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Towards Another Summer (Virago Modern Classics #146)
by Janet Frame'A deeply rewarding and beautiful novel' HILARY MANTEL'The idea of a new novel by Janet Frame is in itself a delight and Towards Another Summer is a joy to read, with all the poise, inventiveness and clarity of her other work' MAGGIE O'FARRELLLife in England seems transitory for Grace Cleave as the pull of her native New Zealand grows stronger. She begins to feel increasingly like a migratory bird. Grace longs to find her own place in the world, if only she can decide where that is. But first she must learn to feel comfortable in her own skin, feathers and all.Written in 1963, Janet Frame considered this novel too personal to be published in her lifetime.'In this deeply personal novel of exile and loneliness, Janet Frame proves the master of nostalgia, beauty and loss. Frame is, and will remain, divine' ALICE SEBOLD'Exceptional . . . comic, melancholy and piercingly observant' Sunday Telegraph
Towards Another Summer
by Janet Frame"Self-styled" writer Grace Cleave has writer's block, and her anxiety is only augmented by her chronic aversion to leaving her home, to be "among people, even for five or ten minutes." And so it is with trepidation that she accepts an invitation to spend a weekend away from London in the north of England. Once there, she feels more and more like a migratory bird, as the pull of her native New Zealand makes life away from it seem transitory. Grace longs to find her place in the world, but first she must learn to be comfortable in her own skin, feathers and all.From the author of the universally acclaimed An Angel at My Table comes an exquisitely written novel of exile and return, homesickness and belonging. Written in 1963 when Janet Frame was living in London, this is the first publication of a novel she considered too personal to be published while she was alive.
Towards Analytical Techniques for Systems Engineering Applications (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #286)
by Eric Smith Vladik Kreinovich Griselda AcostaThis book is intended for specialists in systems engineering interested in new, general techniques and for students and practitioners interested in using these techniques for solving specific practical problems. For many real-world, complex systems, it is possible to create easy-to-compute explicit analytical models instead of time-consuming computer simulations. Usually, however, analytical models are designed on a case-by-case basis, and there is a scarcity of general techniques for designing such easy-to-compute models. This book fills this gap by providing general recommendations for using analytical techniques in all stages of system design, implementation, testing, and monitoring. It also illustrates these recommendations using applications in various domains, such as more traditional engineering systems, biological systems (e.g., systems for cattle management), and medical and social-related systems (e.g., recommender systems).
Towards Analytical Techniques for Optimizing Knowledge Acquisition, Processing, Propagation, and Use in Cyberinfrastructure and Big Data
by Vladik Kreinovich L. Octavio LermaThis book describes analytical techniques for optimizing knowledge acquisition, processing, and propagation, especially in the contexts of cyber-infrastructure and big data. Further, it presents easy-to-use analytical models of knowledge-related processes and their applications. The need for such methods stems from the fact that, when we have to decide where to place sensors, or which algorithm to use for processing the data--we mostly rely on experts' opinions. As a result, the selected knowledge-related methods are often far from ideal. To make better selections, it is necessary to first create easy-to-use models of knowledge-related processes. This is especially important for big data, where traditional numerical methods are unsuitable. The book offers a valuable guide for everyone interested in big data applications: students looking for an overview of related analytical techniques, practitioners interested in applying optimization techniques, and researchers seeking to improve and expand on these techniques.
