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Abstract Sets and Finite Ordinals: An Introduction to the Study of Set Theory
by G. B. KeeneThis text unites the logical and philosophical aspects of set theory in a manner intelligible both to mathematicians without training in formal logic and to logicians without a mathematical background. It combines an elementary level of treatment with the highest possible degree of logical rigor and precision.Starting with an explanation of all the basic logical terms and related operations, the text progresses through a stage-by-stage elaboration that proves the fundamental theorems of finite sets. It focuses on the Bernays theory of finite classes and finite sets, exploring the system's basis and development, including Stage I and Stage II theorems, the theory of finite ordinals, and the theory of finite classes and finite sets. This volume represents an excellent text for undergraduates studying intermediate or advanced logic as well as a fine reference for professional mathematicians.
Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 5th International Conference, Abz 2016, Linz, Austria, May 23-27, 2016, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9675)
by Michael Butler Atif Mashkoor Miklos Biro Laus-Dieter ScheweThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z, ABZ 2016, held in Linz, Austria, in May 2016. <P><P> The 17 full and 15 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 61 submissions. They record the latest research developments in state-based formal methods Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, Circus, Event-B, TLS+, VDM and Z.
Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 5th International Conference, ABZ 2016, Linz, Austria, May 23-27, 2016, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9675)
by Michael Butler Klaus-Dieter Schewe Atif Mashkoor Miklos BiroThis bookconstitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on AbstractState Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z, ABZ 2016, held in Linz, Austria, inMay 2016. The 17 full and 15 short papers presented in this volume were carefullyreviewed and selected from 61 submissions. They record the latest researchdevelopments in state-based formal methods Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B,Circus, Event-B, TLS+, VDM and Z.
Abzähltheorie nach Pólya (essentials)
by Karl-Heinz ZimmermannIm Zentrum dieses essentials steht der gefeierte Abzählsatz von Pólya. Damit lassen sich kombinatorische Objekte mit Symmetrien abzählen, wie etwa Halsketten mit bunten Perlen und Würfel mit gefärbten Seiten, aber auch Graphen und Bäume. Die Gruppentheorie wird dafür benutzt, die Symmetrien der abzuzählenden Figuren zu beschreiben. Darauf aufbauend kann anhand der Operation der jeweiligen Symmetriegruppe auf den gefärbten Figuren die Anzahl der verschiedenen Muster ermittelt werden. Grundlegend hierfür ist das Lemma von Burnside. Aus seiner gewichteten Fassung wird unter Einbeziehung der Zyklenindexpolynome von Symmetriegruppen der berühmte Pólyasche Satz hergeleitet. Einige Beispiele runden die Darstellung ab.
Accelerated Lattice Boltzmann Model for Colloidal Suspensions: Rheology and Interface Morphology
by Hassan Farhat Joon Sang Lee Sasidhar KondarajuColloids are ubiquitous in the food, medical, cosmetics, polymers, water purification, and pharmaceutical industries. The thermal, mechanical, and storage properties of colloids are highly dependent on their interface morphology and their rheological behavior. Numerical methods provide a convenient and reliable tool for the study of colloids. Accelerated Lattice Boltzmann Model for Colloidal Suspensions introduce the main building-blocks for an improved lattice Boltzmann-based numerical tool designed for the study of colloidal rheology and interface morphology. This book also covers the migrating multi-block used to simulate single component, multi-component, multiphase, and single component multiphase flows and their validation by experimental, numerical, and analytical solutions. Among other topics discussed are the hybrid lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for surfactant-covered droplets; biological suspensions such as blood; used in conjunction with the suppression of coalescence for investigating the rheology of colloids and microvasculature blood flow. The presented LBM model provides a flexible numerical platform consisting of various modules that could be used separately or in combination for the study of a variety of colloids and biological flow deformation problems.
Accelerated Life Testing of One-shot Devices: Data Collection and Analysis
by Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan Man Ho Ling Hon Yiu SoProvides authoritative guidance on statistical analysis techniques and inferential methods for one-shot device life-testing Estimating the reliability of one-shot devices—electro-expolsive devices, fire extinguishers, automobile airbags, and other units that perform their function only once—poses unique analytical challenges to conventional approaches. Due to how one-shot devices are censored, their precise failure times cannot be obtained from testing. The condition of a one-shot device can only be recorded at a specific inspection time, resulting in a lack of lifetime data collected in life-tests. Accelerated Life Testing of One-shot Devices: Data Collection and Analysis addresses the fundamental issues of statistical modeling based on data collected from accelerated life-tests of one-shot devices. The authors provide inferential methods and procedures for planning accelerated life-tests, and describe advanced statistical techniques to help reliability practitioners overcome estimation problems in the real world. Topics covered include likelihood inference, competing-risks models, one-shot devices with dependent components, model selection, and more. Enabling readers to apply the techniques to their own lifetime data and arrive at the most accurate inference possible, this practical resource: Provides expert guidance on comprehensive data analysis of one-shot devices under accelerated life-tests Discusses how to design experiments for data collection from efficient accelerated life-tests while conforming to budget constraints Helps readers develops optimal designs for constant-stress and step-stress accelerated life-tests, mainstream life-tests commonly used in reliability practice Includes R code in each chapter for readers to use in their own analyses of one-shot device testing data Features numerous case studies and practical examples throughout Highlights important issues, problems, and future research directions in reliability theory and practice Accelerated Life Testing of One-shot Devices: Data Collection and Analysis is essential reading for graduate students, researchers, and engineers working on accelerated life testing data analysis.
