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Voorlichting en advies in de tandartspraktijk
by A. C. Schotsman N. OsHet geven van voorlichting en advies is een steeds belangrijkere taak voor de tandartsassistent. Voorlichten lijkt op papier vrij simpel, in de praktijk is het nog niet zo eenvoudig. Iedere pati#65533;nt is anders en ieder probleem is anders. Met behulp van dit boek kan de tandartsassistent voorlichting en advies geven over bijvoorbeeld het voorkomen van tandheelkundige problemen, het bevorderen van mondgezondheid, mondzorgproducten, tandheelkundige voorzieningen en tandheelkundige behandelingen. Het boek biedt een theoretische basis voor het geven van voorlichting en advies. De auteurs gaan in op het proces van gedragsverandering aan de hand van het model van Balm. Dit model is leidend in dit boek en uitermate geschikt om te gebruiken tijdens het geven van voorlichting, instructie en advies in de tandartspraktijk om gedragsverandering teweeg te brengen. Casu#65533;stiek wordt in dit boek gebruikt om de situaties te verduidelijken.
The Luxembourg Gutland Landscape
by A. M. Kooijman L. H. Cammeraat A. C. SeijmonsbergenThis book gathers older and current knowledge of the evolution and functioning of cuesta landscapes to provide a better understanding of the Luxembourgian landscape. The geological variety and tectonic setting of the area provide excellent opportunities to study landscape development, hydrology, geomorphological processes, soil formation, forest vegetation and interrelationships between them, which are characteristic of larger parts of Europe. The book is organized around four themes. The first addresses the development of the Luxembourgian cuesta landscape, covering geological evolution, lithology, geomorphological characteristics and hydrology, as well as the scientific history of research in this area. The second theme addresses aspects of the landscape's geo-ecological- system functioning and development, including soils, nutrient availability, forest ecology and educational approaches to study geo-ecological systems, including old and modern mapping techniques. The third theme is related to biological and physico-chemical control of erosion processes, including the impact of (macro-)fauna, vegetation and substrate on soil erosion processes. The last theme discusses practical applications of the research findings.
Darwin and Modern Science
by A. C. SewardThe Cambridge Philosophical Society collected this series of essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and the 50th anniversary of the publication of The Origin of Species. Aiming to be accessible to the 'educated layman', the eminent contributors reviewed the impact of Darwin's ideas in many spheres. They addressed contemporary (1909) attitudes, Darwin's theories and their far-reaching implications, and the progress of new lines of research that had emerged from them. The diversity of views among biologists regarding both the origin of species and the best directions for further research is clearly evident. In his work, Darwin had sought only the truth, writing 'Absolute accuracy is the hardest merit to attain, and the highest merit. Any deviation is ruin.' However dramatic the controversies he stirred, what shines from these essays is profound admiration for both Darwin's intellect and the quality of his character.
Nepali Diaspora in a Globalised Era (Nepal and Himalayan Studies)
by Tanka B. Subba A. C. SinhaThis is one of the first books to explore Nepali diaspora in a global context, across India and other parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, and Australia. It discusses the social, political and economic status and aspirations of the Nepali community worldwide. The essays in the volume cover a range of themes including belonging and identity politics among Nepalese migrants, representation of Indian Nepalis in literature, diasporic consciousness, forceful eviction and displacement, social movements, and ritual practices among migrant communities. Drawing attention to the lives of Nepali emigrants, the volume presents a sensitive and balanced understanding of their options and constraints, and their ambivalences about who they are. This work will be invaluable to scholars and students of Nepal studies, area studies, diaspora and migration studies, social anthropology, cultural studies and literature.
