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Nonlinear Optics in the Filamentation Regime
by Carsten BréeThis thesis provides deep insights into currently controversial questions in laser filamentation, a highly complex phenomenon involving nonlinear optical effects and plasma physics. First, based on the concrete picture of a femtosecond laser beam which self-pinches its radial intensity distribution, the thesis delivers a novel explanation for the remarkable and previously unexplained phenomenon of pulse self-compression in filaments. Moreover, the work addresses the impact of a non-adiabatic change of both nonlinearity and dispersion on such an intense femtosecond pulse transiting from a gaseous dielectric material to a solid one. Finally, and probably most importantly, the author presents a simple and highly practical theoretical approach for quantitatively estimating the influence of higher-order nonlinear optical effects in optics. These results shed new light on recent experimental observations, which are still hotly debated and may completely change our understanding of filamentation, causing a paradigm change concerning the role of higher-order nonlinearities in optics.
Der GmbH-Geschäftsführer
by Rocco JulaDie Kenntnis der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen ist für Geschäftsführer unerlässlich, wenn sie ihre Aufgaben ordnungsgemäß erfüllen und Handlungsspielräume effektiv nutzen wollen. In dem Band werden zunächst die wichtigsten Aufgaben und ihre rechtlichen Grundlagen erläutert. Im zweiten Teil des Ratgebers steht der Anstellungsvertrag im Mittelpunkt, haftungs- und strafrechtliche Folgen werden im dritten Teil detailliert dargestellt. Die Neuauflage berücksichtigt die GmbH-Reform nach dem MoMiG. Mit Fallbeispielen, Tipps und Vertragsmustern.
Micro Metal Forming
by Frank VollertsenMicro Metal Forming, i. e. forming of parts and features with dimensions below 1 mm, is a young area of research in the wide field of metal forming technologies, expanding the limits for applying metal forming towards micro technology. The essential challenges arise from the reduced geometrical size and the increased lot size. In order to enable potential users to apply micro metal forming in production, information about the following topics are given:tribological behavior: friction between tool and work piece as well as tool wearmechanical behavior: strength and formability of the work piece material, durability of the work pieces size effects: basic description of effects occurring due to the fact, that the quantitative relation between different features changes with decreasing size process windows and limits for forming processestool making methodsnumerical modeling of processes and process chainsquality assurance and metrologyAll topics are discussed with respect to the questions relevant to micro metal forming. The description comprises information from actual research and the young history of this technology branch to be used by students, scientists and engineers in industry who already have a background in metal forming and like to expand their knowledge towards miniaturization. tribological behavior: friction between tool and work piece as well as tool wearmechanical behavior: strength and formability of the work piece material, durability of the work pieces size effects: basic description of effects occurring due to the fact, that the quantitative relation between different features changes with decreasing size process windows and limits for forming processestool making methodsnumerical modeling of processes and process chainsquality assurance and metrologyAll topics are discussed with respect to the questions relevant to micro metal forming. The description comprises information from actual research and the young history of this technology branch to be used by students, scientists and engineers in industry who already have a background in metal forming and like to expand their knowledge towards miniaturization.
Essential Speech and Language Technology for Dutch: Results by the STEVIN-programme (Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing #14)
by Peter Spyns Linde Van Bosch Jan OdijkThe book provides an overview of more than a decade of joint R&D efforts in the Low Countries on HLT for Dutch. It not only presents the state of the art of HLT for Dutch in the areas covered, but, even more importantly, a description of the resources (data and tools) for Dutch that have been created are now available for both academia and industry worldwide. The contributions cover many areas of human language technology (for Dutch): corpus collection (including IPR issues) and building (in particular one corpus aiming at a collection of 500M word tokens), lexicology, anaphora resolution, a semantic network, parsing technology, speech recognition, machine translation, text (summaries) generation, web mining, information extraction, and text to speech to name the most important ones. The book also shows how a medium-sized language community (spanning two territories) can create a digital language infrastructure (resources, tools, etc.) as a basis for subsequent R&D. At the same time, it bundles contributions of almost all the HLT research groups in Flanders and the Netherlands, hence offers a view of their recent research activities. Targeted readers are mainly researchers in human language technology, in particular those focusing on Dutch. It concerns researchers active in larger networks such as the CLARIN, META-NET, FLaReNet and participating in conferences such as ACL, EACL, NAACL, COLING, RANLP, CICling, LREC, CLIN and DIR ( both in the Low Countries), InterSpeech, ASRU, ICASSP, ISCA, EUSIPCO, CLEF, TREC, etc. In addition, some chapters are interesting for human language technology policy makers and even for science policy makers in general.