Accelerated Optimization for Machine Learning: First-Order Algorithms
by Zhouchen Lin Huan Li Cong FangThis book on optimization includes forewords by Michael I. Jordan, Zongben Xu and Zhi-Quan Luo. Machine learning relies heavily on optimization to solve problems with its learning models, and first-order optimization algorithms are the mainstream approaches. The acceleration of first-order optimization algorithms is crucial for the efficiency of machine learning. Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to, and state-of-the-art review of accelerated first-order optimization algorithms for machine learning. It discusses a variety of methods, including deterministic and stochastic algorithms, where the algorithms can be synchronous or asynchronous, for unconstrained and constrained problems, which can be convex or non-convex. Offering a rich blend of ideas, theories and proofs, the book is up-to-date and self-contained. It is an excellent reference resource for users who are seeking faster optimization algorithms, as well as for graduate students and researchers wanting to grasp the frontiers of optimization in machine learning in a short time.
Accentuate the Negative: Integers and Rational Numbers
by Glenda Lappan Elizabeth Difanis Phillips James T. Fey Susan N. FrielIn this book; you will study integers and rational numbers, two specific sets of numbers that include positive and negative numbers. You will explore models that help you think about adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing these numbers. You will also learn about the properties of operations on positive and negative numbers. Connected Mathematics® is a registered trademark of Pearson Education, Inc.
Accentuate the Negative, Integers and Rational Numbers
by Glenda Lappan James T. Fey William M. Fitzgerald Susan N. Friel Elizabeth Difanis PhillipsNIMAC-sourced textbook
Accentuate the Negative, Integers and Rational Numbers
by Glenda Lappan James T. Fey William M. Fitzgerald Susan N. Friel Elizabeth Difanis PhillipsNIMAC-sourced textbook
Accentuate the Negative, Integers and Rational Numbers (Texas)
by Glenda Lappan James T. Fey William M. Fitzgerald Susan N. Friel Elizabeth Difanis Phillips WestWordsNIMAC-sourced textbook
Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control
by Edward Schilling Dean NeubauerAcceptance Sampling in Quality Control, Third Edition presents the state of the art in the methodology of sampling while integrating both theory and best practices. It discusses various standards, including those from the ISO, MIL-STD and ASTM and explores how to set quality levels. The book also includes problems at the end of each chapter with solutions. This edition improves upon the previous editions especially in the areas of software applications and compliance sampling plans. New to the Third Edition: Numerous Microsoft Excel templates to address sampling plans are used. Commercial software applications are discussed at the end of many chapters. Discussion of quick switching systems has been expanded to account for the considerable recent activity in this area. Added discussion of zero acceptance number chained quick switching systems.
Access Control, Security, and Trust: A Logical Approach
by Shiu-Kai Chin Susan Beth OlderDeveloped from the authors' courses at Syracuse University and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Access Control, Security, and Trust: A Logical Approach equips readers with an access control logic they can use to specify and verify their security designs. Throughout the text, the authors use a single access control logic based on a simple pro
Access to Non-Summary Clinical Trial Data for Research Purposes Under EU Law (Munich Studies on Innovation and Competition #16)
by Daria KimThis book draws a unique perspective on the regulation of access to clinical trial data as a case on research and knowledge externalities. Notwithstanding numerous potential benefits for medical research and public health, many jurisdictions have struggled to ensure access to clinical trial data, even at the level of the trial results. Pro-access policy initiatives have been strongly opposed by research-based drug companies arguing that mandatory data disclosure impedes their innovation incentives. Conventionally, access to test data has been approached from the perspective of transparency and research ethics. The book offers a complementary view and considers access to individual patient-level trial data for exploratory analysis as a matter of research and innovation policy. Such approach appears to be especially relevant in the data-driven economy where digital data constitutes a valuable economic resource. The study seeks to define how the rules of access to clinical trial data should be designed to reconcile the policy objectives of leveraging the research potential of data through secondary analysis, on the one hand, and protecting economic incentives of research-based drug companies, on the other hand. Overall, it is argued that the mainstream innovation-based justification for exclusive control over the outcomes of research and development can hardly rationalise trial sponsors’ control over primary data from trials. Instead, access to such data and its robust analysis should be prioritised.