Cosmic Banditos
by A. C. WeisbeckerSoon to be a major motion picture starring John Cusack! Mr. Quark is a down-on-his luck pot-smuggler hiding out in the mountains of Colombia with his dog, High Pockets, and a small band of banditos led by the irascible Jose. Only months before, these three and their fearless associates were rolling in millions in cash and high-grade marijuana, eluding prosecution on "ridiculously false" drug and terrorism charges. But times have quickly grown lean, and to liven up their exile, Jose decides to mug a family of American tourists. Among the spoils are physics texts, which launch Mr. Quark on a side-splitting, boisterous adventure north to California, where he confronts the owner of the books with his own theories on relativity, the nature of the universe, and looking for the meaning of life in all the wrong places....
Children of Lovecraft
by John Langan Richard Kadrey Brian Hodge Laird Barron Stephen Graham Jones Brian Evenson Maria Dahvana Headley Caitlín R. Kiernan Gemma Files Siobhan Carroll David Nickle Orrin Grey Livia Llewellyn A. C. WiseFourteen original stories inspired by the influential horror writer, including tales by Laird Barron, Caitlín R. Kiernan, Gemma Files, and Brian Evenson. Compiled by Hugo and Bram Stoker Award–winning editor Ellen Datlow, these original stories of the supernatural employ H. P. Lovecraft&’s trademark terror of the cosmic unknown. A fresh generation of writers have been set free to play in his playground, exploring new themes and new horrors. In &“Oblivion Mode&” by Laird Barron, a revenge-fueled woman and her ragtag band confront a vampiric baron. Rumored to have belonged to a Donner Party survivor, a jade figurine winds its way through many different hands and centuries, spreading evil along the way in Caitlín R. Kiernan&’s &“Excerpts for An Eschatology Quadrille.&” In Gemma Files&’s &“Little Ease,&” a pest exterminator meets a woman researching Enochian—the language of angels—and makes a horrific discovery in the walls of a building. A woman&’s new pair of bifocals comes with a warning she should take seriously in &“Glasses&” by Brian Evenson. Also included are tales by Siobhan Carroll, Orrin Grey, Richard Kadrey, A. C. Wise, Brian Hodge, Stephen Graham Jones, John Langan, Maria Dahvana Headley, David Nickle, and Livia Llewellyn. &“The power of this anthology shows in that it&’s not only a must for Lovecraft fans, but for any fan of solid, mature, and mind-boggling weird fiction, courtesy of one of the finest editors in the industry.&” —New York Journal of Books &“You don&’t need to be a fan of H.P. Lovecraft to enjoy the quality storytelling in this book. If you are, though, you might enjoy it even more.&” —Horrible Book Reviews
Echoes: The Saga Anthology of Ghost Stories
by Alice Hoffman Ford Madox Ford Ellen Datlow Pat Cadigan F. Marion Crawford Joyce Carol Oates Garth Nix John Langan Jeffrey Ford Richard Kadrey Dale Bailey Nick Mamatas Terry Dowling Stephen Graham Jones Brian Evenson Alison Littlewood Nathan Ballingrud Paul Tremblay Lee Thomas Seanan McGuire Gemma Files Siobhan Carroll Aliette de Bodard Richard Bowes Indrapramit Das Carole Johnstone Bracken Macleod Vincent J. Masterson M. Rickert M. L. Siemienowicz A. C. WiseThe essential collection of beloved ghost stories, compiled by the editor who helped define the genre—including stories from award-winning, bestselling authors such as Joyce Carol Oates, Alice Hoffman, Seanan McGuire, and Paul Tremblay.Everyone loves a good ghost story, especially Ellen Datlow—the most lauded editor in short works of supernatural suspense and dark fantasy. The Saga Anthology of Ghost Stories is her definitive collection of ghost stories. These twenty-nine stories, including all new works from New York Times bestselling authors Joyce Carol Oates, Alice Hoffman, Seanan McGuire, and Paul Tremblay, span from the traditional to the eclectic, from the mainstream to the literary, from pure fantasy to the bizarrely supernatural. Whether you’re reading alone under the covers with a flashlight, or around a campfire with a circle of friends, there’s something here to please—and spook—everyone. Contributors include: Joyce Carol Oates, Alice Hoffman, Vincent J. Masterson, A.C. Wise, M. Rickert, Seanan McGuire, Lee Thomas, Alison Littlewood, M.L. Siemienowicz, Richard Kadrey, Indrapramit Das, Richard Bowes, Nick Mamatas, Terry Dowling, Aliette de Bodard, Carole Johnstone, Dale Bailey, Stephen Graham Jones, Bracken MacLeod, Garth Nix, Brian Evenson, Jeffrey Ford, Gemma Files, Paul Tremblay, Nathan Ballingrud, Pat Cadigan, John Langan.