Towards An Unknown Marx: A Commentary on the Manuscripts of 1861-63 (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics #Vol. 34)
by Enrique DusselThis book is the first complete commentary on Marx's manuscripts of 1861-63, works that guide our understanding of fundamental concepts such as 'surplus-value' and 'production price'. The recent publication of Marx's writings in their entirety has been a seminal event in Marxian scholarship. The hitherto unknown second draft of Volume 1 and first draft of Volume 3 of Capital, both published in the Manuscripts of 1861-63, now provide an important intermediate link between the Grundrisse and the final published editions of Capital. In this book, Enrique Dussel, one of the most original Marxist philosophers in the world today, provides an authoritative and detailed commentary on the manuscripts of 1861-63. The main points which Dussel emphasises in this path-breaking work are: The fundamental category in Marx's theory is 'living labour' which exists outside of capital and which capital must subsume in order to produce surplus-value Theories of Surplus Value is not a historical survey of previous theories, but rather a 'critical confrontation' through which Marx developed new categories for his own theory The most important new categories developed in this manuscript are related to the 'forms of appearance' of surplus value. The final part of the book discusses the relevance of the Manuscripts of 1861-63 to contemporary global capitalism, especially to the continuing underdevelopment and extreme poverty of Latin America.
Towards An Igbo Literary Standard
by P.Akujuoobi NwachukwuThis monograph is a contribution to an ongoing debate. Dated May 1982, so updated in some respects it remains the most accessible and systematic discussion of the various questions concerned with standardization of Igbo. With chapters distinguishing between a written a spoken standard of Igbo, with written being based on the Central dialects and the spoken with the dialects of the Onicha type. Including a surveying of successful examples of Swahili, Hausa, Shona and German; and official existing orthography of Igbo.
Towards An Era of Puhui Policy: Development and Practice of Early Care and Education in China
by Yu Zhou Yong Jiang Xingjian ZhuIn China, the puhui (普惠) early care and education (ECE) program, a national public policy, was officially launched in 2010 to improve the affordability, accessibility, and quality of ECE. Based on a five-year research project, this book explores the development and practice of this ambitious reform campaign with national empirical evidence.The authors evaluate the puhui ECE system (e.g., puhui early education policy, puhui kindergarten services, puhui child care services, and total teacher compensation) from the perspective of universal ECE provision for all children. They focus on children from disadvantaged families such as migrant children, children with special needs, and children from low socioeconomic families by emphasizing the targeted provision of ECE based on the principle of educational equity. In addition, they explore the innovative ways to optimize the structure, quality, and efficiency of puhui ECE provision by introducing an innovative provider with the participation of social organizations (China Welfare Institute) and three innovative forms of provision, including village kindergarten, small-scale urban kindergarten, and compensation for children with special needs.The book will be of interest to policymakers, scholars, and researchers in early childhood education, education policy, and education development.
Towards An American Army: Military Thought From Washington To Marshall
by Russell F. WeigleyThis book is a history of controversies that have surrounded the growth of the United States Army, controversies that have flared over the inextricably related questions of how to attain maximum military security for the United States and how to form an army that will be appropriate to and not subversive of American democratic society.This book offers some measure of information on the attitudes and thought processes that have been traditional and habitual among American professional soldiers. Especially, it reveals something of their customary approach to issues of military policy where such issues merge with those of national policy in general. And to know something about the customary approach of military men to the broadest issues of military and national policy is also of manifest value to the present.
Towards An Aesthetic Of Dalit Literature History Controversies Considerations
by Sharankumar LimbaleThis book is the first critical work by an eminent Dalit writer Sharankumar Limbale to appear in English, it is a provocative and thoughtful account of the debates among Dalit writers on how Dalit literature should be read. This book is translated from Marathi by Alok Mukhrejee.
Towards Africa's Renewal
by Jeggan C. SenghorAfrica still finds itself in the clutches of poverty and underdevelopment. The expected benefits from economic restructuring have not been realized and the debt burden continues to weigh heavily on African economies, constraining the possibilities of growth. Problems that have existed since the 1960s remain and links with the global economy continue to increase but fall short of requirements. Against this background it is not surprising that the vast majority of African states will not meet the Millennium Development Goals. The search for political systems that can deliver development have been categorized by cynics as old wine in old bottles with new stickers. As the dividends from globalization elude Africa in the 21st century, it becomes clear that it is a series of failed states, rogue states and even stateless states. This volume brings together leading researchers and analysts to examine issues and identify policy options which can lead to renewal in Africa. It provides an opportunity to reflect and offers a critical multidisciplinary appraisal of the future challenges facing Africa.
