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Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds: A Comprehensive Handbook in Four Volumes
by Matthias Beller Boy Cornils Wolfgang A. Herrmann Rocco PacielloHomogeneous catalysis is the success story of organometallic chemistry. Since the discovery of hydroformylation by O. Roelen in 1938, catalytic applications have paved the way of organometallic compounds in industry. Bulk and fine chemicals, and even natural products are being produced via homogeneous organometallic catalysis. The enormous breadth of this topic in view of both basic research and industrial application is met in this three volume handbook edited jointly by W. A. Herrmann and B. Cornils. The list of contributors reads like a who-is-who in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. In this handbook, experts will find the current state-of-the-art in their field and advanced students will benefit from the concise treatment of important catalytic reactions and processes. With its balanced presentation of the truly interdisciplinary topic and its outstanding editor- and authorship, the 'Cornils/Herrmann' is beyond common standards. Now in its second, completely revised and enlarged edition!
Corrosion of Steel in Concrete
by Rob B. Polder Elena Redaelli Bernhard Elsener Luca Bertolini Pietro PedeferriSteel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement.The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon,moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concretestructures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides,problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents withrecent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. Thisbook is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.
Handbook of Ion Chromatography 3 Volume Set
by Joachim Weis Oleg ShpigunAuthored by the true pioneer of this method, this two-volume handbook is the standard reference in the field, unparalleled in its comprehensiveness. As such, it covers every conceivable topic related to the expanding and increasingly important field of ion chromatography. This fourth edition is completely updated and revised to include the latest developments in the instrumentation, with Volume 2 completely rewritten to reflect the current state of applications. Approximately 30% new material.
Nanomachines
by Joseph WangNanomachines represent one of the most fascinating topics in of nanotechnology. These tiny devices provide diverse opportunities towards a wide range of important applications, ranging from targeted delivery of drug payloads to environmental remediation. This book addresses comprehensively the latest developments and discoveries in the field of nano- and microscale machines. It covers the evolution of nanomachines in general from a historical perspective, the fundamental challenges for motion at the nanoscale, different categories of biological and synthetic nano/microscale motors based on different propulsion mechanisms, ways for controlling the movement directionalityand regulated speed, followed by detailed of major areas for which nanomachines has the potential to make a transformational impact. It ends with a futuristic look at nano/microscale machines and into their impact on the society.Key Features:* The only nanomachine introductory textbook currently available.* Written with college graduate level in mind to appeal to a broad interdisciplinary audience.* Covers the fundamental challenges for nanoscale motion.* Covers the latest advances in the design and operaton of a wide range of small-scale machines.* Covers diverse biomedical, environmental and technological applications of nanomachines.* Written in review format with cited articles to cover latest research and developments.