Access to Science: Curriculum Planning and Practical Activities for Pupils with Learning Difficulties
by Claire Marvin Chris StokoeThis accessible and practical teaching resource focuses on access to the science curriculum for pupils with learning difficulties. Within an inclusive framework of participation and achievement for all, the core of the book provides support and ideas for the effective planning and implementation of well-differentiated science-focused activities. The book offers activities that are designed to motivate and challenge pupils with diverse individual needs; guidance on differentiation in early years and across all key stages; suggestions for teaching early developmental skills through sensory science; defined learning outcomes that demonstrate progression in curriculum content and experience; assessment and recording opportunities; and guidance on how to incorporate science in a cross-curricular way. Written by authors who have direct experience in the field, this book will provide practical help to all those working with pupils with learning difficulties in early years settings and in mainstream and special schools.
Accessibility: The Rural Challenge (Routledge Revivals)
by Malcolm J. MoseleyOriginally published in 1979, this book discusses the problem faced by planners, county councils, transport, health and education authorities as well as the inhabitants of rural Britain, of the inaccessibility of many areas of the UK. For certain sections of society such as the less well-off, children and teenagers and the elderly the impact is felt most strongly when local shops, schools and medical services are withdrawn in favour of larger units in distant towns. The book reviews the process of decline which led to this situation and considers the concept of accessibility to show how it can be developed into an analytical tool for measuring the success or failure of alternative policies. Each policy option is discussed in detail: the support of conventional bus or other transport services; the provision of mobile services; ‘mini-outlet’ policies and the long-term restructuring of the rural settlement pattern.
Accessibility Tests Mathematics
by DAISY Consortium Transition to EPUB 3 and the DIAGRAM Center Standards WGMath Recommendation for EPUB. This is a test book from epubtest.org.
Accessible Algebra: 30 Modules to Promote Algebraic Reasoning, Grades 7-10
by Anne Collins Steven BensonAccessible Algebra: 30 Modules to Promote Algebraic Reasoning, Grades 7-10' is for any pre-algebra or algebra teacher who wants to provide a rich and fulfilling experience for students as they develop new ways of thinking through and about algebra.' The book includes 30 lessons that identifies' a focal domain and standard in algebra, then lays out the common misconceptions and challenges students may face as they work to investigate and understand problems.' Authors Anne Collins and Steven Benson' conferred with students in real classrooms as the students explained what problem-solving strategies they were using or worked to ask the right questions that would lead them to a deeper understanding of algebra. Each scenario represents actual instances of an algebra classroom that demonstrate effective teaching methods, real-life student questions, and conversations about the problems at hand.' Accessible Algebra' works for students at every level. In each lesson there are' sections on how to support struggling students, as well as ways to challenge students who may need more in-depth work. There are also numerous additional resources, including research articles and classroom vignettes.' '
Accessible Mathematics: Ten Instructional Shifts That Raise Student Achievement
by Steven LeinwandRaising students' math achievement doesn't mean ripping up your planning book and starting over. InAccessible Mathematics Steven Leinwand (author of Sensible Mathematics) shows how small shifts in the good teaching you already do can make a big difference in student learning. <p><p> Accessible Mathematics is Leinwand's latest important book for math teachers. In it he focuses on the crucial issue of classroom instruction. He scours the research and visits highly effective classrooms for practical examples of small adjustments to your teaching that lead to deeper student learning in math. Some of his 10 classroom-tested teaching shifts may surprise you and others will validate your thinking. But all of them will improve your students' performance. <p> Thoroughly practical and ever-aware of the limits of teachers' time, Leinwand gives you everything you need to put his commonsense ideas to use immediately. His extensive planning advice will help you streamline your teaching to get more from everything you do. Classroom examples from every grade level model teaching language and instructional moves. And his suggestions for professional learning help increase your effectiveness through the power of collaboration. <p> Steven Leinwand shares your priority: raising the mathematical understanding and achievement of every one of your students. Read Accessible Mathematics, try his 10 suggestions in your practice, and discover how minor shifts in your teaching can put student learning into high gear.