Towards Adaptive Spoken Dialog Systems
by Alexander Schmitt Wolfgang MinkerIn Monitoring Adaptive Spoken Dialog Systems, authors Alexander Schmitt and Wolfgang Minker investigate statistical approaches that allow for recognition of negative dialog patterns in Spoken Dialog Systems (SDS). The presented stochastic methods allow a flexible, portable and accurate use. Beginning with the foundations of machine learning and pattern recognition, this monograph examines how frequently users show negative emotions in spoken dialog systems and develop novel approaches to speech-based emotion recognition using hybrid approach to model emotions. The authors make use of statistical methods based on acoustic, linguistic and contextual features to examine the relationship between the interaction flow and the occurrence of emotions using non-acted recordings several thousand real users from commercial and non-commercial SDS. Additionally, the authors present novel statistical methods that spot problems within a dialog based on interaction patterns. The approaches enable future SDS to offer more natural and robust interactions. This work provides insights, lessons and inspiration for future research and development, not only for spoken dialog systems, but for data-driven approaches to human-machine interaction in general.
Towards AI-Aided Invention and Innovation: 23rd International TRIZ Future Conference, TFC 2023, Offenburg, Germany, September 12–14, 2023, Proceedings (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology #682)
by Denis Cavallucci Stelian Brad Pavel LivotovThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International TRIZ Future Conference on Towards AI-Aided Invention and Innovation, TFC 2023, which was held in Offenburg, Germany, during September 12–14, 2023. The event was sponsored by IFIP WG 5.4.The 43 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 80 submissions. The papers are divided into the following topical sections: AI and TRIZ; sustainable development; general vision of TRIZ; TRIZ impact in society; and TRIZ case studies.
Towards A Science Of Belief Systems
by Edmund GriffithsPeople believe in a great many things: the New Age and the new atheism, astrology and the Juche Idea, the marginal utility theory and a God in three persons. Yet most of us know almost nothing about why other people believe the things they do or indeed about how it feels to believe them. This book presents an objective method for understanding and comparing belief systems, irrespective of their subject matter and of whether or not the investigator happens to agree with them. The method, descriptive logic, is illustrated through analyses of various phenomena, including Zoroastrianism, Dawkinsism, Fabianism, 9/11 Truth, 'alternative' Egyptology, Gnosticism, flying saucer sightings, and the hymns of Charles Wesley. Special attention is given to beliefs that are not supposed to be wholly believed, and to how descriptive logic relates to the materialist conception of history. The book also outlines a new theory of superstition. "
Towards A Postsecular International Politics
by Luca Mavelli Fabio PetitoAn investigation of the postsecular in International Relations and how an increasingly postsecular international politics is contributing to the emergence of new patterns of authority, legitimacy and power in the international system.
Towards A New Understanding Of Sraffa
by Riccardo Bellofiore Scott CarterTowards a New Understanding of Sraffa examines the legacy of Piero Sraffa by approaching his ideas in a new light, thanks to the insights gained from the opening of the archive collection of his papers at the Wren Library (Trinity College, Cambridge, UK). It provides a refreshing perspective into Sraffa's approach to money, the role of equilibrium and of the surplus in economic theory. The study is backed by previously unpublished, original, archival material. It provides an appraisal of the discontinuities in the path leading to the publication in 1960 of Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities since its conception in the late 1920s. It unlocks significant new perspectives about the connection of Sraffa to Marx regarding Standard commodity, the macro-social and monetary theory of exploitation, the tendency of the rate of profit to fall, and the transformation of values into prices of production. It also offers insights on how Sraffa dealt with money in the various phases of his thinking, and explores his ideas about the role of equilibrium and of the surplus in economic theory. It concludes with an account of some recent Sraffa scholarship and points towards future research avenues.