Modern Drying Technology, Process Intensification
by Evangelos Tsotsas Arun S. MujumdarThe five-volume series provides a comprehensive overview of all important aspects of drying technology like computational tools at different scales (Volume 1), modern experimental and analytical techniques (Volume 2), product quality and formulation (Volume 3), energy savings (Volume 4) and process intensification (Volume 5).Based on high-level cutting-edge results contributed by internationally recognized experts in the various treated fields, this book series is the ultimate reference in the area of industrial drying. Located at the intersection of the two main approaches in modern chemical engineering, product engineering and process systems engineering, the series aims at bringing theory into practice in order to improve the quality of high-value dried products, save energy, and cut the costs of drying processes.Volume 5 is dedicated to process intensification by more efficient distribution and flow of the drying medium, foaming, controlled freezing, and the application of superheated steam, infrared radiation, microwaves, power ultrasound and pulsed electric fields. Process efficiency is treated in conjunction with the quality of sensitive products, such as foods, for a variety of hybrid and combined drying processes. Other Volumes and Sets:Volume 1 - Modern Drying Technology, Computational Tools at Different ScalesVolume 1: Diverse model types for the drying of products and the design of drying processes (short-cut methods, homogenized, pore network, and continuous thermo-mechanical approaches) are treated, along with computational fluid dynamics, population balances, and process systems simulation tools. Emphasis is put on scale transitions. Volume 2 - Modern Drying Technology: Experimental TechniquesVolume 2: Comprises experimental methods used in various industries and in research in order to design and control drying processes, measure moisture and moisture distributions, characterize particulate material and the internal micro-structure of dried products, and investigate the behavior of particle systems in drying equipment. Key topics include acoustic levitation, near-infrared spectral imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray tomography, and positron emission tracking. Volume 3 - Modern Drying Technology: Product Quality and FormulationVolume 3: Discusses how desired properties of foods, biomaterials, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and fragile aerogels can be preserved during drying, and how spray drying and spray fluidized bed processes can be used for particle formation and formulation. Methods for monitoring product quality, such as process analytical technology, and modeling tools, such as Monte Carlo simulations, discrete particle modeling and neural networks, are presented with real examples from industry and academia. Volume 4 - Modern Drying Technology: Energy SavingsVolume 4: Deals with the reduction of energy demand in various drying processes and areas, highlighting the following topics: Energy analysis of dryers, efficient solid-liquid separation techniques, osmotic dehydration, heat pump assisted drying, zeolite usage, solar drying, drying and heat treatment for solid wood and other biomass sources, and sludge thermal processing.Available in print as 5 Volume Set or as individual volumes. Buy the Set and SAVE 30%!Also available in electronic formats.
Modern Fluoroorganic Chemistry
by Peer KirschThe second edition of this classic reference work has been completely revised and updated, as well as being enlarged by 20% to reflect the latest developments in synthetic organic fluorine chemistry, taking into account new applications in materials science and medicinal chemistry.The new developments in transition-metal-catalyzed methods for the introduction of fluorine and fluorinated groups are discussed. In addition, new chapters have been added on such important applications as organic electronics (OLEDs) and fluorinated dyes. Appendices containing synthetic procedures and conversions round off this comprehensive work.This work is a valuable reference for fluorine chemists that also provides nonspecialists with an introduction to the field.From reviews of the first edition:''... a well-produced book with attractive graphics, photos and schemes. Throughout the book, coloured electrostatic maps of small organofluorine compounds are used toillustrate charge distributions. These are effective as well as attractive. I would point any organic chemist to this book who wants to learn about and do some fluorine chemistry. It provides uncluttered descriptions and a clear orientation to the literature in this important area of the organic chemistry.''CHEMBIOCHEM - A European Journal of Chemical Biology
Microwaves in Organic Synthesis, 2 Volume Set
by André Loupy Antonio De HozThe third edition of the bestselling two-volume reference covers everything you need to know about microwave technology for synthesis- from the best equipment to nonthermal effects, from solid-support reactions to catalysis. Completely revised and updated with half of the authors completely new to the project, this comprehensive work is clearly divided into two parts on the fundamentals of microwave irradiation, and application of microwaves and synergies with other enabling techniques. Also new to this edition are chapters on on-line monitoring, flow chemistry, combination with ultrasounds and natural products, including multicomponent reactions.An indispensable source for organic, catalytic, physical, and medicinal chemists.
Diffusion in Nanoporous Materials
by Doros N. Theodorou Jörg Kärger Douglas M. RuthvenAtoms and molecules in all states of matter are subject to continuous irregular movement. This process, referred to as diffusion, is among the most general and basic phenomena in nature and determines the performance of many technological processes. This book provides an introduction to the fascinating world of diffusion in microporous solids. Jointly written by three well-known researchers in this field, it presents a coherent treatise, rather than a compilation of separate review articles, covering the theoretical fundamentals, molecular modeling, experimental observation and technical applications. Based on the book Diffusion in Zeolites and other Microporous Solids, originally published in 1992, it illustrates the remarkable speed with which this field has developed since that time. Specific topics include: new families of nanoporous materials, micro-imaging and single-particle tracking, direct monitoring of transient profiles by interference microscopy, single-file diffusion and new approaches to molecular modeling.