Energy Level Alignment and Electron Transport Through Metal/Organic Contacts
by Enrique AbadIn recent years, ever more electronic devices have started to exploit the advantages of organic semiconductors. The work reported in this thesis focuses on analyzing theoretically the energy level alignment of different metal/organic interfaces, necessary to tailor devices with good performance. Traditional methods based on density functional theory (DFT), are not appropriate for analyzing them because they underestimate the organic energy gap and fail to correctly describe the van der Waals forces. Since the size of these systems prohibits the use of more accurate methods, corrections to those DFT drawbacks are desirable. In this work a combination of a standard DFT calculation with the inclusion of the charging energy (U) of the molecule, calculated from first principles, is presented. Regarding the dispersion forces, incorrect long range interaction is substituted by a van der Waals potential. With these corrections, the C60, benzene, pentacene, TTF and TCNQ/Au(111) interfaces are analyzed, both for single molecules and for a monolayer. The results validate the induced density of interface states model.
Iterative Methods for Fixed Point Problems in Hilbert Spaces
by Andrzej CegielskiIterative methods for finding fixed points of non-expansive operators in Hilbert spaces have been described in many publications. In this monograph we try to present the methods in a consolidated way. We introduce several classes of operators, examine their properties, define iterative methods generated by operators from these classes and present general convergence theorems. On this basis we discuss the conditions under which particular methods converge. A large part of the results presented in this monograph can be found in various forms in the literature (although several results presented here are new). We have tried, however, to show that the convergence of a large class of iteration methods follows from general properties of some classes of operators and from some general convergence theorems.
q-Fractional Calculus and Equations
by Zeinab S. Mansour Mahmoud H. AnnabyThis nine-chapter monograph introduces a rigorous investigation of q-difference operators in standard and fractional settings. It starts with elementary calculus of q-differences and integration of Jackson's type before turning to q-difference equations. The existence and uniqueness theorems are derived using successive approximations, leading to systems of equations with retarded arguments. Regular q-Sturm-Liouville theory is also introduced; Green's function is constructed and the eigenfunction expansion theorem is given. The monograph also discusses some integral equations of Volterra and Abel type, as introductory material for the study of fractional q-calculi. Hence fractional q-calculi of the types Riemann-Liouville; Grünwald-Letnikov; Caputo; Erdélyi-Kober and Weyl are defined analytically. Fractional q-Leibniz rules with applications in q-series are also obtained with rigorous proofs of the formal results of Al-Salam-Verma, which remained unproved for decades. In working towards the investigation of q-fractional difference equations; families of q-Mittag-Leffler functions are defined and their properties are investigated, especially the q-Mellin-Barnes integral and Hankel contour integral representation of the q-Mittag-Leffler functions under consideration, the distribution, asymptotic and reality of their zeros, establishing q-counterparts of Wiman's results. Fractional q-difference equations are studied; existence and uniqueness theorems are given and classes of Cauchy-type problems are completely solved in terms of families of q-Mittag-Leffler functions. Among many q-analogs of classical results and concepts, q-Laplace, q-Mellin and q2-Fourier transforms are studied and their applications are investigated.