Towards A New Political Economy Of Agriculture
by William H FriedlandThe emergence of a truly global economy in the 1970s and the need to understand the subsequent changes in economic structure provided the impetus for this synthesis of the sociology of agriculture. The book offers the first formulations of a political economy theory that explains the transnational social and production relations of food and agriculture. Drawing upon studies of labour, technology, the state and gender, the contributors put forward a basis for reassessing and restating the intellectual framework of agriculture.
Towards A New Education System: The Victory Of The New Right?
by Clyde Chitty University of Birmingham.First published in 1989. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Towards A New Christian Political Realism: The Amsterdam School of Philosophy and the Role of Religion in International Relations (Routledge Studies in Religion and Politics)
by Simon PolinderTowards A New Christian Political Realism presents a new theoretical approach to understanding the role of religion in international relations, considering the strengths of Christian realism, classical realism, and neorealism, as well as the literature about the relevance of religion for IR.The book discusses the resurgence of religion and how it has become ‘public’ in the world since around the 1960s. It extensively describes the role religion plays in Hans Morgenthau’s classical realism and Kenneth Waltz’s neorealism and how both thinkers are indebted to an Augustinian way of thinking that has influenced political realism through Reinhold Niebuhr’s Christian realism. The book presents an alternative approach inspired by the Amsterdam School of Philosophy: a new Christian political realism. It incorporates the theological inspiration of political realism and the necessity of theorizing while doing justice to the relevance and manifold manifestations of religion in international relations. This book will be of interest to scholars and higher-level students of International Relations, the Amsterdam School of Philosophy, Classical Realism, Neorealism, Christian Realism, and Religious Studies, as well as practitioners working in the field of International Relations.
Towards A Jurisprudence of State Communism: Law and the Failure of Revolution
by Cosmin CercelMore than twenty-five years after the collapse of the Socialist bloc, the nature of the regimes in Eastern Europe between 1945 and 1989 continues to evade the attempts of political theorists and scholars of post-communism to define and classify them. Drawing on philosophical inquiry, jurisprudential analysis and intellectual history, this book traces the impact of communist ideology and practice on legal thought: from its critical roots in the midst of the nineteenth century to its reactionary stand in the later years of the twentieth. Exploring how the communist experience – both in its revolutionary and authoritarian guises – has been articulated within the legal theoretical field, the book addresses two central theoretical lacunae fostered by the historiography of authoritarianism in Central and Eastern Europe: the status of law, and its relationship to the broader ideological framework legitimising authoritarian regimes. Moving beyond the limits of the contemporary discourse on communism – particularly as it is channelled through transitional justice and memory studies – Cosmin Cercel develops a theoretical framework that is able to uncover law’s complicity with the extreme ideologies that dominated Central and Eastern Europe. For it is, he argues, in its recourse to legal concepts that the communist experience raises important jurisprudential questions for our contemporary understanding of law, the limits of state sovereignty, and law’s relationship to historical violence.
Towards A Green Democratic Revolution: Left Populism and the Power of Affects
by Chantal MouffeHow to rebuilt left populism around the demands for the Green Democratic RevolutionIn recent years, the promises of the populist moment have faltered, as seen in the defeats of Jeremy Corbyn, Bernie Sanders, Jean-Luc Melenchon. In addition, the pandemic has brought about a strong need for protection, creating a favorable terrain for authoritarian forms of politics. This new situation represents a challenge for the left, whose rationalism and modernist idea of progress is rightly suspicious of such demands. How, therefore, can the left deal with the economic, social and ecological crisis that the pandemic has brought to the fore?Chantal Mouffe argues that the left should not underestimate the importance of affects when developing a strategy for political change. In fact, after years of &‘post-politics&’, we are witnessing a &‘return of the political&’. And in response Mouffe proposes the creation of a broad coalition of movements under the banner of a 'Green Democratic Revolution'. This entails the protection of society and its material conditions in a way that empowers people instead of making them retreat in a defensive nationalism or in a passive acceptance of technological solutions. It is protection for the many, not the few, providing social justice and fostering solidarity.Towards A Green Democratic Revolution is a bold rallying cry for political organisation in the post-pandemic era.