Nightmare Carnival
by N. Lee Wood Jeffrey Ford Dennis Danvers Nick Mamatas Terry Dowling Laird Barron Katherine Dunn Stephen Graham Jones Genevieve Valentine Nathan Ballingrud Robert Shearman Glen Hirshberg Joel Lane Priya Sharma Livia Llewellyn A. C. WiseEncounter the scariest clowns and freakiest curiosities under the big top, in stories by Stephen Graham Jones, Laird Barron, Priya Sharma, and others.With an introduction from Katherine Dunn Ladies and gentlemen, step right up for fifteen tales of terrifying rides, supernatural sideshows, and petrifying performers guaranteed to keep you up all night—with Hugo and Bram Stoker Award–winning editor Ellen Datlow as the ringmaster. In Stephen Graham Jones&’s &“The Darkest Part,&” three men are driven to madness by the clown that has haunted them since one misguided Tunnel of Love ride during their childhoods. The deaths of three circus performers—two brothers and a beautiful fire dancer—become the burning obsession of an author who wrote a book about the tragedy in &“The Firebrand&” by Priya Sharma. &“Skullpocket&” by Nathan Ballingrud takes you to an alternate fantasy world where a well-respected ghoul from a town near Chesapeake Bay grieves the death of his one true love, a freak show attraction known as the Orchid Girl. Under the tent, you&’ll find more chilling stories by Genevieve Valentine, Robert Shearman, N. Lee Wood, Nick Mamatas, A. C. Wise, Terry Dowling, Joel Lane, Glen Hirshberg, Jeffrey Ford, Dennis Danvers, and Livia Llewellyn. &“To Datlow&’s credit a number of her selections take the dark carnival theme into provocative new territory. . . . Ballingrud&’s tale is a magnificent piece of storytelling. Accompanied by another 14 estimable acts, it makes admission into Nightmare Carnival well worth the price.&” —Locus &“There&’s not a bad story in the bunch.&” —Horror DNA
Out of the Drowning Deep
by A. C. WiseIn the distant future, when mortals mingle with the gods in deep space, an out-of-date automaton, a recovering addict, and an angel race to solve the Pope&’s murder in an abandoned corner of the galaxy. Dreamy, beautifully written queer science-fantasy novella, for fans of Becky Chambers and This is How You Lose the Time War.Scribe IV is an obsolete automaton living on the Bastion, a secluded monastery in an abandoned corner of the galaxy. When the visiting Pope is found murdered, Scribe IV knows he has very little time before the terrifying Sisters of the Drowned Deep rise up to punish all the Bastion&’s residents for their supposed crime.Quin, a recovering drug addict turned private investigator, agrees to take the case. Traumatized by abizarre experience in his childhood, Quin repeatedly feeds his memories to his lover, the angel Murmuration. But fragmented glimpses of an otherworldly horror he calls the crawling dark continue to haunt his dreams.Meanwhile in heaven, an angel named Angel hears Scribe IV&’s prayer. Intrigued by the idea of solving a crime with mortals, xe descends to offer xyr divine assistance.With the Drowned Sisters closing in, Scribe IV, Quin, and Angel race to find out who really murdered the Pope, and why. Quin&’s missing memories may hold the key to the case – but is remembering worth what it will cost him?