Intellectual Property and Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific Region
by Reto M. Hilty Christoph AntonsThis book is highly topical. The shift from the multilateral WTO negotiations to bilateral and regional Free Trade Agreements has been going on for some time, but it is bound to accelerate after the WTO Doha round of negotiations is now widely regarded as a failure. However, there is a particular regional angle to this topic as well. After concluding that further progress in the Doha round was unlikely, Pacific Rim nations recently have progressed with the negotiations of a greatly expanded Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement that includes industrialised economies and developed countries such as the United States, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, recently emerged economies such as Singapore, but also several developing countries in Asia and Latin America such as Malaysia and Vietnam. US and EU led efforts to conclude FTAs with Asia-Pacific nations are also bound to accelerate again, after a temporary slowdown in the negotiations following the change of government in the United States and the expiry of the US President's fast-track negotiation authority. The book will provide an assessment of these dynamics in the world's fastest growing region. It will look at the IP chapters from a legal perspective, but also put the developments into a socio-economic and political context. Many agreements in fact are concluded because of this context rather than for purely economic reasons or to achieve progress in fields like IP law. The structure of the book follows an outline that groups countries into interest alliances according to their respective IP priorities. This ranges from the driving forces of the EU, US and Japan, via Asia-Pacific resource-rich but IP poor economies such as Australia and New Zealand, recently emerged economies with strong IP systems such as Singapore and Korea to leading developing countries such as China and India and 'second tier industrializing economies' such as Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.
The Parathyroid Glands
by Alexey V. Pavlov Arian P. Kalinin Irina V. Kotova Sergey N. Pamputis Yury K. Alexandrov Yury N. PatrunovThis book is based on the authors' extensive practical experience in the use of modern radiological methods to diagnose parathyroid diseases and the application of advanced surgical techniques. Detailed attention is devoted to the embryological background to emphasize the significance of diagnostic and surgical peculiarities. Pre- and intraoperative imaging is discussed in depth, with a special focus on localizing techniques. Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive techniques, including percutaneous laser ablation, are fully considered. This up-to-date and richly illustrated book will interest and assist specialists in ultrasound diagnostics, radiologists, endocrinologists, and surgeons.
Mechanical and Chemical Signaling in Angiogenesis
by Cynthia A. Reinhart-KingThis volume describes and discusses recent advances in angiogenesis research. The chapters are organized to address all biological length scales of angiogenesis: molecular, cellular and tissue in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Specific emphasis is given to novel methodologies and biomaterials that have been developed and applied to angiogenesis research. Angiogenesis experts from diverse fields including engineering, cell and developmental biology, chemistry and physics will be invited to contribute chapters which focus on the mechanical and chemical signals which affect and promote angiogenesis.
The Use of Smart Mobile Equipment for the Innovation in Organizational Coordination
by Namjae ChoRecent increases in uncertainty and speed of market change are driving the adoption of new intelligent mobile office systems. Organizational information systems paradigm suggests that a right match between organizational characteristics and the use of technology is critical in producing desired results. Following such perspective this study focused on the relationship between task characteristics and the use of mobile office systems with an intention to find out factors that affect the adoption of modern mobile office systems. The research results show that in performing tasks with high mobility users tend to use extensive mobile office functions. When the task has a high level of interdependency with external business partners, users relied on specialized mobile functions such as FFA, SFA and ERP. Highly volatile environment with many unexpected task changes caused an extensive use of task specific functions that help to solve problems at hand. Further, analyses of the differences of mobile office use by department showed that sales department used more communication functions than others, while administrative departments rely more on such task specific functions as mobile CRM and KM than others. Additional case study shows how the application of new technology the effectiveness of organizational coordination. Based on the research the concept of convergent coordination is suggested as well as the direction for future research.