Towards A Fair Global Labour Market: The Role of International Labour (Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy)
by Ozay Mehmet Errol Mendes Robert SindingThis book answers the question of how to maintain effective labour regulation as the market for labour moves towards globalization. This issue is addressed from legal, economic, social and cultural perspectives. The authors consider the effects of free trade and investment, with and without labour standards, on employment, competitiveness, wages and working conditions in the global economy. Deriving and analysing policy options, they seek ways in which principles of labour regulation can operate at an international level. The work concludes with a call for a rule-based global trading system in which core labour standards play a significant part.
Towards A Democratic Nepal
by Mahendra LawotiThis book analyses the problem of the increasing political exclusion of ethnic, caste and gender groups in democratic Nepal and discusses its consequences for democracy and the stability of the country. While outlining alternative democratic institutions and proposing specific institutions that can include the diverse socio-cultural groups in Nepal, this book: - analyses the Maoist insurgency, arguing that political exclusion was a major cause for its genesis and growth; - examines the causes for the lack of democratic consolidation in Nepal; - provides the first comprehensive critique of the 1990 Constitution, identifying it as an important factor leading to the political exclusion of ethnic groups; - suggests the setting up of a new Constituent Assembly to address the social and political crisis in Nepal; - makes important recommendations to shape an inclusive and democratic Nepal which include federalism; a powerful House of Nationalities; a proportional electoral system; affirmative action policies and reservations; declaration of a secular state; a centralized judicial review; and the protection of minority rights in the Constitution. Overall, the author argues that unless Nepal's ruling elite becoms senstive to the needs of marginalized and excluded groups, the country could witness an escalation in violence. Highlighting a wide range of issues crucial to strengthening democracy in Nepal, this book is of interest ot students and academics studing Nepal and South Asia.
Towards A Compulsory Curriculum (Routledge Library Editions: Education)
by John P. WhiteWritten prior to the introduction of the national curriculum, this volume argued for precisely that: a broad framework of a compulsory education at national level for all schools. The author considers the question of the content of his proposed compulsory curriculum in terms of principles derived from a fundamental ethical position and from an analysis of kinds of human activity that seeks to establish important educational priorities. The discussion covers arguments concerning intrinsically worthwhile activities, the need for a practical component of the curriculum and the priority that humanistic studies should have. It puts forward a case for a new concept of voluntary education, partly on the model of the Pioneer organizations of Eastern Europe, to supplement the compulsory curriculum.
Towards A Common Future
by Yasushi Suzuki Arindam Banik Munim Kumar BaraiThis book focuses on the tremendous shift in both economic growth and development progress taking place towards the Asia-Pacific Region. Each of the countries in the region has various concerns and challenges for its sustainable development, a common goal most of them are trying to achieve at the moment. Interestingly, sustainable development in the region may be critical for achieving sustainable development at the global level as well. With a limited mandate, the book covers some specific developmental issues of 'the hot spots' of APR that are regarded to be contributing to their sustainable development. The book also looks at the formation and strengthening of some economic and financial initiatives with the potentials to affect growth and influence economic cooperation and integration of the countries in the region.
Towards 5G: Applications, Requirements and Candidate Technologies
by Rath Vannithamby Shilpa TalwarThis book brings together a group of visionaries and technical experts from academia to industry to discuss the applications and technologies that will comprise the next set of cellular advancements (5G). In particular, the authors explore usages for future 5G communications, key metrics for these usages with their target requirements, and network architectures and enabling technologies to meet 5G requirements. The objective is to provide a comprehensive guide on the emerging trends in mobile applications, and the challenges of supporting such applications with 4G technologies.