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Drug Discovery and Clinical Applications
by Heribert Warzecha Oliver KayserThis second edition of a very successful book is thoroughly updated with existing chapters completely rewritten while the content has more than doubled from 16 to 36 chapters. As with the first edition, the focus is on industrial pharmaceutical research, written by a team of industry experts from around the world, while quality and safety management, drug approval and regulation, patenting issues, and biotechnology fundamentals are also covered. In addition, this new edition now not only includes biotech drug development but also the use of biopharmaceuticals in diagnostics and vaccinations. With a foreword by Robert Langer, Kenneth J Germeshausen Professor of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering at MIT and member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Sciences.
Microcirculation Imaging
by Martin J. LeahyAdopting a multidisciplinary approach with input from physicists, researchers and medical professionals, this is the first book to introduce many different technical approaches for the visualization of microcirculation, including laser Doppler and laser speckle, optical coherence tomography and photo-acoustic tomography. It covers everything from basic research to medical applications, providing the technical details while also outlining the respective strengths and weaknesses of each imaging technique. Edited by an international team of top experts, this is the ultimate handbook for every clinician and researcher relying on microcirculation imaging.
Von Geckos, Garn und Goldwasser: Die Nanowelt lässt grüßen (Erlebnis Wissenschaft)
by Michael GrossThe lotus effect, which keeps leafs free from dirt, or the gecko, which climbs up glass fronts, are examples of nature being the true expert on nanotechnology. Michael Groß gives an impression of this fascinating world and its applications in medicine, technology and daily life.
Graphene
by C. N. Rao Ajay K. SoodSince its discovery in 2004, graphene has been a great sensation due to its unique structure and unusual properties, and it has only taken6 years for a Noble Prize to be awarded for the field of graphene research. This monograph gives a well-balanced overview on all areas ofscientific interest surrounding this fascinating nanocarbon. In one handy volume it offers comprehensive coverage of the topic, includingchemical, materials science, nanoscience, physics, engineering, life science, and potential applications. Other graphene-like, inorganic layered materials are also discussed.Edited by two highly honored scientists, this is an invaluable companion for inorganic, organic, and physical chemists, materials scientists,and physicists.From the Contents:* Synthesis, Characterization, and Selected Properties of Graphene* Understanding Graphene via Raman Scattering* Physics of Quanta and Quantum Fields in Graphene* Graphene and Graphene-Oxide-Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Systems* Heterogeneous Catalysis by Metal Nanoparticles supported on Graphene* Graphenes in Supramolecular Gels and in Biological Systemsand many more
Analogue-based Drug Discovery III
by Janos Fischer C. Robin Ganellin David P. RotellaMost drugs are analogue drugs. There are no general rules how a new drug can be discovered, nevertheless, there are some observations which help to find a new drug, and also an individual story of a drug discovery can initiate and help new discoveries. Volume III is a continuation of the successful book series with new examples of established and recently introduced drugs. The major part of the book is written by key inventors either as a case study or a study of an analogue class. With its wide range across a variety of therapeutic fields and chemical classes, this is of interest to virtually every researcher in drug discovery and pharmaceutical chemistry, and -- together with the previous volumes -- constitutes the first systematic approach to drug analogue development.
Organic Electronics
by Fabio Cicoira Clara SantatoAn overview of the tremendous potential of organic electronics, concentrating on those emerging topics and technologies that will form the focus of research over the next five to ten years. The young and energetic team of editors with an excellent research track record has brought together internationally renowned authors to review up-and-coming topics, some for the first time, such as organic spintronics, iontronics, light emitting transistors, organic sensors and advanced structural analysis. As a result, this book serves the needs of experienced researchers in organic electronics, graduate students and post-doctoral researchers, as well as scientists active in closely related fields, including organic chemical synthesis, thin film growth and biomaterials.Cover Figure: With kind permission of Matitaccia.
