP Research Report 1111/BTSCRP Research Report 12: Diagnostic Assessment and Countermeasure Selection: A Toolbox for Traffic Safety Practitioners, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program and Behavioral Traffic Safety Cooperative Research Program, presents a toolbox to help highway safety practitioners diagnose contributing factors leading to crashes for use in selecting appropriate countermeasures. Supplemental to the report are a Conduct of Research Report, an Implementation of Findings, and a presentation.
Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity?: EXAMINING THE EVIDENCE
by Institute of Medicine of the National Academies Transportation Research BoardTRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research.
Effective Low-Noise Rumble Strips
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Shannon McKenna National Cooperative Highway Research Program Judith Rochat Carrie J. Janello Paul R. DonavanRumble strips are proven safety countermeasures for roadway departure crashes. They produce vibration and noise to alert drivers that they are drifting from the travel lane. Neighboring residents?contiguous to roadways with rumble strips?often complain about the noise generated by these appurtenances. This has prompted a need to simultaneously study noise mitigation and rumble strip design and application. NCHRP Research Report 1107: Effective Low-Noise Rumble Strips, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, proposes a rumble strip design that would minimize exterior noise on the outside of the vehicle yet generate sufficient auditory and vibratory response on the inside of the vehicle to alert the operator of a roadway lane departure. Supplemental to the report are Appendices A, B, C, D, and E and a presentation.
Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Harshit Shukla Airport Cooperative Research Program Karim Lujan Jacqueline KuzioElectric vehicle (EV) sales in the United States have increased from around 100,000 in 2013 to more than one million in 2023. In turn, airports have installed charging stations to meet their customers? needs, prepare for expected demand, and comply with local ordinances. At least 93 out of the 145 hub airports are offering EV charging in their passenger parking facilities, up from 37 in 2014. ACRP Synthesis 138: Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Passenger Parking Facilities, from TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program, documents the current experience with EV charging at airports, specifically within passenger parking facilities. Although the use of EVs and the need for charging equipment exists across the airport, publicly accessible charging is a unique use case that presents a different set of challenges than either employee parking or fleet charging facilities.
Electronic Surveillance of Railroad-Highway Crossings for Collision Avoidance: State of the Practice
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transit Cooperative Research Program Anurag Varma Ashish Varma Amiy VarmaTCRP Synthesis 177: Electronic Surveillance of Railroad-Highway Crossings for Collision Avoidance: State of the Practice, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, documents public transit agencies' current practices and lessons learned from rail service providers and others regarding the types, nature, implementations, successes, and failures of rail crossing electronic surveillance programs, particularly related to safety. This synthesis provides insights about the needs, decision criteria, measure of effectiveness, success factors, causes for failures, and selected implementations of rail crossing electronic surveillance programs, primarily for safety. The synthesis also discusses potential future advancements in rail crossing electronic surveillance.
Emerging Hazards in Commercial Aviation—Report 2: Ensuring Safety During Transformative Changes
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee on Emerging Trends in Aviation SafetyAs commercial aviation evolves, it is essential to ensure aviation safety as transformative technologies and new industry entrants emerge. Supporting the safe adoption of innovation will require updating Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) processes for certifying novel aircraft designs, developing performance-based standards for flight-critical functions, and improving data collection and analysis to detect potential safety issues. Strengthening safety culture at FAA and across the aviation industry is also necessary as new players and technologies are introduced. TRB Special Report 351: Emerging Hazards in Commercial Aviation—Report 2: Ensuring Safety During Transformative Changes, from the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, was requested by Congress and FAA in order to help identify, monitor, understand, and address emerging aviation safety risks. This report marks the second installment of a series of six reports to be issued within a span of 10 years by the National Academies' Committee on Emerging Trends in Aviation Safety.
Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices
by Transportation Research Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine National Cooperative Highway Research Program Cing-Dao Steve Kan Fadi Tahan Dhafer Marzougui Mohammadreza Rajaee Riley Ruskamp Chen Fang Cody Stolle Ronald Faller Robert Bielenberg Mojdeh Asadollahi PajouhRoadside safety features such as luminaire poles and sign supports are evaluated for crashworthiness using the AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) guidelines for crash testing. The updated preliminary testing protocols provide guidelines for evaluating families of related sign support and breakaway luminaire pole devices. NCHRP Web-Only Document 405: Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles: Appendices, from TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1123: Guidelines for Evaluating Crashworthiness of Sign Supports and Breakaway Luminaire Poles.