Lieutenant-Colonel John Haughton Commandant of the 36th Sikhs A Hero of Tirah: A Memoir
by A. C. YateBiography of esteemed, but little known, British officer Lt.-Col. John Haughton who found glory in the hard fought campaigns on the frontiers of India at the time of Queen Victoria and the British Raj. In the main, the book focusses on Haughton’s time as the officer in charge of the gallant 36th Sikhs engaged on the Tirah expedition. He survived the vicious, often guerrilla combat, with the Afridi, Chamkani and Orakzai tribesmen but fell during the difficult retreat back from the Dargai heights.
Modeling, Identification and Simulation of Dynamical Systems
by P. P. van den Bosch A. C. van der KlauwThis book gives an in-depth introduction to the areas of modeling, identification, simulation, and optimization. These scientific topics play an increasingly dominant part in many engineering areas such as electrotechnology, mechanical engineering, aerospace, and physics. This book represents a unique and concise treatment of the mutual interactions among these topics.Techniques for solving general nonlinear optimization problems as they arise in identification and many synthesis and design methods are detailed. The main points in deriving mathematical models via prior knowledge concerning the physics describing a system are emphasized. Several chapters discuss the identification of black-box models. Simulation is introduced as a numerical tool for calculating time responses of almost any mathematical model. The last chapter covers optimization, a generally applicable tool for formulating and solving many engineering problems.
Palaeoecology of Africa and the Surrounding Islands - Volume 26 (Palaeoecology Of Africa Ser.)
by L. Scott A. Cadman R. VerhoevenThis volume offers comprehensive and up-to-date information on research in many different disciplines which give an overall insight into the environmental history of Africa.
Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems: Digital Acceleration and The New Normal - Proceedings of the INFUS 2022 Conference, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #504)
by Cengiz Kahraman Selcuk Cebi Sezi Cevik Onar Basar Oztaysi A. Cagri Tolga Irem Ucal SariThis book presents recent research in intelligent and fuzzy techniques on digital transformation and the new normal, the state to which economies, societies, etc. settle following a crisis bringing us to a new environment. Digital transformation and the new normal-appearing in many areas such as digital economy, digital finance, digital government, digital health, and digital education are the main scope of this book. The readers can benefit from this book for preparing for a digital “new normal” and maintaining a leadership position among competitors in both manufacturing and service companies. Digitizing an industrial company is a challenging process, which involves rethinking established structures, processes, and steering mechanisms presented in this book. The intended readers are intelligent and fuzzy systems researchers, lecturers, M.Sc., and Ph.D. students studying digital transformation and new normal. The book covers fuzzy logic theory and applications, heuristics, and metaheuristics from optimization to machine learning, from quality management to risk management, making the book an excellent source for researchers.
Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems: Digital Acceleration and The New Normal - Proceedings of the INFUS 2022 Conference, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #505)
by Cengiz Kahraman Selcuk Cebi Sezi Cevik Onar Basar Oztaysi A. Cagri Tolga Irem Ucal SariThis book presents recent research in intelligent and fuzzy techniques on digital transformation and the new normal, the state to which economies, societies, etc. settle following a crisis bringing us to a new environment. Digital transformation and the new normal-appearing in many areas such as digital economy, digital finance, digital government, digital health, and digital education are the main scope of this book. The readers can benefit from this book for preparing for a digital “new normal” and maintaining a leadership position among competitors in both manufacturing and service companies. Digitizing an industrial company is a challenging process, which involves rethinking established structures, processes, and steering mechanisms presented in this book. The intended readers are intelligent and fuzzy systems researchers, lecturers, M.Sc., and Ph.D. students studying digital transformation and new normal. The book covers fuzzy logic theory and applications, heuristics, and metaheuristics from optimization to machine learning, from quality management to risk management, making the book an excellent source for researchers.
Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques for Emerging Conditions and Digital Transformation: Proceedings of the INFUS 2021 Conference, held August 24-26, 2021. Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #307)
by Cengiz Kahraman Selcuk Cebi Sezi Cevik Onar Basar Oztaysi A. Cagri Tolga Irem Ucal SariThis book presents recent research in intelligent and fuzzy techniques. Emerging conditions such as pandemic, wars, natural disasters and various high technologies force people for significant changes in business and social life. The adoption of digital technologies to transform services or businesses, through replacing non-digital or manual processes with digital processes or replacing older digital technology with newer digital technologies through intelligent systems is the main scope of this book. It focuses on revealing the reflection of digital transformation in our business and social life under emerging conditions through intelligent and fuzzy systems. The latest intelligent and fuzzy methods and techniques on digital transformation are introduced by theory and applications. The intended readers are intelligent and fuzzy systems researchers, lecturers, M.Sc. and Ph.D. students studying digital transformation. Usage of ordinary fuzzy sets and their extensions, heuristics and metaheuristics from optimization to machine learning, from quality management to risk management makes the book an excellent source for researchers.
Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques for Emerging Conditions and Digital Transformation: Proceedings of the INFUS 2021 Conference, held August 24-26, 2021. Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #308)
by Cengiz Kahraman Selcuk Cebi Sezi Cevik Onar Basar Oztaysi A. Cagri Tolga Irem Ucal SariThis book presents recent research in intelligent and fuzzy techniques. Emerging conditions such as pandemic, wars, natural disasters and various high technologies force people for significant changes in business and social life. The adoption of digital technologies to transform services or businesses, through replacing non-digital or manual processes with digital processes or replacing older digital technology with newer digital technologies through intelligent systems is the main scope of this book. It focuses on revealing the reflection of digital transformation in our business and social life under emerging conditions through intelligent and fuzzy systems. The latest intelligent and fuzzy methods and techniques on digital transformation are introduced by theory and applications. The intended readers are intelligent and fuzzy systems researchers, lecturers, M.Sc. and Ph.D. students studying digital transformation. Usage of ordinary fuzzy sets and their extensions, heuristics and metaheuristics from optimization to machine learning, from quality management to risk management makes the book an excellent source for researchers.
Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques in Big Data Analytics and Decision Making: Proceedings of the INFUS 2019 Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, July 23-25, 2019 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1029)
by Cengiz Kahraman Selcuk Cebi Sezi Cevik Onar Basar Oztaysi A. Cagri Tolga Irem Ucal SariThis book includes the proceedings of the Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques INFUS 2019 Conference, held in Istanbul, Turkey, on July 23–25, 2019. Big data analytics refers to the strategy of analyzing large volumes of data, or big data, gathered from a wide variety of sources, including social networks, videos, digital images, sensors, and sales transaction records. Big data analytics allows data scientists and various other users to evaluate large volumes of transaction data and other data sources that traditional business systems would be unable to tackle. Data-driven and knowledge-driven approaches and techniques have been widely used in intelligent decision-making, and they are increasingly attracting attention due to their importance and effectiveness in addressing uncertainty and incompleteness. INFUS 2019 focused on intelligent and fuzzy systems with applications in big data analytics and decision-making, providing an international forum that brought together those actively involved in areas of interest to data science and knowledge engineering. These proceeding feature about 150 peer-reviewed papers from countries such as China, Iran, Turkey, Malaysia, India, USA, Spain, France, Poland, Mexico, Bulgaria, Algeria, Pakistan, Australia, Lebanon, and Czech Republic.
Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques: Proceedings of the INFUS 2020 Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, July 21-23, 2020 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1197)
by Cengiz Kahraman Selcuk Cebi Sezi Cevik Onar Basar Oztaysi A. Cagri Tolga Irem Ucal SariThis book gathers the most recent developments in fuzzy & intelligence systems and real complex systems presented at INFUS 2020, held in Istanbul on July 21–23, 2020. The INFUS conferences are a well-established international research forum to advance the foundations and applications of intelligent and fuzzy systems, computational intelligence, and soft computing, highlighting studies on fuzzy & intelligence systems and real complex systems at universities and international research institutions. Covering a range of topics, including the theory and applications of fuzzy set extensions such as intuitionistic fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets, spherical fuzzy sets, and fuzzy decision-making; machine learning; risk assessment; heuristics; and clustering, the book is a valuable resource for academics, M.Sc. and Ph.D. students, as well as managers and engineers in industry and the service sectors.
Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems: Intelligent Industrial Informatics and Efficient Networks Proceedings of the INFUS 2024 Conference, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1088)
by Cengiz Kahraman Selcuk Cebi Sezi Cevik Onar Basar Oztaysi Irem Ucal Sari A. Cagrı TolgaThis book presents recent research in intelligent and fuzzy techniques on Intelligent Industrial Informatics and Efficient Networks. This cutting-edge field integrates advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and data analytics, into industrial processes, revolutionizing the way industries operate. The book presents the examples of the implementation of smart sensors and IoT devices, which facilitate real-time data collection and communication. High-speed, low-latency networks ensure that information flows effortlessly between devices, enabling timely responses and enabling the coordination of complex manufacturing processes. This network architecture supports the integration of edge computing, where data processing occurs closer to the source, reducing latency and enabling faster decision-making. The readers can benefit from this book for maintaining a leadership position among competitors in both manufacturing and service companies. The intended readers are intelligent and fuzzy systems researchers, lecturers, M.Sc. and Ph.D. students studying intelligent and fuzzy techniques. The book covers fuzzy logic theory and applications, heuristics and metaheuristics from optimization to machine learning, from quality management to risk management, making the book an excellent source for researchers.
Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems: Intelligent Industrial Informatics and Efficient Networks Proceedings of the INFUS 2024 Conference, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1089)
by Cengiz Kahraman Selcuk Cebi Sezi Cevik Onar Basar Oztaysi Irem Ucal Sari A. Cagrı TolgaThis book presents recent research in intelligent and fuzzy techniques on Intelligent Industrial Informatics and Efficient Networks. This cutting-edge field integrates advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and data analytics, into industrial processes, revolutionizing the way industries operate. The book presents the examples of the implementation of smart sensors and IoT devices, which facilitate real-time data collection and communication. High-speed, low-latency networks ensure that information flows effortlessly between devices, enabling timely responses and enabling the coordination of complex manufacturing processes. This network architecture supports the integration of edge computing, where data processing occurs closer to the source, reducing latency and enabling faster decision-making. The readers can benefit from this book for maintaining a leadership position among competitors in both manufacturing and service companies. The intended readers are intelligent and fuzzy systems researchers, lecturers, M.Sc. and Ph.D. students studying intelligent and fuzzy techniques. The book covers fuzzy logic theory and applications, heuristics and metaheuristics from optimization to machine learning, from quality management to risk management, making the book an excellent source for researchers.
Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems: Intelligent Industrial Informatics and Efficient Networks Proceedings of the INFUS 2024 Conference, Volume 3 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #1090)
by Cengiz Kahraman Selcuk Cebi Sezi Cevik Onar Basar Oztaysi Irem Ucal Sari A. Cagrı TolgaThis book presents recent research in intelligent and fuzzy techniques on Intelligent Industrial Informatics and Efficient Networks. This cutting-edge field integrates advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and data analytics, into industrial processes, revolutionizing the way industries operate. The book presents the examples of the implementation of smart sensors and IoT devices, which facilitate real-time data collection and communication. High-speed, low-latency networks ensure that information flows effortlessly between devices, enabling timely responses and enabling the coordination of complex manufacturing processes. This network architecture supports the integration of edge computing, where data processing occurs closer to the source, reducing latency and enabling faster decision-making. The readers can benefit from this book for maintaining a leadership position among competitors in both manufacturing and service companies. The intended readers are intelligent and fuzzy systems researchers, lecturers, M.Sc. and Ph.D. students studying intelligent and fuzzy techniques. The book covers fuzzy logic theory and applications, heuristics and metaheuristics from optimization to machine learning, from quality management to risk management, making the book an excellent source for researchers.