Alles NANO - oder was?: Nanotechnologie für Neugierige (Erlebnis Wissenschaft)
by Gerd GanteförDie Perfektion der Mücke oder ein Reiseführer in die NANO-Welt Alles NANO, oder was? Das fragen sich immer mehr Menschen. Die Computer werden intelligenter, die Handys kleiner. Die Nanotechnologie bietet schon heute beachtliche Anwendungen. Noch mehr allerdings faszinieren die Möglichkeiten, die in der Zukunft liegen, zum Beispiel in der Medizin. Können spezielle Nanopartikel tatsächlich bald gezielt Krebszellen attackieren? Zeit für eine Bestandsaufnahme: Was ist Nanotechnologie? Wo kommt sie bereits zum Einsatz? Was kann sie in Zukunft leisten? Und welche Gefahren sind mit ihr verbunden? All diese Fragen beantwortet Gert Ganteför, im richtigen Leben Physikprofessor, in diesem dem Buch. Beste NANO-Lehrmeisterin: die Natur Die Natur ist dabei der reizvolle Ausgangspunkt des Buches, denn sie ist »die wahre Meisterin der Nanotechnologie«, wie Ganteför betont. Naheliegend dass der Autor zunächst einmal die Gesetze erklärt, die in der Welt der Moleküle, Atome und Quanten herrschen. Dringt man zum Beispiel in den Bereich von unter 100 Nanometern vor – zum Vergleich: Blutkörperchen sind zehnmal größer – spielen die Naturgesetze verrückt. Elektronen fliegen durch Barrieren, Teilchen können an mehreren Orten gleichzeitig sein und auch das Licht verlässt seine Bahnen. Der Mensch beginnt gerade erst zu verstehen, welche Chancen und Risiken dieser noch unerforschte Bereich bereithält. Dieses Buch ist der unverzichtbare Reiseführer in die Welt der Nanotechnologie – verständlich, unterhaltsam, spannend.
Surfen in die digitale Zukunft (Erlebnis Wissenschaft)
by Dieter LutzkeWe are surrounded by digital music, digital pictures, digital videos - and soon by digital wallpapers. Experience how the digits zero and one changed technology and therefore revolutionized our life.
Der perfekte Tipp: Statistik des Fußballspiels (Erlebnis Wissenschaft)
by Andreas HeuerHow predictable is a soccer game, what good does the change of a coach, which role does the salary of soccer players have? Andreas Heuer surprises us with his analysis of soccer statistics. He shows that many beloved soccer sayings will vanish into thin air at a closer look.
Illumination, Color and Imaging
by Tran Quoc Khanh Peter BodrogiThis much needed, comprehensive and modern reference on display technology, illumination sources and color imaging focuses on visual effects and how reproduced images are best matched to human visual features.As such, it teaches readers how to exploit the knowledge of human color information processing to design usable, ergonomic, and pleasing displays or visual environments. The contents describe design principles and methods to optimize self-luminous visual technologies for the human user, including modern still and motion image displays, and indoor light sources. Design principles and methods are derived from the knowledge of the human visual system, with a special emphasis on color vision, color cognition, color harmony, color preference and visually evoked emotions. The expert authors include the most important and latest applications of the design principles and methods, forming a comprehensive view of human color information processing from the receptors through the retina via high-level visual perception right up to the level of cognition, preference, harmony, as well as visually evoked emotions. This book is included in the Wiley SID Series.