From the PS to the LHC - 50 Years of Nobel Memories in High-Energy Physics
by Luis Alvarez-Gaumé Emmanuel Tsesmelis Michelangelo ManganoThis collection of lectures and essays by eminent researchers in the field, many of them nobel laureates, is an outgrow of a special event held at CERN in late 2009, coinciding with the start of LHC operations. Careful transcriptions of the lectures have been worked out, subsequently validated and edited by the lecturers themselves. This unique insight into the history of the field includes also some perspectives on modern developments and will benefit everyone working in the field, as well as historians of science.
Fungal Associations
by Bertold HockThis new edition of Fungal Associations focuses on mycorrhizas, lichens and fungal-bacterial symbioses. It has been completely revised, updated and expanded. Renowned experts present thorough reviews and discuss the most recent findings on molecular interactions between fungi and plants or bacteria that lead to morphological alterations and novel properties in the symbionts. New insights into the beneficial impact of fungal associations on ecosystem health are provided and documented with striking examples.
Electron Density and Chemical Bonding I
by Dietmar StalkeD. Stalke, U. Flierler: More than Just Distances from Electron Density Studies.- A.O. Madsen: Modeling and Analysis of Hydrogen Atoms.- B.B. Iversen/J. Overgaard: Charge Density Methods in Hydrogen Bond Studies.- U. Flierler, D. Stalke: Some Main Group Chemical Perceptions in the Light of Experimental Charge Density Investigations.- D. Leusser: Electronic Structure and Chemical Properties of Lithium Organics Seen Through the Glasses of Charge Density.- L. J. Farrugia, P. Macchi: Bond Orders in Metal-Metal Interactions Through Electron Density Analysis.- W. Scherer, V. Herz, Ch. Hauf: On the Nature of β-Agostic Interactions: A Comparison Between the Molecular Orbital and Charge Density Picture.
An Introduction to Non-Abelian Discrete Symmetries for Particle Physicists (Lecture Notes in Physics #858)
by Morimitsu Tanimoto Hiroshi Ohki Hiroshi Okada Yusuke Shimizu Hajime Ishimori Tatsuo KobayashiThese lecture notes provide a tutorial review of non-Abelian discrete groups and show some applications to issues in physics where discrete symmetries constitute an important principle for model building in particle physics. While Abelian discrete symmetries are often imposed in order to control couplings for particle physics - in particular model building beyond the standard model - non-Abelian discrete symmetries have been applied to understand the three-generation flavor structure in particular. Indeed, non-Abelian discrete symmetries are considered to be the most attractive choice for the flavor sector: model builders have tried to derive experimental values of quark and lepton masses, and mixing angles by assuming non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries of quarks and leptons, yet, lepton mixing has already been intensively discussed in this context, as well. The possible origins of the non-Abelian discrete symmetry for flavors is another topic of interest, as they can arise from an underlying theory - e.g. the string theory or compactification via orbifolding - thereby providing a possible bridge between the underlying theory and the corresponding low-energy sector of particle physics. This text explicitly introduces and studies the group-theoretical aspects of many concrete groups and shows how to derive conjugacy classes, characters, representations, and tensor products for these groups (with a finite number) when algebraic relations are given, thereby enabling readers to apply this to other groups of interest.
Projektverträge im Anlagenbau und für vergleichbare Investitionsprojekte
by Christoph Schmitt Eberhard KrüglerProjektverträge regeln das Rechtsverhältnis zwischen dem Investor als Auftraggeber und dem Unternehmer als Auftragnehmer. Sie sind bei der Realisierung komplexer Projekte weit verbreitet, vor allem im Anlagenbau, aber auch bei der Beschaffung von Gütern und bei der Softwareentwicklung. In dem Buch werden die wesentlichen Aspekte und Inhalte vor dem Hintergrund der einschlägigen gesetzlichen Regelungen besprochen. Hinweise und Vorschläge zur Vertragsgestaltung berücksichtigen die aktuelle nationale und internationale Unternehmens- und Vertragspraxis.