An Accidental Statistician
by George E. BoxCelebrating the life of an admired pioneer in statisticsIn this captivating and inspiring memoir, world-renowned statistician George E. P. Box offers a firsthand account of his life and statistical work. Writing in an engaging, charming style, Dr. Box reveals the unlikely events that led him to a career in statistics, beginning with his job as a chemist conducting experiments for the British army during World War II. At this turning point in his life and career, Dr. Box taught himself the statistical methods necessary to analyze his own findings when there were no statisticians available to check his work.Throughout his autobiography, Dr. Box expertly weaves a personal and professional narrative to illustrate the effects his work had on his life and vice-versa. Interwoven between his research with time series analysis, experimental design, and the quality movement, Dr. Box recounts coming to the United States, his family life, and stories of the people who mean the most to him.This fascinating account balances the influence of both personal and professional relationships to demonstrate the extraordinary life of one of the greatest and most influential statisticians of our time. An Accidental Statistician also features:* Two forewords written by Dr. Box's former colleagues and closest confidants* Personal insights from more than a dozen statisticians on how Dr. Box has influenced and continues to touch their careers and lives* Numerous, previously unpublished photos from the author's personal collectionAn Accidental Statistician is a compelling read for statisticians in education or industry, mathematicians, engineers, and anyone interested in the life story of an influential intellectual who altered the world of modern statistics.
Accountability for After-School Care
by Alison Jacknowitz Angela Hawken Megan K. BeckettIncreasing numbers of children are participating in after-school programs, and with more federal and state funding the number of such programs is likely to grow. This growth has been occurring, however, with little guidance as to what program features or practices might be most helpful in nurturing the educational achievement, emotional development, and health of the children involved. This book helps fill that need for guidance by offering a set of 18 model practices against which after-school programs can be evaluated. The authors provide ways to score adherence to the criteria, from excellent to inadequate; survey forms for collecting the information to assign these grades; and an illustrative application of their approach to a set of real-world after-school programs.
Accountable and Explainable Methods for Complex Reasoning over Text
by Pepa AtanasovaThis thesis presents research that expands the collective knowledge in the areas of accountability and transparency of machine learning (ML) models developed for complex reasoning tasks over text. In particular, the presented results facilitate the analysis of the reasons behind the outputs of ML models and assist in detecting and correcting for potential harms. It presents two new methods for accountable ML models; advances the state of the art with methods generating textual explanations that are further improved to be fluent, easy to read, and to contain logically connected multi-chain arguments; and makes substantial contributions in the area of diagnostics for explainability approaches. All results are empirically tested on complex reasoning tasks over text, including fact checking, question answering, and natural language inference. This book is a revised version of the PhD dissertation written by the author to receive her PhD from the Faculty of Science, University ofCopenhagen, Denmark. In 2023, it won the Informatics Europe Best Dissertation Award, granted to the most outstanding European PhD thesis in the field of computer science.
Accountancy class 12 - Tamil Nadu Board
by Government Of Tamil NaduThis Accountancy textbook is the source of knowledge to provide you with the basic understanding of Accountancy and to make use of your analytical ability to make you an excellent person in applying the accounting principles to real business situations through various activities given in the textbook. The book contains 14 units, within which the subdivisions and various student activities are given in an organised way to make learning easy, systematic and a pleasure.
Accounting, 26th Edition
by Carl S. Warren James M. Reeve Jonathan E. DuchacClose the gap between homework and exam performance with Warren/Reeve/Duchac's ACCOUNTING 26E and CengageNOWv2! Market--leading ACCOUNTING has been on the forefront of innovation and change based on the needs of today's teaching and learning environment. Warren/Reeve/Duchac's ACCOUNTING 26E and CengageNOWv2 help elevate student thinking with content that addresses each stage of the learning process from motivation to mastery. This integrated system motivates students to learn, provides practice opportunities to better prepare for exams, and helps students achieve mastery with tools to help them make connections and see the big picture. The Complete Learning System in ACCOUNTING and CengageNOWv2 is built around the way students use textbooks and online resources to learn, study and complete homework, allowing them to achieve ultimate success in this course. New content includes author--written Dynamic Exhibits that allow students to see connections and relationships like never before! Dynamic Exhibits allow students to change the variables in a scenario and see how a change ripples through the accounting system, helping students understand how concepts relate to one another. In addition to the many new digital assets created for this edition, the textbook content itself has also been revised to include the new revenue recognition standard and a greater emphasis on service companies in the managerial accounting chapters. The end goal of Warren/Reeve/Duchac's ACCOUNTING and CengageNOWv2 is to elevate thinking and create more empowered and prepared students----ready to take on the rest of their educational and career goals.
Accounting for Construction: Frameworks, Productivity, Cost and Performance
by Rick Best Jim MeikleAccounting for Construction follows on from Measuring Construction, edited by the same team. It extends the coverage of some of the material in the first volume and expands the range of related topics to include, inter alia, shadow economies, accounting for informal construction and the treatment of the built environment sector in national accounts. Taken together, the two volumes collate a range of topics that are only addressed, if addressed at all, in occasional academic papers and the publications of bodies such as national statistical offices and the World Bank. Accounting for Construction presents international examples from the UK, Australia and New Zealand and from both academic and professional contributors. This book is essential reading for all researchers and professionals interested in construction economics, construction management, and anyone interested in how the construction industry affects the global economy in ways previously under-represented in the literature.