Handbook of Loss Prevention Engineering
by Joel M. HaightLoss prevention engineering describes all activities intended to help organizations in any industry to prevent loss, whether it be through injury, fire, explosion, toxic release, natural disaster, terrorism or other security threats. Compared to process safety, which only focusses on preventing loss in the process industry, this is a much broader field.Here is the only one-stop source for loss prevention principles, policies, practices, programs and methodology presented from an engineering vantage point. As such, this handbook discusses the engineering needs for manufacturing, construction, mining, defense, health care, transportation and quantification, covering the topics to a depth that allows for their functional use while providing additional references should more information be required. The reference nature of the book allows any engineers or other professionals in charge of safety concerns to find the information needed to complete their analysis, project, process, or design.
Isotopic Analysis
by Frank Vanhaecke Patrick DegryseEdited by two very well-known and respected scientists in the field, this excellent practical guide is the first to cover the fundamentals and a wide range of applications, as well as showing readers how to efficiently use this increasingly important technique.From the contents:* The Isotopic Composition of the Elements* Single-Collector ICP-MS* Multi-Collector ICP-MS* Advances in Laser Ablation - Multi-Collector ICP-MS* Correction for Instrumental Mass Discrimination in Isotope Ratio Determination with Multi-Collector ICP-MS* Reference Materials in Isotopic Analysis* Quality Control in Isotope Ratio Applications* Determination of Trace Elements and Elemental Species Using Isotope Dilution ICP-MS* Geochronological Dating* Application of Multi-Collector ICP-MS to Isotopic Analysis in Cosmochemistry* Establishing the Basis for Using Stable Isotope Ratios of Metals as Paleoredox Proxies* Isotopes as Tracers of Elements Across the Geosphere-Biosphere Interface* Archaeometric Applications* Forensics Applications* Nuclear Applications* The Use of Stable Isotope Techniques for Studying Mineral and Trace Element Metabolism in Humans* Isotopic Analysis via Multi-Collector ICP-MS in Elemental SpeciationA must-have for newcomers as well as established scientists seeking an overview of isotopic analysis via ICP-MS.
Aryl Diazonium Salts: New Coupling Agents in Polymer and Surface Science
by Mohamed Mehdi ChehimiDiazonium compounds are employed as a new class of coupling agents to link polymers, biomacromolecules, and other species (e. g. metallic nanoparticles) to the surface of materials. The resulting high performance materials show improved chemical and physical properties and find widespread applications. The advantage of aryl diazonium salts compared to other surface modifiers lies in their ease of preparation, rapid (electro)reduction, large choice of reactive functional groups, and strong aryl-surface covalent bonding. This unique book summarizes the current knowledge of the surface and interface chemistry of aryl diazonium salts. It covers fundamental aspects of diazonium chemistry together with theoretical calculations of surface-molecule bonding, analytical methods used for the characterization of aryl layers, as well as important applications in the field of electrochemistry, nanotechnology, biosensors, polymer coatings and materials science. Furthermore, information on other surface modifiers (amines, silanes, hydrazines, iodonium salts) is included. This collection of 14 self-contained chapters constitutes a valuable book for PhD students, academics and industrial researchers working on this hot topic.
Principles and Applications of Lithium Secondary Batteries
by Jung-Ki ParkLithium secondary batteries have been key to mobile electronics since 1990. Large-format batteries typically for electric vehicles and energystorage systems are attracting much attention due to current energy and environmental issues. Lithium batteries are expected to play a centralrole in boosting green technologies. Therefore, a large number of scientists and engineers are carrying out research and development onlithium secondary batteries.The book is written in a straightforward fashion suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as scientists, and engineersstarting out in the field. The chapters in this book have been thoroughly edited by a collective of experts to achieve a cohesive book with a consistent style, level, and philosophy. They cover a wide range of topics, including principles and technologies of key materials such as thecathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator. Battery technologies such as design, manufacturing processes, and evaluation methods as well as applications are addressed. In addition, analytical methods for determining electrochemical and other properties of batteries are also included.Hence, this book is a must-have for everyone interested in obtaining all the basic information on lithium secondary batteries.