Z Boson Transverse Momentum Distribution, and ZZ and WZ Production
by Mika VesterinenThis work develops novel data analysis techniques enabling aspects of the Standard Model of particle physics to be tested with unprecedented precision using data from the DZero experiment at the high energy "Tevatron" proton-antiproton collider at Fermilab, Chicago. Vesterinen's measurements of the transverse momentum of Z bosons using the novel variable φ* have exposed deficiencies in the current state-of-the-art theoretical predictions for vector boson production at hadron colliders. These techniques are now being used in the experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and have stimulated considerable interest in the theoretical particle physics community. Furthermore, Vesterinen's measurements of the cross sections for the production of pairs of vector bosons (WZ and ZZ) are to date the most precise ever made.
Shall We Play the Festschrift Game?
by Krister Lindén Diana Santos Wanjiku Ng’ang’aThere are not many people who can be said to have influenced and impressed researchers in so many disparate areas and language-geographic fields as Lauri Carlson, as is evidenced in the present Festschrift. His insight and acute linguistic sensitivity and linguistic rationality have spawned findings and research work in many areas, from non-standard etymology to hardcore formal linguistics, not forgetting computational areas such as parsing, terminological databases, and, last but not least, machine translation. In addition to his renowned and widely acknowledged insights in tense and aspect and its relationship with nominal quantification, and his ground-breaking work in dialog using game-theoretic machinery, Lauri has in the last fifteen years as Professor of Language Theory and Translation Technology contributed immensely to areas such as translation, terminology and general applications of computational linguistics. The three editors of the present volume have successfully performed doctoral studies under Lauri's supervision, and wish with this volume to pay tribute to his supervision and to his influence in matters associated with research and scientific, linguistic and philosophical inquiry, as well as to his humanity and friendship.
Cleft Lip and Palate: Diagnosis and Management
by Samuel BerkowitzCleft Lip and Palate: Diagnosis and Management is an unparalleled review of treatment concepts in all areas of cleft involvement presented by an international team of experienced clinicians. A unique feature of the book is that it largely consists of longitudinal facial and palatal growth studies of dental casts, photographs, panorexes, and cephalographs from birth to adolescence. Throughout the discussion of growth and treatment concepts, the importance of differential diagnosis in treatment planning is underscored. The underlying argument is that all the treatment goals - good speech, facial aesthetics, dental occlusion, and psychological development - may be realized without the need to sacrifice one for another. This updated third edition includes new chapters on further successful physiological treatment protocols, strategies for coping with psychological effects, the excellent clinical work being undertaken in Asia, future multicenter palatal growth studies, and other topics.
Software Cost Estimation, Benchmarking, and Risk Assessment
by Adam TrendowiczSoftware effort estimation is a key element of software project planning and management. Yet, in industrial practice, the important role of effort estimation is often underestimated and/or misunderstood. In this book, Adam Trendowicz presents the CoBRA method (an abbreviation for Cost Estimation, Benchmarking, and Risk Assessment) for estimating the effort required to successfully complete a software development project, which uniquely combines human judgment and measurement data in order to systematically create a custom-specific effort estimation model. CoBRA goes far beyond simply predicting the development effort; it supports project decision-makers in negotiating the project scope, managing project risks, benchmarking productivity, and directing improvement activities. To illustrate the method's practical use, the book reports several real-world cases where CoBRA was applied in various industrial contexts. These cases represent different estimation contexts in terms of software project environment, estimation objectives, and estimation constraints. This book is the result of a successful collaboration between the process management division of Fraunhofer IESE and many software companies in the field of software engineering technology transfer. It mainly addresses software practitioners who deal with planning and managing software development projects as part of their daily work, and is also of interest for students or courses specializing in software engineering or software project management.