Instinct and Personality (Psychology Revivals)
by A. Campbell GarnettOriginally published in 1928, the principle aim of this book was to present and apply an original viewpoint in psychology. The work is substantially that of a thesis on "The Problem of Personality in the Light of Recent Psychology" for which the author was awarded the degree of Doctor of Letters in the University of Melbourne in 1925. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.
Geotechnical Risk in Rock Tunnels: Selected Papers from a Course on Geotechnical Risk in Rock Tunnels, Aveiro, Portugal, 16-17 April 2004
by A. Campos e Matos, L. Ribeiro e Sousa, J. Kleberger & P. Lopes PintoTunnels have a high degree of risk that needs to be assessed and managed. Underground works intersect and interact with natural materials, incorporating their characteristics as structural components of their own stability. For this reason geotechnical risk analyses are implemented at all phases of tunnel construction, from design through to post-c
Time and Idea: The Theory of History in Giambattista Vico
by A. CaponigriLong a shadowy figure in the history of philosophy, it was only in the twentieth century that Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) achieved renown as a major and original thinker. There has been a steadily widening interest in this figure who, had he been known in his own day, might have altered the course of European thought. Much has been written in an attempt to clarify his historical stature, but in Time and Idea A. Robert Caponigri approaches Vico's thought in terms of its relevance to problems of modern philosophy. Viewing the essential problem of twentieth-century philosophy as the elimination of human subjectivity from nature, Caponigri shows how Vico offers us a principle for the vindication of our own spirituality through history.In Caponigri's reading, Vico establishes an absolute dichotomy between nature and history. The latter is seen as the sum of the active, fully realized human spirit and thus the context for the true understanding of human nature. Although Vico's major work, The New Science, incorporates vast amounts of concrete historical research and contruction, Caponigri's focus is on Vico's theoretical apparatus. Following an introductory biographical chapter, the author turns to Vico's theory of history, emphasizing its importance as a genuine philosophical undertaking rather than mere methodology. Caponigri shows how the speculative problem of history first presented itself to Vico in matters of jurisprudence and natural law from which he derived the concepts of time and idea as the terms in which the historical process of culture becomes comprehensible. He then introduces the human subject as the principle of the synthesis of time and idea, and discusses the Vichian concept of the "modification of the human mind," and his idea of "providence" as the rectifying principle of human history.First published in 1953, Time and Idea remains an essential contribution to the ongoing dialog on Vico's work.
Comparative Constitutional Law and Policy: Participation, Deliberation, and Representation in the Crafting of New Constitutions (Comparative Constitutional Law and Policy)
by Eisenstadt Todd A. Levan A. Carl Tofigh MaboudiUnder what circumstances do new constitutions improve a nation's level of democracy? Between 1974 and 2014, democracy increased in 77 countries following the adoption of a new constitution, but it decreased or stayed the same in 47 others. This book demonstrates that increased participation in the forming of constitutions positively impacts levels of democracy. It is discovered that the degree of citizen participation at the 'convening stage' of constitution-making has a strong effect on levels of democracy. This finding defies the common theory that levels of democracy result from the content of constitutions, and instead lends support to 'deliberative' theories of democracy. Patterns of constitutions are then compared, differentiating imposed and popular constitution-making processes, using case studies from Chile, Nigeria, Gambia, and Venezuela to illustrate the dynamics specific to imposed constitution-making, and case studies from Colombia, Ecuador, Egypt, and Tunisia to illustrate the specific dynamics of popular constitution-making.