Crystallization
by Wolfgang BeckmannCrystallization is a natural occurring process but also a process abundantly used in the industry. Crystallization can occur from a solution, from the melt or via deposition of material from the gas phase (desublimation). Crystals distinguish themself from liquids, gases and amorphous substances by the long-range order of its building blocks that entail the crystals to be formed of well-defined faces, and give rise to a large number of properties of the solid.Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of solid materials. Crystallization is practiced on all scales: from the isolation of the first milligrams of a newly synthesized substance in the research laboratory to isolating products on the mulit-million tonne scale in industry. The book describes the breadth of crystallization operations, from isolation from a reaction broth to purification and finally to tailoring product properties.In the first section of the book, the basic mechanisms - nucleation, growth, attrition and agglomeration are introduced. It ensures an understanding of supersaturation, the driving force of crystallization. Furthermore, the solubility of the substance and its dependences on process conditions and the various techniques of crystallization and their possibilities and limitations are discussed. Last but not least, the first part includes an intensive treatment of polymorphism . The second part builds on the basics, exploring how crystallization processes can be developed, either batch-wise or continuous, from solution or from the melt. A discussion of the purification during crystallization serves as a link between the two sections, where practical aspects and an insight using theoretical concepts are combined. Mixing and its influence on thecrystallization as well as the mutual interference of down-stream processes with the crystallization are also treated. Finally, techniques to characterize the crop are discussed.The third part of the book is dedicated to accounts of actual developments and of carried-out crystallizations. Typical pitfalls and strategies to avoid these as well as the design of robust processes are presented.
Fuel Cell Science and Engineering, 2 Volume Set: Materials, Processes, Systems and Technology
by Bernd Emonts Prof. Detlef StoltenFuel cells are expected to play a major role in the future power supply that will transform to renewable, decentralized and fluctuating primary energies. At the same time the share of electric power will continually increase at the expense of thermal and mechanical energy not just in transportation, but also in households. Hydrogen as a perfect fuel for fuel cells and an outstanding and efficient means of bulk storage for renewable energy will spearhead this development together with fuel cells. Moreover, small fuel cells hold great potential for portable devices such as gadgets and medical applications such as pacemakers. This handbook will explore specific fuel cells within and beyond the mainstream development and focuses on materials and production processes for both SOFC and lowtemperature fuel cells, analytics and diagnostics for fuel cells, modeling and simulation as well as balance of plant design and components. As fuel cells are getting increasingly sophisticated and industrially developed the issues of quality assurance and methodology of development are included in this handbook. The contributions to this book come from an international panel of experts from academia, industry, institutions and government. This handbook is oriented toward people looking for detailed information on specific fuel cell types, their materials, production processes, modeling and analytics. Overview information on the contrary on mainstream fuel cells and applications are provided in the book 'Hydrogen and Fuel Cells', published in 2010.
CBRN Protection
by Frank Sabath Andre Richardt Bernd Niemeyer Birgit HülsewehOriginating in the armed forces of the early 20th century, weapons based on chemical, biological or nuclear agents have become an everpresent threat that has not vanished after the end of the cold war. Since the technology to produce these agents is nowadays available tomany countries and organizations, including those with terrorist aims, civil authorities across the world need to prepare against incidents involving these agents and train their personnel accordingly.As an introductory text on NBC CBRN weapons and agents, this book leads the reader from the scientific basics to the current threats and strategies to prepare against them. After an introductory part on the history of NBC CBRN weapons and their international control, the three classes of nuclear/radiological, biological, and chemical weapons are introduced, focusing on agents and delivery vehicles. Current methodsfor the rapid detection of NBC CBRN agents are introduced, and the principles of physical protection of humans and structures are explained.The final parts addresses more general issues of risk management, preparedness and response management, as the set of tools that authorities and civil services will be needed in a future CBRN scenario as well as the likely future scenarios that authorities and civil services will be faced with in the coming years.This book is a must-have for Health Officers, Public Health Agencies, and Military Authorities.