On Statistical Pattern Recognition in Independent Component Analysis Mixture Modelling
by Addisson SalazarA natural evolution of statistical signal processing, in connection with the progressive increase in computational power, has been exploiting higher-order information. Thus, high-order spectral analysis and nonlinear adaptive filtering have received the attention of many researchers. One of the most successful techniques for non-linear processing of data with complex non-Gaussian distributions is the independent component analysis mixture modelling (ICAMM). This thesis defines a novel formalism for pattern recognition and classification based on ICAMM, which unifies a certain number of pattern recognition tasks allowing generalization. The versatile and powerful framework developed in this work can deal with data obtained from quite different areas, such as image processing, impact-echo testing, cultural heritage, hypnograms analysis, web-mining and might therefore be employed to solve many different real-world problems.
Robust Manufacturing Control
by Katja WindtThis contributed volume collects research papers, presented at the CIRP Sponsored Conference Robust Manufacturing Control: Innovative and Interdisciplinary Approaches for Global Networks (RoMaC 2012, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany, June 18th-20th 2012). These research papers present the latest developments and new ideas focusing on robust manufacturing control for global networks. Today, Global Production Networks (i.e. the nexus of interconnected material and information flows through which products and services are manufactured, assembled and distributed) are confronted with and expected to adapt to: sudden and unpredictable large-scale changes of important parameters which are occurring more and more frequently,event propagation in networks with high degree of interconnectivity which leads to unforeseen fluctuations, andnon-equilibrium states which increasingly characterize daily business. These multi-scale changes deeply influence logistic target achievement and call for robust planning and control strategies. Therefore, understanding the cause and effects of multi-scale changes in production networks is of major interest. New methodological approaches from different science disciplines are promising to contribute to a new level comprehension of network processes. Unconventional methods from biology, perturbation ecology or auditory display are gaining increasing importance as they are confronted with similar challenges. Advancements from the classical disciplines such as mathematics, physics and engineering are also becoming of continuing importance.
Advanced Methods of Fatigue Assessment
by Dieter Radaj Michael VormwaldIn five chapters, this volume presents recent developments in fatigue assessment. In the first chapter, a generalized Neuber concept of fictitious notch rounding is presented where the microstructural support factors depend on the notch opening angle besides the loading mode. The second chapter specifies the notch stress factor including the strain energy density and J-integral concept while the SED approach is applied to common fillet welded joints and to thin-sheet lap welded joints in the third chapter. The forth chapter analyses elastic-plastic deformations in the near crack tip zone and discusses driving force parameters. The last chapter discusses thermomechanical fatigue, stress, and strain ranges.
Sex and Gender Differences in Pharmacology
by Vera Regitz-ZagrosekThis is the very first book to deal with sex and gender differences in drug therapy - an increasingly recognized medical need. It starts with an overview on S/G in clinical syndromes and a documentation of the medical and socioeconomic damage caused by gender specific adverse drug effects. Part I covers S/G differences in pharmacokinetics. Researchers will be satisfied by the detailed discussion of the mechanisms of S/G differences in drug effects that represents cutting edge science and includes interaction of drugs with sex hormones, genomic and epigenetic mechanisms. It also covers S/G in drug development, in animal models and clinical development and S/G in drug prescriptions. Part II targets S/G differences in drug effects in cardiovascular, pulmonary, CNS, neuromuscular, neuropsychiatric and metabolic diseases, in cancer, inflammation, and rheumatic diseases, in bacterial and retroviral infections, thrombosis, embolism. New drugs will be discussed.
Interne Unternehmenskommunikation in resilienten Organisationen
by Susanne Knorre Ulrike BuchholzAus der Psychologie entlehnt, erobert der Begriff der Resilienz derzeit die Diskussion um das Führungshandeln in Unternehmen. Resiliente Unternehmen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass Rückschläge verarbeitet werden können, weil Strukturen und Prozesse flexibel anpassbar sind - ohne die organisatorische Einheit und kulturelle Identität zu gefährden. Verstanden als Teil der allgemeinen Managementlehre, erläutern die Autorinnen die interne Kommunikation in resilienten Organisationen und liefern fundierte Handlungsempfehlungen für deren Umsetzung.